Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to catalysts. In one aspect, a catalyst is a ZnxMy/zeolite catalyst, with ½?x/y?4, and M being a metal from a group Cr, Mo, and W. Zn is an oxide, M is an oxide, and there are at least some ZnMOx oxides.

Abstract: The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasma device (1) for treating body surfaces, comprising a main body (3) that can be held in the hand, on which a plasma source (5) is arranged, which is designed for generating a non-thermal plasma, and comprising a spacer which is designed to define, when installed, a distance between the plasma source (5) and a body surface to be treated, wherein the spacer (7) can be detachably connected to the main body (3) and/or to the plasma source (5), and wherein the plasma source (5) can be detachably connected to the main body (3).

Abstract: An impurity removal amount prediction method in chemical process is provided. The impurity removal amount prediction method in chemical process according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises making neural network models learn using data from a chemical process and predicting removal amounts of impurities removed in the chemical process using the learned neural network models. The impurities are included in the feed supplied to reactors of the chemical process and are removed by reacting with catalysts disposed in the reactors. The reactors include a first reactor and a second reactor arranged in parallel. The neural network models include a first neural network model applied to the first reactor and a second neural network model applied to the second reactor. The neural network models learn in the direction to minimize the difference between the output data of the first neural network model and the second neural network model.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking unit fractionator including a fractionator column, a bottom liquid section disposed at the bottom of the fractionator column, a slurry pumparound section disposed above the bottom liquid section in the fractionator column, a heavy cycle oil (HCO) pumparound section disposed above the slurry pumparound section, and a pumpdown liquid distributor disposed in the fractionator column between the slurry pumparound section and the HCO pumparound section. The slurry pumparound section including at least one slurry pumparound bed disposed in the fractionator column and at least one slurry pumparound liquid distributor, wherein the at least one slurry pumparound liquid distributor is disposed above the at least one slurry pumparound bed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydrocarbon fluid comprising 75 to 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 500 ppm by weight of aromatics relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 120 to 240° C. and a flash point lower than 90° C. The invention also concerns the use of the hydrocarbon fluid of the invention as solvent, for example in a paint, material coating, material treatment, sealant, polymerization, aerosol, cleaning or water treatment composition.

Abstract: Systems and processes for the treatment of a naphtha range hydrocarbon feedstock comprising sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, olefins, diolefins, and aromatics. The systems and processes are configured to treat the naphtha range hydrocarbon feedstock to convert the sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and olefins, diolefins while less than 2 wt % aromatics are hydrogenated, producing an olefin lean overheads fraction comprising less than 0.2 wt % olefins and less than 100 mg/kg sulfur and an aromatics rich fraction comprising less than 50 ppmw olefins, less than 0.5 ppmw sulfur and less than 0.5 ppmw nitrogen.

Abstract: Processes and systems for upgrading a hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the process for upgrading a hydrocarbon, can include contacting a gas that can include one or more C1-C4 hydrocarbons and carbonyl sulfide with a sorbent under conditions sufficient to cause at least a portion of the carbonyl sulfide to sorb onto the sorbent to produce a treated gas lean in carbonyl sulfide and a sorbent rich in carbonyl sulfide. The process can also include contacting the sorbent rich in carbonyl sulfide with a regenerating gas that can include molecular hydrogen, one or more C1-C4 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof to produce a regenerated sorbent and a desorb effluent that can include a sulfur-based contaminant. The process can also include introducing at least a portion of the desorb effluent into a pyrolysis zone of a steam cracker and recovering a steam cracker effluent from the pyrolysis zone.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is an improved and more flexible process for preparing a finished base oil or a white oil product comprising passing a dewaxed base oil product to a distillation column and separating the dewaxed base oil product into fuel and base oil product streams. The base oil product streams are tested to determine if they meet desired specifications. Base oil product streams that meet the desired minimum base oil specifications are passed to a hydrofinishing reactor to prepare a white oil product, or passed to direct sale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to internally profiled variable pitch tubes or pipes made of steel. The terms tube and pipe are used synonymously in the context of this invention. These tubes are used in the petrochemical industry to crack oil, gas and shale feedstocks into simple hydrocarbons such as ethylene and similar products.

Abstract: An apparatus including a radiant heating section and a flue gas stack; one or more process coils disposed within the radiant heating section; one or more fuel-fired burners disposed within the radiant heating section, the one or more fuel-fired burners configured for combusting a fuel and producing the combustion gas; one or more electrical heating elements disposed within the radiant heating section, the one or more electrical heating elements arranged to provide a second radiant energy to a lower elevation of the one or more process coils; and an internal baffle located at an elevation between the upper elevation and the lower elevation, the internal baffle arranged to provide shielding of the one or more electrical heating elements from flame and combustion gases from the one or more fuel-fired burners.

Abstract: Light olefins may be produced from hydrocarbons by a method including passing a hydrocarbon feed stream into one or more feed inlets of a reactor, with one or more co-feeds of steam, a recycle stream or oxygenates. The reactor may include an upper reactor portion defining an upper reaction zone and a lower reactor portion defining a lower reaction zone. The catalyst may move in a generally downward direction through the upper reactor portion and the lower reactor portion, and the hydrocarbon feed stream may move in a generally upward direction through the lower reactor portion and upper reactor portion such that the hydrocarbon feed stream and the catalyst move with a counter-current orientation. Contacting the catalyst with the hydrocarbon feed stream may crack one or more components of the hydrocarbon feed stream and form a hydrocarbon product stream.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon production apparatus includes a synthesis gas production unit structured to produce a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen by using carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a hydrocarbon production unit structured to produce a hydrocarbon by using the synthesis gas, and a first separator structured to separate a recycle gas containing a light hydrocarbon having 4 or less carbon atoms from an effluent from the hydrocarbon production unit. The synthesis gas production unit is structured to receive supply of the recycle gas and also use the recycle gas for production of the synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasification process of a solid carbonaceous material by catalysis in molten salts. A carbonaceous material is contacted, for a defined period in the presence of air with a first molten salt bath. The first molten salt bath includes at least one chloride type salt chosen from NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, FeCl2 and which has a melting point greater than or equal to 300° C., a density greater than 1 measured in the liquid state and at atmospheric pressure. The gases formed are recovered, and are contacted with a second molten salt bath optionally different from said first bath and, at the outlet of said second bath, the recovered gases are either stored optionally under pressure, or reinjected into said first bath or said second bath.

Abstract: A method for processing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide may include combining a hydrocarbon mixture with carbon dioxide to produce a reactant mixture, which may include at least 95 mol. % of the combination of the hydrocarbon mixture and the carbon dioxide. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to the hydrocarbon mixture in the reactant mixture may be from 0.01 to 100. The hydrocarbon mixture may include from 30 mol. % to 90 mol. % of propane, 5 mol. % to 50 mol. % of n-butane, and 5 mol. % to 50 mol. % of iso-butane. The method may also include contacting the reactant mixture with a catalyst in a reactor to produce a product mixture and passing the product mixture out of the reactor. The product mixture may include from 5 mol. % to 50 mol. % of one or more olefins, 1 mol. % to 25 mol. % of hydrogen gas, and 1 mol. % to 25 mol. % of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A process for making a mesophase pitch may include passing an aromatics-rich feed into a reactor and subjecting the aromatics-rich feed to a temperature of greater than or equal to 350° C. and a pressure of from 20 bar to 40 bar for a duration of from 4 hours to 10 hours in the reactor to produce the mesophase pitch. The total amount of molecular oxygen and peroxides in the reactor may be less than 1 mol. %. The aromatics-rich feed may include at least 80 wt. % aromatics and the aromatics-rich feed may include less than 3 wt. % of a combination of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Abstract: An assistant system for solution-phase synthesis is disclosed. The assistant system for solution-phase synthesis includes: a reactor (1), a mixing device (2), a temperature control device (3) and a host computer (4). The reactor (1) is arranged on the mixing device (2), the mixing device (2) and the temperature control device (3) are both electrically connected to the host computer (4), so as to implement programmed temperature control over the entire assistant system for solution-phase synthesis. A bottle body (15) of the reactor (1) is arranged to include a reaction inner container (151), a temperature circulating layer (152) and a vacuum layer (153) from inside to outside in sequence.

Abstract: A system for treating non-petroleum or renewable feedstocks containing oxygen and contaminants of one or more of metals, gums, and resins comprises a reactor having a heat source for heating an interior of the reactor. The reactor is configured to receive the feedstock at a flow velocity of from 20 ft/sec to 100 ft/sec within the interior to facilitate heating the feedstock to a temperature of from 700° F. to 1100° F. to form a reactor product. A heat exchanger is configured to cool the reactor product and a separator unit is configured to separate metals, water, and gases comprising C1 or greater hydrocarbons from the cooled reactor product to form a final product. A reformer unit is configured to receive at least a portion of the gases for converting the at least one of C1 or greater hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen gas from the C1 or greater hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A system for cracking hydrocarbons including a fired heater having a radiant section and a convective section. The radiant coil is disposed within the radiant section of the heater, the radiant coil having three to seven rows of tubes, wherein each row comprises two multi-pass tubes, and wherein the multi-pass tubes of the three to seven rows of tubes are collectively disposed symmetrically or pseudo symmetrically within the radiant section of the heater. The system further including a transfer line exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet tube of each of the three to seven rows of tubes.

Abstract: Proposed is a geological hydrogen productivity evaluation system. The system may include a gas injection device configured to inject a reactive gas, a water vapor collecting device configured to collect water vapor generated in the gas injection device when the gas is injected. The system may also include a main reacting device in which a reaction between a solvent and a rock sample, which are loaded into the inside thereof, is performed using the gas supplied from the gas injection device. The system may further include a discharging device through which reactants generated by the reaction in the main reacting device are discharged, and a collecting device configured to collect gas from reactants produced by the reaction by being connected to the discharging device. The system may capture hydrogen from a reactant produced by the reaction of the rock sample in the main reacting device, in the collecting device.