Abstract: A pyrolysis method and system are provided that utilizes a hydrogen gas or steam in order to enhance the pyrolysis oils produced from recycled plastic wastes. More particularly, the disclosed pyrolysis method and system may be configured to co-feed a hydrogen gas or steam and various types of waste plastics, including post-customer and post-industrial wastes, into a pyrolysis unit and thereby produce desirable pyrolysis oils.

Abstract: A method is provided for inputting thermal energy into fluidic medium in a process or processes related to oil refining and/or petrochemical industries by at least one rotary apparatus comprising a casing with at least one inlet and at least one exit, a rotor comprising at least one row of rotor blades arranged over a circumference of a rotor hub mounted onto a rotor shaft, and a stator configured as an assembly of stationary vanes arranged at least upstream of the at least one row of rotor blades. In the method, an amount of thermal energy is imparted to a stream of fluidic medium directed along a flow path formed inside the casing between the inlet and the exit by virtue of a series of energy transformations occurring when said stream of fluidic medium passes through stationary and rotating components of said rotary apparatus, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrotreating a liquid oil stream such as pyrolysis oil stream by, in continuous operation, reacting the liquid oil stream with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-molybdenum (Ni—Mo) based catalyst at a temperature of 20-240° C., a pressure of 100-200 barg and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.1-1.1 h?1, and a hydrogen to liquid oil ratio, defined as the volume ratio of hydrogen to the flow of the liquid oil stream, of 1000-6000 NL/L thereby forming a stabilized liquid oil stream.

Abstract: Processes and systems for making recycle content hydrocarbons, including olefins, are provided that integrate a cracker unit with one or more other processing units. For example, in some cases, a pyrolysis unit and cracking unit may share a common energy exchange zone so that energy from one unit may be transferred to the other. The energy exchange may be direct or indirect and may be present at one or more locations between the units.

Abstract: A system for refining crude oil to minimize emissions of toxic compounds in the atmosphere during refining. The crude oil is treated with viscosity-reductant additives, reducing viscosity by up to 50% and increasing API gravity by more than 2 points. The method of spray-cracking and vacuum-flashing of crude oil, the system separates light and heavy end chains within the reactor. The vapor is condensed into designer fuels using a multi-stage horizontal reverse condensate-condenser or closed-loop distillation tower. Process heater directs flue gases through high-salinity fluids, such as a brine-processing device to capture, sequester, or mineralize the CO2, CO, NOx, and other contaminants from the flue gases. This results in a significant reduction in emissions, a further reduction to near-zero emissions (>95-98%) is achieved by the combination of (1) the closed loop processes, tank blanketing and capturing, sequestering and mineralizing emitted flue gases from the heater combustion-exhaust.

Abstract: Methods for controlling a biological manufacturing system include directing a light beam to pass through a wall of a vessel containing a first fluid generated by the biological manufacturing system, measuring an angle of refraction of the light beam in the first fluid, the angle of refraction corresponding to an angle between a propagation direction of the light beam in the first fluid and a normal to an interface between the vessel wall and the first fluid, determining information about the first fluid based on the measured angle of refraction, and adjusting a parameter of the biological manufacturing system based on the information about the first fluid.

Abstract: A process and system for reducing contaminants contained in a contaminated feedstock comprising mixing the contaminated feedstock with water and at least one of metal scavengers or reactants, to form a feedstock-water-reactant mixture, feeding the mixture under pressure into a hydrothermal purification reactor, wherein the mixture is subject to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions to cause rapid reaction of the inorganic contaminants with the metal scavengers or reactants to form inorganic salts that partition into an aqueous phase and maintaining the temperature, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions of the feedstock-water-reactant mixture for a predetermined space time to prevent the organic portion of the feedstock in the mixture from undergoing a conversion reaction and to form a hydrothermal reactor effluent; and separating the effluent into the aqueous phase containing salts of the inorganic contaminants and an organic phase that contains a lower concentration of inorganic contaminants than t

Abstract: Systems and method for upgrading pyrolysis oil to produce greater value aromatic compounds includes combining heavy pyrolysis oil and a diluent to produce the pyrolysis oil feed with least 30 wt. % multi-ring aromatic compounds boiling at greater than 360° C. The systems and methods include passing the pyrolysis oil feed to a fixed bed reactor having a hydrocracking catalyst that includes pellets having a particle size greater than or equal to 0.1 millimeter. The hydrocracking catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst that includes a binder and mixed metal oxide particles or a supported metal oxide catalyst that includes molybdenum oxide and nickel oxide supported on a catalyst support material comprising a large-pore alumina. The methods may further include contacting the pyrolysis oil feed with the hydrogen in the presence of the hydrocracking catalyst at reaction conditions in the fixed bed reactor to produce a reaction effluent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracker stream is combined with recycle content pyrolysis oil to form a combined cracker stream and the combined cracker stream is cracked in a cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent. The r-pyoil can be fed to the cracker feed. More specifically cracking the cracker feedstock in said cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent stream; wherein the hydrocarbon composition is predominantly ethane.

Abstract: In a process of producing ethylene and propylene from naphtha the process a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane and residual C4+ from a naphtha-to-ethane-and-propane reactor is fed to a dividing wall fractionation column.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of providing hydrogen having a defined carbon intensity (CI) value to an end user location, the process comprising: selecting a total end-to-end maximum CI value for the hydrogen from production to delivery of the hydrogen to an end user location; receiving one or more feedstocks; receiving product CI values associated with each feedstock and/or the produced hydrogen; receiving demand data defining the end user demand for the hydrogen; receiving renewable power data; defining, in an optimization model, a plurality of constraints; generating, using the optimization model, a control strategy for control of the one or more industrial plants; and controlling the industrial plants in accordance with the values of the control variables to process the one or more feedstocks in order to provide a required quantity of hydrogen meeting the selected total end-to-end maximum CI value for use by an end user.

Abstract: A solid bitumen pellet, including a mixture of bitumen and an additive, where the additive operates to increase the viscosity of the mixture. Optionally, the pellet includes a protective shell.

Abstract: The present invention provides new techniques related to magnetically controllable and/or steerable froth for use in separation processes of mineral-bearing ore and bitumen. Apparatus is provided featuring a processor configured to contain a fluidic medium having a material-of-interest and also having a surfactant with magnetic properties so as to cause the formation of a froth layer that contains at least some of the material-of-interest and is magnetically responsive; and a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field and provide non-mechanical mixing and steering/driving of the froth layer in the processor. The material-of-interest may be mineral-bearing ore particles or bitumen. The processor includes a flotation tank, a primary separation vessel (PSV), or a pipe, including a tailings pipeline.

Abstract: Methods of transporting hydrogen may include, at a first hydrocarbon processing facility, hydrogenating a C9+ aromatic compounds-containing stream to form a saturated cyclic C9+ containing effluent stream; transporting the saturated cyclic C9+ containing effluent stream to a second hydrocarbon processing facility; and at the second hydrocarbon processing facility, and passing the saturated cyclic C9+ containing effluent stream and a hydrotreated heavy naphtha stream to a catalytic reformer to form a reformate stream; and separating a hydrogen gas product stream from the reformate stream. The first hydrocarbon processing facility and the second hydrocarbon processing facility may be separated by at least 100 km.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a system for production and conditioning of high-quality biochar. The system comprises a gasification reactor adapted to transform biomass to syngas and biochar by a first thermochemical conversion and a biochar purification unit adapted to subject the biochar to a second thermochemical conversion and thereby prolonging conversion residence time. A first part of the biochar purification unit comprises a biochar inlet fluidly connected to the gasification reactor and a second part of the biochar purification unit, arranged downstream from the first part, comprises an inert gas inlet for purging the biochar within the biochar purification unit.

Abstract: A mat material having excellent holding power that is applied to a device or a structure used in a heated environment, and a pollution control device including the mat material. The holding material includes a mat-shaped main body having a first surface and a second surface, and an inorganic adhesive sheet disposed on at least one surface of the first and second surfaces of the main body, and includes an inorganic adhesive that exhibits adhesiveness when heated. The pollution control device includes a casing, a pollution control element disposed within the casing, and the mat material disposed between the casing and the pollution control element.

Abstract: According to embodiments a catalyst composition may include from 10 wt. % to 50 wt. % of matrix material, from 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of binder, and from 30 wt. % to 70 wt. % of a zeolite mixture. The zeolite mixture may comprise at least a first portion of zeolite and a second portion of zeolite. The first portion of zeolite may consist of zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ratio in a first range and the second portion of zeolite may consist of zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ratio in a second range. The silica to alumina molar ratio range of the first portion of zeolite and the silica to alumina molar ratio range of the second portion of zeolite do not overlap and may be separated by at least 5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing sulfides from liquid fossil fuel comprising mixing the liquid fossil fuel with an oxidizer and catalyst to form a multiphase reaction medium and producing a fluid flow of the multiphase reaction medium. Ultra sound may be applied to the multiphase reaction medium to cause oxidation of sulfides in the liquid fossil fuel to sulfones; and extracting the sulfones to yield an organic phase and aqueous phase. The ultra sound is performed by generating vibrations parallel to the fluid flow of the multiphase reaction medium. The organic phase substantially consists of desulfurized fuel.

Abstract: A method of reforming crude oil includes providing a heavy crude oil energy brick which includes an aggregate first part of heavy crude oil, an aggregate second part of one of fly ash, petroleum coke, and an aggregate having a carbon content of more than 10% by weight of the aggregate second part, a cement reacting agent of phosphoric acid, a metal-based cementing agent one of hematite and magnetite, a setting agent of one of iron oxide and elemental iron, and a working fluid. The method includes heating the energy brick to between of between 170° C. and 190° C. to remove surplus water and formed hydrates from the energy brick. The method further includes heating the energy brick to between 450° C. and 550° C. to catalytically crack and reform hydrocarbon molecules in the aggregate first part, and collecting the catalytically cracked and reformed hydrocarbon molecules as product.

Abstract: Diluents are provided for heavy oil treatment applications, in particular for treating bitumen. In some embodiments, the diluents comprise lignin, in particular technical lignin, and at least one strain of bacteria capable of biosurfactant production and/or a biosurfactant produced by at least one such isolated strain of bacteria.