Abstract: This invention relates to processes and techniques for forming metal and/or plastic/polyparabanic acid (PPA) laminates particularly for use as a component of electrical and electronic systems, especially as flexible circuit materials. Laminate species not requiring intermediate adhesive layers, not fabricated from preformed PPA films and not requiring subsequent cross-linking or other curing reactions are preferred. Solvent casting of PPA is a preferred method of preparing such laminates.

Abstract: In a line for coating a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal, the line being of the type having a preparation furnace for the strip comprising a direct fired furnace, a controlled atmosphere heating furnace, one or more cooling chambers and a snout leading beneath the surface of the molten coating metal bath, all in sealed relationship to each other, the improvement comprising a method and means for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the entire preparation furnace during line stop. To this end, a retractable, refractory lined door means is provided in the conduit between the direct fired furnace and its exhaust fan to seal off the direct fired furnace from its exhaust fan and an air dilution opening in that conduit. Additionally, means are provided to add excess nitrogen flow to the preparation furnace to maintain a positive pressure therein.

Abstract: Water-soluble lignosulphonate salts when present in an acid metal phosphating solution modify the physical form of sludge produced therein when the solution is used to treat a metal substrate. Process efficiency is improved.

Abstract: The specification discloses a rust converting paint which may either be of an all solvent type, or a cross blend between a solvent based and a water based paint, in either case having an acid pH and consisting essentially of, a solvent based resin, alcohols and phosphoric acid in an amount sufficient to act as a rust remover, converter and inhibitor. The maximum amount of acid varies with the other components of the paint. The cross-blend paint will also contain water and hydrocarbons. Coloring matter and opacity elements are optional in either version.

Abstract: A composition, and method for using the composition in applying a conversion coating on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces, is disclosed. In the method of this invention an aluminum containing metal surface is contacted with a ferricyanide free aqueous acidic solution containing zinc, hexavalent chromium, fluoride, and molybdate ions. The coated metal surface shows inhanced resistance to corrosion and improved paint adhesion. The absence of ferricyanide in the composition promotes easier disposal of the spent solutions.

Abstract: Electrically-conductive films of tin oxide are prepared by a novel process utilizing gaseous chemical compounds which react to form a tin-fluorine bond at a temperature which is (1) high enough so that the newly-created tin-fluorine bond-bearing molecule remains in the vapor phase; and (2) low enough so that oxidation of the molecule occurs only after the indicated re-arrangement. Films prepared by the process of the invention are characterized by surface resistances as low as 1 ohm per square when the film thickness is as thin as about a micron. These films are also characterized by extremely good reflectance of infrared radiation.

Abstract: Fuser members having surfaces of gold and the platinum groups metals and alloys thereof are described for fuser assemblies in office copier machines. Preferred fuser assemblies include cylindrical rolls having at least an outer surface of gold, a platinum group metal or alloys thereof. Electroscopic thermoplastic resin toner images are fused to a substrate by using a bare gold, a platinum group metal or alloys thereof fuser member coated with polymeric release agents having reactive functional groups for example, a mercapto-functional polysiloxane release fluid.

Abstract: To provide a substrate of aluminum with a dark surface layer of high absorption/emission ratio for luminous energy, the degreased and pickled substrate is immersed in a hot chromating bath until an oxide coating of not more than 2.5.mu. thickness is formed thereon. This coating is then colored black in a hot, acidic dyeing solution (pH between about 0.5 and 5) of potassium permanganate and a nitrate of cobalt or copper.

Abstract: Steel strip is first heated to a predetermined temperature suitable for imparting desired properties to the strip and is then immersed in an aqueous bath maintained at substantially its boiling temperature. The composition of the aqueous bath is preferably adjusted to ensure the formation of an oxide film on the entire surface of the strip. After the strip has been withdrawn from the bath, oxide is eliminated from at least part of the surface of the strip, e.g., from one or both faces, by removal of the oxide or by reduction of the oxide. Simultaneously or subsequently, the strip is heated to a given temperature, e.g., 420.degree.-550.degree. C., maintained at this temperature, and immersed at this temperature in molten zinc.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a zinc phosphate coating on a zinc surface comprises contacting the surface with an aqueous nitrate and ammonia-free solution containing zinc, phosphate, nickel or cobalt, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In a process for producing a chromium protective coating on a zinc/iron alloy surface the surface has applied thereto an aqueous composition including chromium, perchlorate and fluoride ions with the chromium ion being the only metal ion present before application to the surface.

Abstract: A method of producing coatings of copper alloys in hot-dip process on workpieces made of ferrous alloys comprising dipping the workpieces to be coated into baths of molten alloys of Cu with Si, Sn, Al, P, In, Ca, Be, having a temperature within the range of 700.degree.-1100.degree. C., with a single-stage or a two-stage movement, the workpieces then being held in the bath for from 15 seconds to 60 minutes and taken out of the bath and cooled at any desirable rate.

Abstract: Aluminum diffusion can be effected from continuous coatings of leafing-type aluminum particles and such leafing coatings in very thin layers are more effective than coatings of non-leafing aluminum, with or without diffusion. Other protective metals in flake or leaf form can be substituted for or added to the leafing aluminum. Adhesion of the flakes to the substrate is greatly improved and can be effected at lower temperatures if the flakes are applied from a dispersion containing a volatilizable halogen-type carrier or an ammonium chromate. The leafing coatings can be sprayed on from aqueous dispersion containing wetting agents and if desired a polyethylenetrtrafluoroethylene and/or mixtures of phosphoric acid, chromic acid and magnesium, aluminum, calcium or zinc salts of these acids.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously preheating and preparing a ferrous surface, prior to the depositing thereon of galvanized zinc coatings, replaces conventional fluxing techniques with the step of immersing a ferrous object in a bath of a molten salt or salts. The salts are chosen so that they are liquid at a temperature below that of the zinc coating step. The liquid acts as a non-fuming flux and preheat for the surface. Particular salts include metallic hydroxides and halides.

Abstract: Microcrystalline zinc phosphate coatings and compositions for their formation are provided, which can be applied to metals at low temperatures, the coating compositions containing as principal ingredients a specific balance of calcium and zinc together with phosphates, nitrates, and nitrites. Processes for preparing and using the coating compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces are imparted to non-conductive or dielectric substrates by an electroless coating process comprising coating the surface of the substrate with a hydrous oxide colloid of non-precious metal ions preferably selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and copper ions, reducing the selected metal ions to a reduced or zero valence state with a suitable reducing agent, and exposing the substrate to an electroless plating bath.

Abstract: In a continuous process wherein corrosion resistant and paint adherent coatings are formed on metallic articles and wherein prior to the formation of said coatings, the articles are first subjected to a pre-cleaning stage in which oil emulsion is removed from the surfaces of the articles by washing the articles with an aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier and the removed oil emulsion is broken and the oil recovered, and wherein the articles having the oil emulsion removed from their surfaces are thereafter subjected to a second cleaning stage in which the articles are contacted with a cleaning solution to remove metal fines from the surfaces of the articles, the improvement comprising including a chelating agent in said aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier to aid in breaking said oil emulsion and to deter or prevent the formation of precipitates in the cleaning solution of said second cleaning stage.

Abstract: The application discloses a mixture of high molecular weight hard resins, such as polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose nitrate with low molecular weight benzoic acid terminated polyesters having a glass transition temperature in the range of -30.degree. C. to 40.degree. C. and a molecular weight in the range of 500 to 1500. The hard polyesters of this invention are obtained by the use of small diols and hard dibasic acids in addition to termination of the chain by the hardening component benzoic acid. Saturated linear dicarboxylic acids are used for less than half of the acid monomer content, on a molar basis, since these are softening components. The polyesters are used to lower the melting point and improve the flow of the high molecular weight polymers without excessively plasticizing these high molecular weight polymers to the point where they are noticeably softened at use temperatures.

Abstract: Equipment used in a substantially water free, but corrosive environment is protected from corrosion by coating only certain welded parts thereof with a metal more base than the metal part coated.

Abstract: A process for protecting, preserving, and renewing surfaces, especially rubber and other natural and synthetic polymers, leather, wood, painted surfaces and metal. An aqueous emulsion of an unsubstituted or substituted dimethylpolysiloxane fluid, or mixtures thereof, is used to thoroughly wet the surface to be protected. After a period of penetration, preferably about twenty four hours, the surface is rewetted and allowed to penetrate as in the first application. At least one additional application and penetration gives optimum protection.A unique preservative composition preferred for use in the above process is also provided. In addition to a dimethylpolysiloxane fluid aqueous emulsion as above described, the preservative also includes, based on the weight of the polysiloxane fluid, of from about 15% to about 65% by weight of one or more polyol compounds, preferably diethylene glycol and glycerin.