Abstract: A compound multi effect distillation (MED) system of integrated backward and forward fed MED systems. Heated concentrate from the hottest effect of the backward fed MED system is delivered as feed to the hottest effect in the forward fed MED system, to generate a more concentrated brine than possible using any of the systems alone. Furthermore, coupling the systems creates additional operational advantages and increases distillation efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted.

Abstract: An improved method of operating a conventional ebullated bed process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks so as to provide for low or reduced sediment content in the conversion product without the loss of hydrodesulfurization function.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to steam generation through the efficient harvesting of solar energy. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to bilayered structures that are cost-effective, scalable and/or biodegradable that provide high steam-generation efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for hydrocracking at least one hydrocarbon feed in which at least 50% by weight of the compounds have an initial boiling point of more than 300° C. and a final boiling point of less than 540° C. using at least one catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIB and/or at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic classification of the elements and a support comprising at least one zeolite containing at least one series of channels the opening of which is defined by a ring containing 12 oxygen atoms (12MR), and at least one binder, said support being prepared from a highly dispersible alumina gel, said hydrocracking process being operated at a temperature in the range 200° C. to 480° C.

Abstract: Techniques for processing residuum include receiving a feed stream that includes a residuum hydrocarbon fraction at an ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor; contacting the residuum hydrocarbon fraction with hydrogen and a hydroconversion catalyst in the ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor to produce a partially converted reactor effluent product; separating, in a first separation zone, the partially converted reactor effluent product into a distillate stream and a heavy hydrocarbon stream; feeding the distillate stream to a bottom portion of an integrated hydrocracking/hydrofinishing reactor; and feeding the heavy hydrocarbon stream to a top portion of the hydrofinishing reactor.

Abstract: Method for starting up a method for producing kerosene and diesel fuel from hydrocarbon compounds produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The start-up method employs catalytic reaction of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a synthesis gas for producing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a light hydrocarbon fraction, a reduction (RE) reducing a hydrotreatment catalyst by ensuring contact with a gas comprising hydrogen, bringing the heavy hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst (DM). During the step for ensuring contact, the temperature (TEMP) of the catalyst is increased to a temperature of between 260° C. and 360° C. Then, (TR) bringing a mixture comprising the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the light hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst is carried out.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling bitumen recovery from an oil sands ore body in a bitumen extraction process by establishing and using a predictive ore processability model that accounts for multiple ore characteristics in planning ore deliveries from different locations of the ore body to produce a blended ore feedstock.

Abstract: Systems and processes for hydrotreating, splitting, and extracting a gasoil feed to produce a saturate-rich feedstock for olefin pyrolysis are provided. A gasoil feed is provided to a hydrotreating section to produce an ultralow sulfur distillate (ULSD) stream. The ULSD stream is provided to a splitter section to produce a light distillate stream and a heavy bottom stream. The light distillate stream is provided to an extraction section to produce an aromatic-rich extract phase and a saturate-rich raffinate phase. The raffinate phase is mixed with the heavy bottom stream to produce an olefin pyrolysis feedstock having a reduced BMCI as compared to the gasoil feed stream and the ULSD stream.

Abstract: An ebullated bed process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks that provides for high conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon with a low sediment yield. The process uses for its catalyst bed an impregnated shaped ebullated bed catalyst having a low macroporosity and a geometry such that its characteristic cross section perimeter-to-cross sectional area is within a specifically defined range.

Abstract: The invention is an integrated process for treating residual oil of a hydrocarbon feedstock. The oil is first subjected to hydrodemetallization and then gas phase oxidative desulfurization. Additional, optional steps including hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking, may also be incorporated in to the integrated process.

Abstract: A distillation system having a plurality of chambers, an input conduit connected to each chamber to deliver an aqueous fluid to each chamber; a pressure reducing valve connected to the input conduit; a waste output conduit connected to a waste collection compartment of each chamber; and condensate output conduit connected to a condensate collection compartment of each chamber. An evaporation wall of each chamber is constructed to maintain an evaporation surface temperature that is greater than a condensation surface temperature of a condensation wall of each chamber. The aqueous fluid forms a fluid coating, which moves down the evaporation wall. A saturation pressure differential is created as water from the aqueous fluid evaporates from the evaporation wall and condenses on the condensation wall forming an aqueous condensate, which moves down the condensation wall and is collected as an aqueous distillate in the condensate collecting compartment.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a feed stream into product streams. The apparatus includes an upper section, a middle section, and a lower section. The middle section has a dividing wall separating it into two portions. A liquid barrier blocks the flow of liquid from the upper section into the middle section and allows vapor to flow from the middle section to the upper section. A vapor and liquid barrier blocks both the flow of both vapor from the lower section to the middle section and the flow of liquid from the middle section to the lower section. Vapor conduits allow vapor to flow from the lower section to each of the middle portions in varying amounts. Also processes for separating a feed stream.

Abstract: A method for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method includes contacting a liquid fuel with a quantum dot hybrid catalyst including metal sulfide quantum dots intercalated over graphene oxide layers in a reactor vessel, heating the reactor vessel to a temperature between 25° C. and 200° C., and reducing sulfur content of the liquid fuel with a sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. Reducing the sulfur content of the liquid fuel with the sulfur reduction amount of more than 95% wt. includes producing sulfone and sulfoxide compounds by oxidizing the liquid fuel with ozone gas in the presence of the quantum dot hybrid catalyst at the temperature between 25° C. and 200° C., and separating the sulfone and sulfoxide compounds from the liquid fuel by extracting the sulfone and sulfoxide with an extraction solvent.

Abstract: A system for water dispensing. The system includes a housing comprising a first and second portion; a water vapor distillation apparatus housed in the first portion of the housing, the water vapor distillation apparatus producing a distilled water product; at least one storage tank housed in the second portion of the housing and fluidly connected to the water vapor distillation apparatus; at least one pump housed in the second portion of the housing and fluidly connected to the at least one storage tank; and at least one appliance located outside of the housing and fluidly connected to the at least one pump, wherein the distilled water product is stored in the at least one storage tank and the pump pumps water from the at least one storage tank to the at least one appliance.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing olefins and aromatics are provided. Methods can include removing silica from the coker naphtha feedstock to produce a first effluent, hydrogenating the first effluent to produce a second effluent, reacting the second effluent to produce a third effluent comprising aromatics, a fourth effluent comprising olefins, and a fifth effluent, separating the fourth effluent to produce a propylene product stream, an ethylene product stream, and a sixth effluent, recycling the sixth effluent by combining it with the second effluent.

Abstract: A water-harvesting system can operate with a material that can take up and release water with minimum energy requirements and powered by low-grade energy sources, such as sunlight, in order to potentially allow its deployment into households, especially those located in sunny regions. A water-harvesting method and system can include vapor adsorption using a porous metal-organic framework. In certain embodiments, the porous metal-organic framework can include metal-organic framework in ambient air with low relative humidity, typical of the levels found in most dry regions of the world.

Abstract: Turbine fuel provided for large-scale land based turbines used by utilities for producing electricity and desalinated water, and for large mobile engines and turbines in marine and remote applications where only liquid fuels are available. Use results in less corrosion, ash formation and emissions (NOx, SOx, CO2 and noxious metals) than firing contaminated heavy crude, refinery residual oils or high sulfur fuel oils. Manufacture is by decontaminating crude oils, non-conventional crudes, and other highly contaminated feeds. Each fuel is produced as a single product of unit operations, not ex-plant blend of various refinery products, yet using an apparatus configuration less complex than conventional crude oil refining. These fuels can be fired by advanced high efficiency turbines of combined cycle power plants having hot flow paths and heat recovery steam generation systems susceptible to corrosion, which systems cannot otherwise risk contaminated heavy crudes or refinery residual oils feeds.

Abstract: Liquid purification methods and apparatus are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a frame to define an interior space, the frame having an inner surface in contact with air of the interior space; a barrier positioned between a body of liquid and the interior space; and an absorber suspended from the frame to transfer liquid from the body of liquid into the interior space via an opening in the barrier.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system that performs low-temperature desalination. During operation, the system feeds cold saline water through a liquid-cooling system in a computer data center, wherein the cold saline water is used as a coolant, thereby causing the cold saline water to become heated saline water. Next, the system feeds the heated saline water into a vacuum evaporator comprising a water column having a headspace, which is under a negative pressure due to gravity pulling on the heated saline water in the water column. This negative pressure facilitates evaporation of the heated saline water to form water vapor. Finally, the system directs the water vapor through a condenser, which condenses the water vapor to produce desalinated water.