Abstract: An electrostatographic printing system is disclosed as having a document supporting drum and an optical means for scanning a document for exposing the same to a moving photoreceptor belt. The belt and the drum have their surfaces moved in synchronism by a motor drive for each and including a control system devised to sense the relative velocities of the compared velocities of the belt and drum surfaces and to produce a correction signal for one of the motor drives.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic recording apparatus comprising a pair of toner containers for accommodating a toner, a photosensitive member constituted by a transparent substratum, a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer, a light irradiating means for irradiating this photosensitive member with light such as a laser beam from the transparent substratum side (rear surface side) thereof, and a transfering means. With this apparatus, an area required for the photosensitive device can be made small, a long durable life of the photosensitive member can be ensured, and no special toner is required.

Abstract: A device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an imaging surface using electrically insulating and magnetically attractable toner particles includes a developing sleeve and a doctor blade for forming a film of toner particles on the sleeve. In one form, the doctor blade has an end surface which is inclined at an angle in the range 15.degree..+-.15.degree. with respect to the tangential plane defined at the point of contact where the tip end of the doctor blade meets with the sleeve surface, and this angle converges in the direction of the sleeve's direction of movement.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus having a semiautomatic document supplying and discharging device and a sorter, in addition to its main body. The main body of the apparatus includes a rotatable photosensitive member, means for forming a latent electrostatic image on the photosensitive member, a developer, a transfer unit, a conveying unit for conveying a copying paper, a cleaner and a heat fixing device. Various improvements have been made in the manner of controlling cleaning, the manner of controlling the delivery of a copying paper, the manner of controlling troubleshooting and display, the manner of controlling interrupting of copying, the manner of controlling heating, and the manner of distributing electric power.

Abstract: In a charging and exposure section of an electrophotographic apparatus, a charging mask defining a charge area of an electrophotosensitive member charged by a charging unit is formed with a cut-out portion which is not exposed through an objective lens focusing the image of a picture carried by an original onto the electrophotosensitive member, so as to form a retrieval mark on a portion of the electrophotosensitive member. This retrieval mark is utilized for judging the condition of exposure on the electrophotosensitive member or for facilitating the picture image quality control.

Abstract: In a recording apparatus, a recording paper is separated from an image retaining member after the transfer of a toner image onto the recording paper by generating an a.c. corona discharge so as to eliminate or reduce electrostatic forces generated between the image retaining member and the recording paper. An insulator is arranged between the separating electrode and the recording paper during the a.c. corona discharge so as to moderate the sharpness of the spatial distribution of the corona discharge current.

Abstract: An electrostatic reproducing apparatus wherein a toner image formed on a toner image retaining member in the form of a belt is transferred to and fixed on a transfer material through an intermediate transfer member in the form of a roll. The intermediate transfer member is formed by providing a thin transfer layer on the outer periphery of a metal roll. The belt comprises an elastic material layer. A transfer pressure roller for pressing the back surface of the belt contacts with the intermediate transfer member, and the surface of the transfer pressure roll is covered with an elastic body.

Abstract: A brush cleaning device for electrophotographic reproducing apparatus of the type wherein a fur brush is contacted against an image receptor for removing magnetic toner remaining thereon, comprises a nonmagnetic cylindrical sleeve disposed near the fur brush, and a magnetic member disposed inside the cylindrical sleeve to attract the toner onto the surface of the sleeve. At least one of the cylindrical sleeve and the magnetic member is made to rotate, and the cylindrical sleeve is formed with a spiral projection on its surface. A flicker member for dispersing magnetic toner removed from the image receptor onto the cylindrical sleeve is provided. A cleaning member is arranged at the downstream end portion of the cylindrical sleeve for cleaning magnetic toner carried on the cylindrical sleeve by the spiral projection.

Abstract: A cleaning system for an electrostatic copying apparatus has a cleaning roller in pressure contact with a toner supporting member for removing residual toner therefrom. The cleaning roller is impressed with a bias voltage of polarity opposite to the electric charge held by the residual toner. The cleaning roller comprises an axle, a conductive elastic layer around the axle, and a thin porous film formed as an outer most layer over the elastic layer. The thin film is preferably made of polytetrafluorethylene and is a porous and soft film. The cleaning system also includes a discharging electrode arranged before the cleaning roller, and a scraper for removing toner adhering to the cleaning roller.

Abstract: An original conveying apparatus is provided for use in a copying machine having a moving original receptacle which permits a copying from either a sheet original or a thick material. A thick material receptacle is integrally formed with a sheet original drive. A sheet original is conveyed by the sheet original drive while the receptacle is maintained at its home position. A thick material is conveyed by a reciprocatory movement of the receptacle from its home position, without previously changing its position. The sheet original drive can be smoothly engaged with or disengaged from a transmission system.

Abstract: A blade cleaner for removing toner from a charge-retentive surface. The cleaner is characterized by the provision of a powder cloud preventing shield which together with the blade forms a cavity for trapping toner removed from the surface to thereby create a pile of toner at the cleaning edge of the blade which prevents powder clouding.

Abstract: An electrophotographic reversal-developing apparatus according to this invention comprises first means for determining the temperature and humidity of the surroundings in which an electrophotosensitive material is put; and second means responsive to the so determined temperature and humidity of the surroundings for controlling a biase voltage to be applied to a one-component toner, thereby preventing any fog from appearing in a reversal-developed photographic image.

Abstract: A method of controlling an image density in electrophotography by controlling at least one of various image density parameters in response to values detected from different pattern areas, the image density parameters including an amount of charge deposited on a photoconductive element by a charger, bias voltage for development, toner concentration in a developer, amount of toner supply to a developing unit and image transfer potential. The method forms at least two pattern areas having different potentials on the surface of the photoconductive element by at least one of various means for forming charge patterns which include controlling the energization of the charger, controlling an illumination lamp and projecting an image pattern.

Abstract: A plurality of constituent electrostatic color-separation images are produced in sequence for subsequent toner-development and superimposition and at least one developed constituent image is used to color-correct a succeeding constituent image which is not yet developed. Apparatus and method embodiments described herein utilize light which is diffusely-reflected from toner on a developed photoconductor image sector to expose in register, and thus color-correct, an undeveloped electrostatic image on another photoconductor sector. Such auxiliary "scatter-masking" exposures can be predeterminedly or selectively adjusted in tone scale.

Abstract: Electrophotographic image transfer apparatus wherein a toner image on an image-donating element, e.g., previously uniformly charged and image-wise exposed photoconductor sheet, is transferred to a receptor element. Exact parallelism between both elements during such passage through a toner transfer zone is obtained by fitting one element onto a rotatable cylindrical member, fitting the other element to a flat holder that is carried tangentially of the cylindrical member, mounting the flat holder for balancing about a pivot axis which runs parallel with the direction of holder movement, providing two laterally spaced spacing strips to control the gap between the two elements, and biasing the flat holder towards the cylindrical supporting member with the spacer strips therebetween.The apparatus is principally intended for producing large-size lithographic aluminum printing plates.

Abstract: A magnet brush cleaning apparatus for removing a toner which has been left non-transferred on the surface of a photoconductive element. The residual toner is attracted by and supported on a rotary sleeve on which a magnetic carrier forms a magnet brush. The magnetic carrier separated from the magnet brush and the residual toner are separated from each other by an electrode which is disposed in a circulatory carrier supply path in order to develop an intense electric field. The thus separated carrier is returned to the sleeve. The electrode may take the form of a roller, a plate or a wire. The residual toner on the photoconductive element has its amount of charge reduced in advance by a discharging unit. A substantial amount of the residual toner is scraped off the photoconductive element by a fur brush. A desired amount of the carrier is discharged and replenished automatically in response to lowering of the cleaning ability of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for softening and displacing electrically insulative material on a portion of the surface of an electrographic imaging web by heat and pressure to effect electrical contact (e.g. grounding) with an isolated conductive layer thereof. One apparatus embodiment maintains a constant tension in the web which urges the insulative material into pressure contact with flanges on each end of a heated aluminum roller. The roller makes electrical contact with a conductive layer of the web when the softened insulative material is displaced from between the roller and the conductive layer. Means for protecting the center of the web from the heat supplied to the roller and means for preventing a buildup of insulative material on the flanges of the roller are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic reproducing machine wherein an integrally formed dish-like housing for an exposure optical system is mounted onto a machine frame which accommodates therein a plurality of process units for reproducing and is opened upward, and a document glass plate is mounted at the top portion of the housing for the exposure optical system through glass mounting plates. The housing accommodates therein a slit plate for scanning of an exposure lamp, a projection lens, which is formed in its peripheral walls with vent holes for promoting ventilation within the machine and which has at its bottom portion a shield bottom wall serving as also a heat insulating plate. Guide rail surfaces for guiding movable mounts of the optical system are formed on both side walls of the housing opposite to each other.

Abstract: In an automatic document handling system for recirculating a set of document sheets seriatim in a page order to and from the imaging station of a copier for making precollated copy sheet sets, wherein the document handling system has a control system and two document trays, the improvement for higher speed document recirculation for copying on a copier having a high copying rate comprising: an automatic document sheet separating system controlled by said control means for automatically, during the first circulation of the set of document sheets, separating the set of document sheets into two half-sets of alternate page document sheets, odd and even, and restacking the half-sets respectively in the two document trays, and an automatic alternate document sheet cooperative feeding system actuated automatically by the control means on the second and subsequent copying circulations of the document set to feed document sheets alternately and overlapping in time from the two document sheet half-sets in the two docum

Abstract: The invention relates an Al-stabilized superconducting wire for use in a superconducting magnet used in a charging magnetic field, such as a pulse magnet and the like, and particularly to an Al-stabilized superconducting wire having the properties of reduced size and light weight, high current density, high stability, low AC loss, etc., and a method for producing the same. The said Al-stabilized superconducting wire has a core chosen from a superconducting elementary wire, an electrically insulated Cu or a Cu alloy, or a nonmagnetic metal or alloys thereof, and wherein the superconducting elementary wires and high purity Al wires are alternately stranded around said core. The stranded cable is bonded by impregnating it with solder, or further by subjecting it to a reduction process and heat treatment thereby making it possible to obtain an aluminum stabilized superconducting wire having said high properties.