Abstract: A heavy duty-high pressure pneumatic radial tires are disclosed, which each comprise a main reinforcement consisting of a carcass having an up-and-down type toroid radial construction in which a plurality of plies composed of fiber cords arranged in parallel with one another are turned up around a pair of bead cords on the right and left or the tire while the cords are arranged at angles substnatially along radial planes of the tire, at least one ply including a ply to be brought into direct contact with the bead cords being turned up around each of the bead cores from the inside to the outside of the tire and at least one remaining ply being laminated upon the outer side of the turn-up portion formed by the turn-up end portion of said at least one ply, and a belt which surrounds a crown portion of the carcass and is composed of a plurality of layers of parallel organic fiber cords having at least 150 g/d or an initial modulus higher than that of the cords of the carcass while at least one belt layer is lamin

Abstract: A stable aqueous etchant for aluminum containing surfaces and method of etching such surfaces.

Abstract: A bias weave fabric wherein the weft elements (2) have a tensile modulus of at least 30,000 N/mm.sup.2 and the angle .alpha. between warp (3, 4) and weft (9) is between 10.degree. and 85.degree. whereas the packing factor (b/c) is between 30% and 90%. A process and apparatus for transforming a regular weave fabric (11) to a bias weave fabric is also covered whereby the regular fabric is guided in a zig zag path between a set of rollers (22a-22b) crosswisely arranged in a frame (20).

Abstract: A metal end fitting (13) is hermetically sealed to an end fin (4) of an insulator component (1) which includes an insulating rod (2) surrounded by fins (4) of vulcanized elastomer by coating at least one layer of rubber/metal gluing agent on the bottom portion (12) of the metal end fitting (13), then disposing an intermediate washer (10) of raw elastomer between the metal end fitting (13) and the end fin (4), fixing the end fitting (13) to the rod (2) in such a manner that the intermediate washer (10) ring is cmopressed between the end fin (4) and the bottom portion (12) of the end fitting (13), and then vulcanizing the washer (10).

Abstract: A depressed radial tire having an aspect ratio of 65% or less, wherein a carcass line (5) ranging from a part (A) under the edge of a belt (6) to a part (C) about the upper end of a bead core (4) comprises an upper arc (7) having the center inside the tire and a lower arc (8) having the center outside the tire; and the radius of curvature (R1) of the upper arc divided by the radius of curvature (R2) of the lower arc is less than 0.8, whereby riding comfort is improved at no sacrifice to the steering stability.

Abstract: A heavy-duty radial tire having a belt layer comprising at least four metallic cord layers of first, second, third, and fourth belts in that order from the carcass layer towards the tread. The first belt has a cord angle of 40.degree. to 75.degree. relative to the circumferential direction of the tire and is split into left and right portions provided on left and right shoulder portions, respectively, so as to provide a space in the central region of a crown portion provided with either at least one organic fiber cord layer having a total tensile strength per unit width of at least 240 kgf/cm and a cord angle of 0.degree. to 10.degree. or an inextensible fiber cord layer having a two-layer structure wherein the sum of the tensile moduli per unit width in the initial tension of all the cords is at least 1.3.times.10.sup.3 kgf/cm, the cord angle is larger than 0.degree. and two layers in the two-layer structure cross each other at an absolute angle smaller than the cord angle of the second and third belts.

Abstract: An improvement in the structure of the belt portion of a heavy duty radial tire for use in trucks, large-size buses, small-sized trucks, etc., and more particularly, a heavy duty pneumatic radial tire improved with respect to the driving stability under heavy duty conditions while ensuring the durability of the tire (belt portion) during high speed running through the provision of at least three belt layers between the tread surface and the carcass layer of the tire and the specification of the relationships between the angles of the cords constituting these plurality of belt layers.

Abstract: To provide good handling behavior for a motorcycle, the belt of the rear motorcycle tire has threads extending parallel to the equatorial plane and the slip angles of the tires as a function of the camber (slip angle .delta. as a function of camber angle .gamma.) are such that the difference: front slip angle .delta.2 minus rear slip angle .delta.1 as a function of camber angle .gamma. is an invariably increasing function of .gamma..

Abstract: A thin, membrane-like cylindrical rubber tire curing bladder is provided with reinforcing cords wound in parallel spiral paths at any composite angle to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. When installed on the centerpost mechanism of a tire curing press and inflated in the curing process, the bladder length increases due to partial and reversible straightening of the spirally wound cord reinforcement. This permits optimum fit of the bladder in the tire being cured with uniform controlled growth of the membrane. Longer service life of the bladder is thereby achieved. The bladder is a good heat conductor inherent to its thin matrix, unlike previously known curing bladders.

Abstract: A nonmetallic cable (20) having utility in an overlay ply (39) of a tire (10) comprises two yarns (21,22). One of the yarns (21,22) has a yarn twist of either zero or is twisted in a first direction. The other yarn (21,22) has a yarn twist that is not zero, but is twisted in a direction opposite to the direction of yarn twist in the first yarn (21,22). The cable (20) has a cable twist that is opposite in direction to the twist of the yarn (21,22) having the larger of the two yarn twists. The cable has an elongation of 4% when it is subjected to a force of not greater than 12 Newtons. A tire (10) having a belt structure (30) has an overlay (39) comprising said cables disposed radially outwardly of at least one of the belt plies (31-35).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disposable concrete forming apparatus. The apparatus includes an elongate, tubular and rigid form having at least one inner wall surface defining an enclosure in which concrete can be poured and allowed to harden. The apparatus further includes a flexible liner of predetermined thickness which lines the inner surface to preclude formation of form lines on the hardened concrete that correspond to markings on the inner wall surface of the rigid form. The flexible liner has at least one outside wall surface for each inner wall surface and is movable between a compressed position permitting insertion of the liner into the enclosure and a normal expanded position with the outside wall surface pressing against the inner wall surface of the rigid form. As a result, no gap is present between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface.

Abstract: An pneumatic radial tire for a passenger car having an improved durability, which tire has a carcass layer formed of aromatic plyamide cords in which an end portion of the carcass layer is turned up around an annular bead wire and a lower bead filler from the inside to the outside of the tire to form a turnup portion which is extended along the main body of the carcass layer, wherein an upper bead filler having a JIS hardness of from 75 to 95 is disposed axially outside the turnup portion, and wherein the height b (mm) of the lower bead filler relative to the height a (mm) of a rim flange upon which the tire is mounted satisfies the formula:(a-5)<b<(a+10)wherein a is the G dimension specified by JIS-D-4218-1981.

Abstract: By adjusting the AC field conditions, i.e., by grounding the environment of a substrate being etched with a chlorine-containing plasma, a significant increase in etch selectivity is achieved. By applying a similar AC field adjustment to the reaction chamber surfaces, excellent etch uniformity is achieved in conjunction with excellent selectivity.

Abstract: Aramid-reinforced elastomers, including rubber, in which the elastomer is reinforced with aramid in the form of short, discontinuous, fibrillated fibers, are disclosed. The fibers are composed of a trunk portion having a length of about 0.2-5 mm, a diameter of about 0.005-0.02 mm (5-20 micrometers), and an aspect ratio greater than 100, and numerous fibrils extending outwardly from the trunk and having diameters substantially smaller than the trunk diameter. The surface area of the fibers is from about 4 to about 20 square meters per gram, and is about 30 to 60 times the equivalent surface area of fibers in the form of rod having the same diameter distribution as that of the trunks of the fibers herein, but with no fibrils. The fibers are oriented. Incorporation of the fibers results in substantial increase in stiffness and modulus. Loading of aramid fibers is typically about 0.2-20 phr.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire (1) comprises a radial carcass (2), a tread portion (7) and a belt reinforcing structure (8) extending circumferentially around the carcass (2). Disposed radially outwardly of the belt reinforcing structure (8) is a textile reinforced overlay structure (9) having substantially circumferentially extending cords (10). The overlay structure (9) is composed of a series of helical convolutions of a textile ribbon (11) whereby adjacent helical convolutions of the textile ribbon (11) overlap. There is further disclosed a method of applying multiple layers of a single continuous helically wound textile ribbon (11) in a single continuous operation from one axial side to the other axial side of the belt reinforcing structure (8).

Abstract: A directional type pneumatic tire, one that must be mounted on vehicle wheels to rotate in a specified direction of wheel rotation, having circumferential or rotary imbalanced belt ply cord strength and rigidity and directionally strengthened resistance to torsional stress forces in forward operational mode, which tire has a tire crown area and a cord carcass; the tire tread having two tread shoulder areas, and wherein the tire cord carcass belt ply assembly includes at least one two-piece confluent ply of relatively narrow belt ply cord material including cords positioned at high rigidity bias angles and each two-piece confluent ply being inclined in one rotary direction; the cord angles of said narrow confluent belt ply pieces inclined at commercially equal but opposite bias angles from an area under one tread shoulder across the carcass crown extending significantly beyond the circumferential centerline of the tire carcass and terminating significantly short of the area under the other tread shoulder.

Abstract: A radial ply tire including a tread reinforcing breaker package comprising at least one ply of tire breaker fabric characterized in that the cords in both edge regions of the single radially outermost ply of the breaker package are inclined to the circumferential centerline of the breaker package at opposite acute angles so that the cords in said edge regions are in relative "V" shaped formation and the tire is marked by a directional marker pointing in the opposite direction of the "V" formation so that the tire may be fitted to a vehicle with the marker in the direction of rotation for a non-driven wheel and in the opposite direction for a driven wheel so that the greatest torque forces are applied to the breaker ply in the direction of the "V" formation.The outermost ply may be side by side strips or cord laid in a "V" formation.

Abstract: A method for prepressing an assembly of stacked, superimposed glass and plastic sheets for subsequent autoclave lamination to provide a glazing. The apparatus includes a frame positioned between a delivery conveyor and a discharge conveyor and carrying prepress and support rollers. An assembly arrives on the delivery conveyor and is aligned and rotated ninety degrees before entry into the frame. The prepress rollers are rotatably mounted in pairs and attached to air cylinders which retract the rollers during entry to clear a vacuum ring which extends about the peripheral edge of the assembly such that a vacuum can be drawn on the assembly during the application of pressure and then extend the rollers into contact with an upper surface of the assembly to apply pressure thereto. The assembly is supported from its bottom side by the support rollers which are rotatably attached to the frame are located on either side of a plurality of drive rollers which are rotatably attached to the frame in pairs.

Abstract: A radial tire comprising a pair of belt layer provided on a tread portion, a narrow reinforcing covers covering each of the edge portions of the belt layer, and a wide reinforcing cover provided on the narrow reinforcing covers so as to cover the full width of the belt layer, wherein the wide reinforcing cover has a multi-layer structure formed by winding a sheet in the circumferential direction of the tire so as to cause each successive layer to be put on top of a preceding layer.

Abstract: A stiffening ply intended for use in an article, particularly a pneumatic tire, is characterized by the fact that the ply is formed at least in part of a fabric having the following properties:(a) the fabric has a three-dimensional body and stiffening threads;(b) substantially all the voids in the fabric are capable of being filled by a material which forms part of the structure of the article;(c) the fabric has two main faces connected by two side faces;(d) the cross section of the fabric has a width which varies from one main face to the other.