Abstract: Fluff pulp with improved defibration properties is produced by exposing the pulp to an enzyme treatment at any stage during the pulp production process. The enzyme treatment may be carried out using an enzyme preparation containing cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic activity. The enzyme treated fluff pulp is useful in the manufacture of disposable hygiene products and air-laid products.

Abstract: A method of making an optical waveguide fiber with a fatigue resistant TiO.sub.2 -SiO.sub.2 outer cladding, and a substantially glass blank for drawing into optical fiber, wherein a glass soot TiO.sub.2 -SiO.sub.2 outermost layer, with an initial TiO.sub.2 concentration greater than 10.5 wt. %, is deposited on a preform, and the preform is exposed to an atmosphere of chlorine at a high temperature, and the resulting TiO.sub.2 concentration in the outermost layer of the TiO.sub.2 -SiO.sub.2 outer cladding of the substantially glass blank is less than the initial TiO.sub.2 concentration. In the glass blank form, the outermost layer includes a substantial volume percentage of crystalline phases and in the fiber form, the outermost layer includes inhomogeneities.

Abstract: A method of processing pulp laps and a soluble strap material for holding such laps in a bale are disclosed. In accordance with the method the laps are maintained in the configuration of the bale by soluble straps comprised of PVA and are immersed in a pulping bath while still confined by the straps. The straps rupture and dissolve in the pulping bath releasing the paper laps. The straps are formed to maximize exposure of the PVA increments to the pulping bath to accelerate dissolving and may incorporate fillers of pulpable material to maintain the PVA increments in a separated condition.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for spraying a liquid, such as a low-solids flux, onto a substrate (12), during its transit along a first path (15), comprises a spray gun (38) directed at the substrate. The gun (38) is carried by a carriage (34) reciprocated by a traversing mechanism (42,44,46) which reciprocates the gun back and forth along a second path (30) generally perpendicular to the first path (15). The spray gun (38) is reciprocated such that its spray pattern during each pass slightly overlaps the pattern made during the previous pass, thereby achieving substantially uniform liquid coating on the substrate. Each time the gun (38) reaches an end of its travel, its tip (39) is advantageously cleaned automatically by a brush (84) wetted by a solvent to avoid tip clogging.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a black matrix-type phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube is disclosed, which includes a carbon coating nozzle for coating a carbon slurry on a cathode ray tube panel, a tank for containing the carbon slurry, a supplying system for supplying the carbon slurry from the carbon slurry tank into the carbon coating nozzle and a collecting system for collecting excess carbon slurry produced from the carbon coating nozzle back into the carbon slurry tank, and a carbon slurry regenerating device using an ion-exchange resin is provided. The regenerating device can be placed in at least one of the supplying system, the collecting system and the carbon slurry tank.

Abstract: Apparatus for holding an object, for example, an ovoid object such as an egg to enable a pattern to be applied to the object. The apparatus comprises holding means to hold the object for rotation about an axis thereof and rotating means to rotate the object about said axis. As the object is being rotated a pattern can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for protecting a fixture during treatment of the surface on which the fixture is mounted. The fixture itself includes internal elements mounted behind the surface and at least one surface element which is exposed at the surface. The fixture also would normally include a fixture cover mounted on the fixture to cover the internal elements of the fixture and to cover a portion of the surface around the periphery of the fixture, while permitting the surface elements of the fixture to be exposed. In order to protect such a fixture, a protective cover is provided for temporarily replacing the fixture cover during the treatment of the surface. The protective cover includes a portion to cover the internal elements of the fixture to protect them from the surface treatment and a portion to cover the surface elements of the fixture to also protect them from the surface treatment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing readily machinable high strength glass ceramics includes the steps of: preparing a powder mixture by mixing glass powders 1 and 2, each having a predetermined composition, with each other; and producing a calcined product by granulating, molding, and heating the powder mixture. This method makes it possible to obtain readily machinable high strength glass ceramics of a novel composition, which exhibit a heat resistance of not less than 1000.degree. C., which excel in mechanical strength and electrical insulation performance, and which allow precision machined parts and large-sized products to be produced with ease.

Abstract: A crystallized glass having natural-marble-like surface patterns comprising 45 to 75 wt. % of SiO.sub.2, 1 to 25 wt. % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1 to 20 wt. % of CaO, 0.5 to 17 wt. % of MgO, 0.1 to 18 wt. % of BaO, 0 to 18 wt. % of ZnO, 1 to 15 wt. % of Na.sub.2 O, 0 to 7 wt. % of K.sub.2 O, 0 to 5 wt. % of Li.sub.2 O, 0 to 10 wt. % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 10 wt. % of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0 to 1 wt. % of As.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0 to 1 wt. % of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, substantially free from nucleating agent, in which diopside type crystals are precipitated, and a method of producing the crystallized glass are disclosed.

Abstract: A gel casting method and apparatus are used to cause a pre-gelled liquid mixture to gel sequentially in a given travelling direction, allowing still-liquid material to flow to the gelling front, replacing volume lost due to shrinkage during the change of state from a liquid to a gel. The differential gelling method provides stress-free gels free of voids common to highly stressed gels, and the method is applicable to column and slab gels, and particularly to capillary columns and very thin slab gels.

Abstract: Method including painting a water-based paint onto an article to obtain a water-based paint coat, initially predrying the water-based paint coat by heating with far infrared rays, further predrying the water-based coat by heating with hot air, and thereafter painting either water-based paint or oil-based paint on top of the water-based paint coat. The article can be forcibly cooled with cold air after the further predrying step. The apparatus includes a front-stage paint booth for painting therein a water-based paint to obtain the water-based paint coat, a first predrying chamber in line with and after the front-stage paint booth and having devices for heating with far infrared rays, a second predrying chamber in line with and after the first predrying chamber and having devices for heating with hot air, and a rear-stage paint booth in line with and after the second predrying chamber for painting therein either the water-based paint or the oil-based paint.

Abstract: Oxidized weak black liquor or effluents from alkaline bleaching stages, particularly oxygen delignification and/or ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide bleaching effluents are treated in process stages which include an electrolytic cell to recover NaOH, lignin, O.sub.2, H.sub.2 and to achieve other important benefits, the most important of these are (i) to unload the evaporator-recovery furnace and lime-kiln causticizing plant, and (ii) to enable a mill to implement low- or no-chlorine bleaching techniques without overloading their recovery furnace and/or lime kiln or requiring a new, larger recovery system, the electrolytic treatment can be carried out with one or a combination of the above types of effluents; it is also possible to increase the conductivity if required and thus the efficiency of the electrolytic cells and the yield/production of NaOH by the introduction of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for use in a batch digesting process to quantitatively displace fluids in the digester by pumping into the digester under pressure a first volume of displacing fluid at the upper end and a second volume of displacing fluid at the lower end of the digester. Displaced fluids are collected and removed from the digester near the midline between the top and the bottom of the digester.

Abstract: A batch process and mechanism for cooking fibrous paper pulb including a digester wherein the pulp is cooked under elevated temperatures and pressures for a predetermined time, a discharge line leading from the lower end of the digester to a blow tank, a valve in the discharge line and cycling means connected to the valve cyclically opening and closing the valve while the contents are emptied from the digester.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a blank mold in a glass receptacle forming machine which can adjust the amount of cooling air to be supplied to a blank mold. The apparatus for cooling a blank mold includes a blank mold for forming a glass receptacle, a plurality of passages for cooling air provided in the circumferential wall of the blank mold and piercing through the circumferential wall in a vertical direction. The apparatus further includes a plenum chamber provided adjacent to said passages for temporarily storing cooling air to be supplied to the passages and having at least one inner partition wall therein to define a plurality of cavities and a damper device provided in or adjacent to the plenum chamber for adjusting the amount of cooling air to be supplied to the cavities and having at least one damper, wherein opening degree of the damper is variable so as to adjust the amount of cooling air to be supplied to the passages through the cavities.

Abstract: An arrangement for optical measuring concentration of substances has a measuring space which is composed of a material selectively permeable for particles to be measured, acting back on the particles and transparent for a measuring radiation, and a measuring space is arranged in working connection with the object to be measured and the measuring radiation passes through the measuring space. The measuring space has a layer that is a water-insoluble solvent or made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) or polytetrafluoroethylene. The layer excludes a reaction from the particles to be measured.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for controlling the emission, and recovery, of volatile solvents. In particular, this invention relates to a type of finish material applying apparatus which has become known as a robotized spraying cabinet and to methods of operating such an apparatus. In accordance with this invention, materials sprayed through the spray head and which escape adherence to a sprayed articles impinge onto overspray directing members disposed adjacent the conveyor and between the conveyor and the reservoir, a quantity of solvent for the finishing materials is retained at a location adjacent the conveyor and supplying for use in cleaning the conveyor, and the overspray directing members and retained solvent to be supplied for cleaning are chilled and thereby the vapor pressure of the volatile solvent is reduced, whereby the volatile solvent is maintained in liquid form and control over the emission thereof is facilitated.

Abstract: An optical fiber is drawn from a draw blank that is situated in a furnace muffle. An end of the blank is heated to a temperature sufficient to permit a fiber to be drawn therefrom. During the fiber drawing operation, the blank is subjected to a gas containing an amount of hydrogen sufficient to reduce the number of defects in the fiber. The resultant fiber therefore experiences little or no latent attenuation increase when it is later subjected to a hydrogen containing atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for improving the life of papermaking belts containing a cured photosensitive polymeric resin is disclosed. The process includes the use of a resin-swelling solvent (e.g., isopropyl alcohol) to deliver an effective amount of chemical compounds capable of slowing down the degradation rate of the photosensitive polymeric resin in the papermaking belt. The solvent delivery technique makes it possible to deliver useful quantities of chemical compounds to the resin containing papermaking belts that would not normally be possible to add because of their low direct solubility in the polymeric resin and/or process incompatibility. Preferably, the chemical compounds are antioxidants (e.g., hindered phenols) which inhibit or retard oxidation of the cured resin and its ensuing degradative effects.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first tray slidably received within a second tray, wherein the first tray and the second tray each are formed with a planar floor and upstanding flanges orthogonally and coextensively mounted to spaced parallel edges of each floor. Each floor includes an enclosed longitudinally aligned slot, wherein the slots overlie each other when the first shield is slidably received within the second shield to fixedly position the first shield relative to the second shield in an adjustable manner. Each shield includes at its forward end a first and second "U" shaped recess, the recesses aligned relative to one another to complementarily receive door framework contours of opposed door frames to provide a shield overlying an interface between room portions directed through a portal.