Abstract: A coding head for applying magnetic codes onto magnetizable layers of scales, graduations, angle encoders, transport belts and the like has a magnetic pole (10) about which a coil (12) is wound, the saturation induction of the magnetic pole being selected in dependence upon the coercive field strength of the magnetizable layer (18). In this case, the saturation induction (in Tesla) has a specified relationship to the coercive field strength (in kOe).

Abstract: An electrical actuator comprises a first actuator body (1) and a second actuator body (3). The first actuator body comprises two diametrically opposed magnetic poles (N) and (S). The second actuator body is made of a soft-magnetic material and comprises three inwardly directed radial teeth (19, 20 and 21). In order to obtain a maximal ratio between the delivered torque and the applied electric power, only two teeth (19 and 21) are provided with exciter coils (29 and 31). In order to minimize detent torques the three teeth are identical to each other and the first actuator body is suitably diametrically magnetized.

Abstract: The magnet roll of the present invention includes a shaft and a permanent magnet member fixed to the shaft, the permanent magnet member being composed of a hollow, cylindrical magnet body, and a magnetic pole piece fixed to a recess of the hollow, cylindrical magnet body, the hollow, cylindrical magnet body having a plurality of axially extending magnetic poles arranged circumferentially on the surface, the magnetic pole piece being provided with two magnetic poles having the same polarity for constituting a developing magnetic pole, and a thermally demagnetized portion being formed substantially at a center of the developing magnetic pole such that the permanent magnet member generates a magnetic flux density distribution having two peaks of the same polarity at a position of the developing magnetic pole.

Abstract: An apparatus that controls impact noise of a solenoid by energy dissipation through both resilient and pneumatic devices. This is achieved by providing a device between the plunger of the solenoid and a machine member. The device includes a predetermined number of orifices which are of different sizes and placed at different locations. This forms an air metering system and controls the stiffness of the device for maximum impact noise attenuation.

Abstract: A technique is provided for improving the homogeneity of the magnetic field within a cavity disposed inside a magnetic structure that has an opening to permit convenient access to an imaging region. The technique is based upon the step of inserting layers of magnetized material between plates of high magnetic permeability material. The layers are inserted at the boundary of the cavity. The technique includes the step of (1) computing the surface charges on the plates as used to derive the distribution of the magnetostatic potential, (2) analyzing the uniformity of the magnetic field within the imaging region as effected by the opening in the magnetic structure by expanding the magnetostatic potential in a spatial harmonic series, and (3) determining the geometry and the composition of the inserted layers based on the successive elimination of increasing orders of spatial harmonics in the potential expansion within the imaging region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting harmonics (multipoles) in high energy particle accelerators using superconducting magnets using a pattern of superconducting bands adjacent to the accelerator magnets. In such accelerators, superconducting coils are positioned around a non-magnetic beam tube with the magnetic coils designed to guide particles, such as protons, along the tube. Magnetic field non-uniformities in the form of multipole harmonics will disrupt the beam guidance, causing particles to hit the tube walls and be lost, reducing accelerator efficiency. The negative effects of multipoles (harmonics) in such accelerators can be reduced or eliminated by positioning a non-magnetic tube bearing a pattern of longitudinal superconducting bands, connected by circumferential band segments around the exterior of the helium vessel or other suitable surface near the magnet ends. The bands are formed from a superconductor having a critical temperature above the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: A coil configuration includes at least one superconducting coil having an associated coil surface and a conductor containing superconducting filaments and being wound substantially on the coil surface. The conductor has a longitudinal axis and has a respective transversal axis oriented approximately perpendicular to the coil surface at each point along the longitudinal axis. The conductor has a cross section being extended along the transversal axis at each of the points along the longitudinal axis. The conductor has two ends protruding from the at least one coil. At least one of the ends has a twist in the vicinity of the at least one coil. The transversal axis is approximately parallel to the coil surface downstream of the twist.

Abstract: A magnetic switch for recording the change in position of a magnetic field includes a first object on which is positioned a source of magnetic force for creating a magnetic field and a second object on which is positioned at least one type II superconducting medium. The type II superconducting medium exhibits a permanent magnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field, such that relative motion between the first object and the second object causes the magnetic field to induce a residual magnetization in the superconducting medium.

Abstract: A superconducting compact magnetic energy storage module in which a plurality of superconducting toroids, each having a toroidally wound superconducting winding inside a poloidally wound superconducting winding, are stacked so that the flow of electricity in each toroidally wound superconducting winding is in a direction opposite from the direction of electrical flow in other contiguous superconducting toroids. This allows for minimal magnetic pollution outside of the module.

Abstract: The magnet contains a magnetic yoke and two pole shoes between which a magnetic field of high homogeneity is formed. The pole shoes are provided with special pole piece device. Each pole piece device is spaced from a base part facing the yoke by a narrow correction air gap. In accordance with the invention, each pole piece device contains two plate-like pole piece elements which are parallel to each other and spaced apart by a gap of predetermined width. In this connection, the plate element facing the base part has a relative permeability (.mu..sub.r 1) which is smaller by at least a factor of 5 than the plate element facing the useful volume, the relative permeability (.mu..sub.r 2) of which element is at least 10,000.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet suitable for use in magnetic resonance imaging applications is disclosed. A plurality of driving coils are located around a cylindrical bore, for generating an axial magnetic field therein. At the ends of the magnet, within the same cryostat as the driving coils, first and second shielding coils are located, each carrying a current of opposite polarity relative to the driving coils. The location, size, and current in the coils are determined by a methodology in which the error between the desired field and the simulated field is minimized at target locations within the bore and outside of the bore. A flux return is disposed in the gap between the first and second shielding coils, so that the shielding coils inject return magnetic flux into the flux return. The flux return may be of iron, or may consist of a superconducting coil. The resulting magnet has relatively low superconductor cost as well as relatively low weight, due to the efficient use of both superconductor and iron.

Abstract: A coil structure of a pulse electromagnet designed to enable adjustment of the position at which a current supply cable is connected to current introducing terminals as well as to the adjustment of the attachment position of conductor rods for connecting return yoke members, thereby enabling the inductance of the coil to be easily changed.

Abstract: A shuntable low loss variable current vapor cooled lead (VCVCL) configuration delivers current to and from a superconductive load, such as a superconductive magnet, immersed in a cryogenic liquid in a way that minimizes the boil-off rate of the cryogenic liquid. The VCVCL configuration includes superconductive lead assemblies containing superconductive segments. The assemblies are connected in parallel between the superconductive load and an output current source or sink. Each assembly is controlled so that its superconducting segment is either superconducting or non-superconducting.

Abstract: In a starter, the pinion, which is rotated by torque of an electric motor, is slid axially by the plunger of an electromagnetic switch and is pushed against the engine ring gear by a conically coiled compression coil, which allows employment of a small electromagnetic switch. Further, in an electromagnetic switch in which the plunger confronted coaxially with the stationary iron core slidably supporting a rod with a movable contact is moved towards the stationary iron core by electromagnetic force, a conically coiled spring is interposed between the plunger and the stationary iron core in such a manner that the spring is substantially coaxial with the plunger and the iron core, so that the playing of the rod is prevented.

Abstract: The invention realizes a double type coil used as a slant coil to generate a slant magnetic field for MRI, and the double type coil has small impedance and short length in comparison with the prior art. According to the invention, current path patterns constituted by a current path in spiral shape and a plurality of current paths in horseshoe shape surrounding the spiral path are formed respectively on the double semi-cylinder surfaces having the axis commonly. Directions of spirals on the two cylinder surfaces are opposite to each other. In the plural horseshoe-shaped paths on the two cylinder surfaces, a circuit is opened at the end on the same side of the cylinder. These current paths are all connected in series over the two surfaces thereby one current path is formed.

Abstract: A tubular structure having a transverse magnetic field that varies in eit the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure has a working magnetic field space that is partially bounded by pole pieces that reduce the height of the working magnetic field space. A laterally varying magnetic field is formed within the tubular structure. In another embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure is comprised of sections made of a permanent magnetic material, each section having a different remanence. The adjacent sections, having different remanence, form a linear array resulting in a longitudinally varying magnetic field gradient within the working space. The present invention has many practical applications such as in magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: A voltage divider for high voltage vapor cooled leads for superconducting magnet systems. Power connections to large superconducting magnets often carry potentials in the range of 5 to 10 kilovolts. These leads penetrate the cryogenic cooling vessel surrounding the superconducting magnets. In order to avoid excessive heat leak paths that would be caused by conventional electrical insulation, the leads exiting the vessel pass through tubes cooled by boiling helium. Helium gas will break down at any distance in the potential exceeds about 2 kilovolts. Such a breakdown path exists since the vapor cooled lead is at very high potential and the helium source is at ground potential. The voltage divider provides a controlled gradient of the voltage so that no portion of the helium gas sees excessive potentials. The gas at high potential is directed through a series of conductive screens in a tube insulated from each other and connected by a resistive voltage divider.

Abstract: A cylindrically-symmetrical moving coil linear actuator utilizes axially-magnetized cylindrical magnets to provide flux-focused interleaved magnetic circuits. The moving coil linear actuator includes a cylindrical shell that has a closed end and open end. A magnetic core is disposed within the shell to define an annular air gap between the shell and the core. The core includes a first set of axially-magnetized cylindrical permanent magnets having a first direction of magnetization and disposed in proximity to the closed end of the shell. A second set of axially-magnetized cylindrically permanent magnets has a second direction of magnetization which is opposite of the first direction of magnetization and is disposed in proximity to the open end of the shell. A first ferro-magnetic pole piece is disposed between the first set of magnets and the second set of magnets. A second ferro-magnetic pole piece is disposed between the second set of magnets and the open end of the shell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnet configuration with permanent magnets (5, 6) around a yoke (2, 3, 4) connecting these permanent magnets (5, 6). The magnetic field strength of this magnet configuration is varied thereby that in the region of the yoke (2, 3, 4) at least one rotatable body (8) is provided which comprises at least two spatially separated materials (9, 10) with different magnetic properties.

Abstract: A magnetic field correction device for producing a uniform field within a coil includes non-magnetic tubes attached on a cylinder at specific circumferential angles .psi. to accommodate the non-magnetic tubes therein. Each of the magnetic shims consists of two rod members of predetermined lengths and transverse sectional area ratio. The end angles and the sectional area ratio A.sub.2 /A.sub.1 of the two rods satisfy specific relationships.