Abstract: Method and apparatus for the direct chill casting of non-ferrous metals comprising varying the chill depth of the mould independently of the level or quantity of liquid metal in the mould by relatively moving the mould and a "hot-top" which may be a sleeve of refractory material during casting. The invention also provides for semi-automatic and automatic casting.

Abstract: The method of die casting a metallic cast product having a hollow metallic member embedded therein by locating the hollow member in position in a casting cavity and injecting molten metal into the cavity around the hollow member including confining a pressure resisting medium within the interior of the hollow member by seals prior to injecting the molten metal into the cavity, thereby positively preventing the hollow member from being collapsed by the pressure of the molten metal injected into the cavity. The pressure resisting medium is sealingly confined within the hollow member by tightly applying a sealing plug to the respective open ends of the hollow member after the pressure resisting medium completely fills the hollow member. One of the sealing plugs may be movable in response to the increase in the internal pressure of the pressure resisting medium.

Abstract: In a continuous casting installation, screw-less fixing of the roller guide segment frames to the bed is achieved by means of a plurality of traction rods which can be subjected to traction force by hydraulic means. Each traction rod has a nut thereon which is loadable by a respective ring piston guided in a self-adjusting manner in a semi-cylindrical bearing member supported on the bed. The free end of the traction rod is an apertured head aligned with frame apertures. A locking pin passing through said apertures releasably interconnects the rod and the segment frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting a tundish and a mold for horizontal continuous casting of a metal, which comprises: a break ring fitted to the inlet opening of a water-cooled mold through a joint material; a front nozzle engaged in the molten metal outlet of the side wall of a tundish; a feed nozzle provided between said break ring and said front nozzle so that one end thereof is in contact with said break ring and the other end thereof is in contact with said front nozzle through respective joint materials; and, a connecting mechanism for connecting said tundish and said water-cooled mold, said connecting mechanism having an elasticity means which pushes said break ring elastically against the inlet opening of said water-cooled mold, one end of said feed nozzle against said break ring, and the other end of said feed nozzle against said front nozzle.

Abstract: In a device for the horizontal continuous casting of ingots or billets without pronounced structure there is provided in the wall of the trough an opening which connects up with another opening in the lower part of a disc-shaped nozzle which is used to transfer the molten metal to the mold. For casting rectangular ingots this nozzle opening is in plan view approximately in the form of a dog bone shaped slit, and is provided with a run-out surface inclined in the direction of casting and running into the inner face of the mold. The opening forms a trumpet-shaped taper towards the inside of the trough.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring injection speeds of a die casting machine comprises a detecting device for detecting injection times at low and high speed injection strokes, calculating elements for calculating low and high injection speeds by dividing the low and high injection strokes by the injection times, and displaying elements for displaying the low and high injection speeds as average injection speeds. The injection time detecting device includes an elongated member having different magnetic characteristics, an element responsive to the characteristics to generate pulse signal, low and high speed injection limit switches, and a discriminating element for discriminating the period of the signal generated by the pulse signal generating element. The injection speeds of the die casting machine can be measured and displayed by the interrelative operations of the elements and devices described above.

Abstract: The method for cooling a plunger tip in a die casting machine of the cold chamber type comprises forcibly cooling the inner hollow space in the plunger tip by applying a flow of cooling fluid into and out of the inner hollow space during the time from about the commencement of the injection of the molten metal into the cavity of the moulds of the die casting machine by the forward stroke of the plunger to the commencement of the return stroke of the plunger, and applying, after terminating the application of the cooling fluid to the inner hollow space of the plunger tip, a flow of pressurized gas into and out of the inner hollow space of the plunger tip during the time at least necessary for expelling the remaining cooling fluid from the inner hollow space of the plunger tip so as to prevent excessive cooling and permit the plunger tip to be subjected to uniform natural cooling by the pressurized gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling an injection process in cold-chamber die-casting machines which work on a three-phase system whereby an automatic initiation of the third phase without delay is possible. Beginning with the plunger of the apparatus in a certain starting position, the time is measured which elapses until a pressure in a working cylinder ahead of the plunger has reached a predetermined value. The time delay of the valve system which releases the pressure medium feed in the third phase is subtracted from the time measured so as to arrive at a time differential. At the end of the time differential, which elapses when the injection process begins with the plunger in its original or starting position, serves as a starting signal to trigger the valve system.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a packaged web product and apparatus therefor wherein superposed webs are compressed and while compressed webs pass through an open-ended forming device having a closed perimeter and simultaneously enveloping the compressed, superposed webs, and thereafter transversely severing the resultant product into identical units.

Abstract: Electrodes and lead-out terminals of semiconductor devices employ fine wire interconnections which require forming into a predetermined configuration. The method of the present invention provides several novel steps in a sequence of steps which causes the interconnection wire to be shaped in an extremely desirable configuration free of slack. The method is characterized by first preforming a portion of the wire in a direction opposite the direction of the desired interconnection and subsequently reforming the preformed portion of wire while the remainder of the interconnection wire is being formed in tension.

Abstract: A method of providing a wear-resistant layer on the inner bore faces of the housing of a dual-worm extruder having two longitudinally communicating parallel bores for accommodating extruder worms therein. According to the method, a relatively soft sheet metal blank and a relatively hard, wear-resistant sheet metal blank are metallurgically bonded to one another in a face-to-face relationship, then the thus obtained "sandwich" is deformed into two longitudinally open tubular blanks, with the relatively soft sheet metal blank forming the outer, convex side of each tubular blank. Thereafter, the tubular blanks are welded to one another along respective longitudinal edges thereof for obtaining a composite body having a cross-sectional outline of a FIG. 8, generally corresponding to, but being smaller than the cross-sectional outline of the bores.

Abstract: A method for introducing fluxing material (flux) into a tubular, centrifugal casting mold in the manufacture of centrifugally cast metallic tubes. The flux is injected directly into the pouring stream of the molten metal in a steady, continuous flow by the pressure from a stream of non-reactive gas such as nitrogen. The injection of the flux into the pouring stream begins only after the wetting of all the casting surfaces of the mold by the molten metal. This flux is supplied from a hopper with a variable speed control auger.

Abstract: A method of forming filaments, particularly continuous strips, sheets or the like, by rotating a chill wheel against a meniscus of molten material formed about the periphery of an elongate orifice through which the molten material is fed under uniform fluid pressure along the longitudinal axis of the orifice. Filaments of different widths, thicknesses and composite structures are extracted by utilizing single or plural chill wheels in conjunction with plural orifices.

Abstract: A method for making foundry moulds and cores where after preparation of the moulds and cores having a sand composition of a low strength up to 0.03 MPa, a cooling medium is introduced into the mould cavity, preferably liquid nitrogen, in an amount to provide hardening of only the surface layer of a required sufficient to reproduce the shape of the mould cavity.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a structural member such as a wicket gate for water turbines by electro slag forming comprises the steps of mounting a water-cooled metal mold on a part of a previously formed structural member, such as a stem; melting electrodes inserted in the water-cooled metal mold to form the other part of the structural member such as a vane portion of the wicket gate on the previously formed structural member. The previously formed structural member has a concave portion which is exposed in the water-cooled metal mold and the water-cooled metal mold is mounted so as to contact with the previously formed structural member at the lower portion than the top of the concave portion. The previously formed structural member is melted gradually from the central portion of the concave to the outer periphery and then such a portion as the vane portion is formed by molten metal of the electrode.

Abstract: A low vacuum is applied to selected surface areas of a resin bonded sand mold to draw ambient air into selected portions of the mold. The air entering the mold burns out a significant portion of the resin binder to form a low BTU gas fuel and to recover casting heat for use in a waste heat boiler or other heat abstractions device. Therefore, foundry air pollution is reduced, the burned out portion of the molding sand is recovered for immediate reuse, and a savings in fuel and energy.

Abstract: With the solution of the invention the casting from charge to charge in the continuous foundries can be carried out with a much longer action time than presently, thus longer time will be available for opening of the ladle and setting it up for pouring. In the equipment consisting of intermediate ladle, casting platform and casting stand, the intermediate ladle is provided with such sidewise extending pouring gate, at the end of which a conchoidal recess is arranged. After the conchoidal recess a runner section is arranged its initial cross section being smaller than that of the conchoidal recess, its horizontal section is expanding, while its bottom part rises toward the intermediate ladle. Next to the first casting platform and casting stand a second casting platform and casting stand are arranged above the pouring gate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting material into a ribbon shape in which molten material to be cast is extruded in a thin ribbon onto a moving sheet of foil of a metal having a sufficiently lower melting point or which forms an alloy with the molten material which has a sufficiently lower melting point than the molten material, to cause almost immediate melting of at least a portion of the foil which comes in contact with the ribbon of molten casting material, with crystallization of the cast material occuring on a layer of liquified foil or foil-cast material alloy. Also disclosed is the disposing of the metal foil, in the vicinity of the contact with the ribbon of molten casting material, on a cooled surface which is moving past the region of extrusion of the molten material. The method and apparatus is disclosed to be particularly useful in making cast ribbon of semiconductor material with a foil backing and desirable properties for photovoltaic solar cell applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a so-called knock-out or shake-out system for foundries comprises a beam which may be resiliently suspended by a stirrup and bellows. A pair of tubular frames depend from the ends of the beam and a pair of rectangular clamp frames are vertically slidable in the tubular frames. A mold box comprising a pair of box-frames and containing a metal casting in a sand mold is located between the two pairs of frames. Two sets of bellows one associated with each clamp frame are inflated to raise the clamp frames and clamp the box between the lower crosspiece of these frames and some other part of the structure such as the lower cross-piece of the tubular frames. The mold is vibrated by vibrators so that the sand and casting are shaken out of the box.

Abstract: An installation for continuously casting steel billets comprises a support structure and a guiding roll-rack for the cast billets receiving molten steel from an oscillatory mold and comprising an upper and lower section each having a frame. The upper section and the mold constitute a demountable and replaceable unit. The upper section is supported on the top of the lower section and carries a support for guiding the mold for oscillation. The lower section is mounted on the support structure and carries a mechanism for oscillating the mold. This mechanism comprises an arm mounted for pivoting on the top of the lower guiding device section frame, an actuating rod connecting the arm to the mold for oscillating the mold is response to the pivoting of the arm, and respective pivots connecting the actuating rod to the arm and to the mold, one of the pivots being readily detachable.