Abstract: A friction welding process that is particularly suitable for welding, one to the other, of two hollow, symmetrical, cylindrical bodies, the union of which forms a roller for tracks on tracked machines, in which the edges of the bodies are shaped along an axial cutting plane in which a front part that projects with respect to a rear part of a greater gage, is recognizable, and in which the said front part is joined to the said rear part on at least one of the sides (internal or external) by means of a concave surface section contacting, at a predetermined angle, the adjacent surface; the shape and size of the front part and of the fillets being predetermined in such a way that the burr that forms during welding is placed tangentially in contact with the fillets in proximity of their edge of contact with the said adjacent surfaces. The front part surface may be given a finish whereby it becomes flat, smooth and devoid of chamfer or a radius at the corners.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of desired shape having portions of small radius of curvature. A modified shield is provided which provides for a reduction of the electromagnetic field intensity at the corners of the forming ingot by increasing local screening of the field at the corners. Increased local screening at the corners is achieved by locally increasing shield depth, by providing for deeper displacement of the shield, by changing the shield section, or by changing the shield orientation. Also disclosed is a modified inductor which is shaped so as to be located at a greater distance from the portions of small radius of curvature of the ingots than from portions of the ingots adjacent to the portions of small radius of curvature. The modified shield may be combined with the modified inductor and/or with a coolant manifold to simultaneously modify and control coolant application elevation such that the elevation is a minimum at the corners of the ingot.

Abstract: A system for automatic and high production attachment of dies to heat sinks and other supporting structure includes an open ended gas tunnel having an inlet at one end, an outlet at the other end with means for indexing supporting structures step by step through the tunnel with heating means for heating the supporting structure in a first portion of the tunnel with automatic manipulating means for selecting and introducing first, a solder pre-form onto the heated support structure and then a die onto the melted solder with a source of forming gas continuously fed into the tunnel for controlling the atmosphere therein, and also for quickly quenching and cooling the solder after the die has been placed thereon.

Abstract: A machine for the blast cleaning of castings has a drum with a top opening through which abrasive from overhead abrasive throwing wheels is directed onto castings in the drum. The drum is oscillated about its axis through an angle of about 120.degree. and has two floor parts with an angle somewhat less than this between them. Oscillation of the drum makes for tumbling of the casting resting on the floor. The wall of the drum, in addition to the floor parts, has inwardly sloping parts next to the opening. The wall is made up of bars wedge-joined to support rings, sound being absorbed by rubber strips between them and the rings.

Abstract: An electromagnetic casting process and apparatus utilizing an active transformer-driven copper shield. The shield is actively driven with a voltage out of phase with the voltage in the containment inductor with the result that a bucking current is produced in the shield which is out of phase with the current induced in the shield by the inductor. An active transformer-driven duplex variable impedance shield is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed in this specification is a method for casting, in which a shaped body of an inorganic fiber material is fixedly secured on a chill member, then the chill member together with the shaped body of inorganic fiber is incorporated in a predetermined part of a cast article through a fiber-reinforced composite layer to be brought about at the time of casting under high pressure solidification casting techniques.

Abstract: A metal casting system including novel process and apparatus wherein the shape of the casting is defined by a thin thermal degrading film supported by a particulate bed. A pattern having the shape of the desired casting is surrounded by the tight fitting film with one end of the pattern exposed. A particulate bed is tightly packed about the film-surrounded pattern. A reduced fluid pressure is established within the particulate bed relative to the pattern so that the surrounding film is tightly held by atmospheric pressure against the particulate bed and slightly released from the pattern. The pattern is removed from the surrounding film and leaves therein a cavity bounded by the film with the shape of the desired casting. The cavity is filled with molten metal for forming the desired casting simultaneously with the vaporization of the film. The present metal casting system is especially useful for the casting of cylindrical shapes using unique molds and a novel flask is provided for such a casting process.

Abstract: In a process and installation for the manufacture of a metal wire from a jet of molten metal, the jet of metal which is in the course of solidification is supported by cooling fluid displaced by two cylinders rotating in opposite directions with a tangential velocity such that the wire is supported in stable equilibrium in the plane of vertical symmetry of the two cylinders above the level defined by the plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and passing through the axes of rotation of the two cylinders, the space between the two cylinders being between about 0.15% and 3% of their common radius and their peripheral speed being between about 4 and 120 m/sec.

Abstract: A relatively high fluid pressure actuated rotary arbor or chuck having internal pressure intensifying differential pistons for converting relatively low pressure from an outside supply through a relatively low pressure non-rotating coupling connection. A dual inlet in the non-rotating coupling and associated passages to the larger piston provide for air or hydraulic piston retraction as well as actuation of the intensifying piston.

Abstract: The chucking system is used with a machine tool having a spindle which drives a chuck. The chuck-tightening sleeve can be locked to the machine tool frame so that rotation of the spindle causes tightening or loosening of the chuck, depending upon direction of spindle rotation. In this way, key-locking of the chuck is avoided.

Abstract: A means and method for making jewelry, particularly finger rings, the outer curvate surface of which is provided with a decorative band which, prior to installation is flexible along an axis perpendicular to its major axis to enable it to be fitted to the outer surface of a base member and maintained thereon by soldering or by the expansion of the base member to greater diameter.

Abstract: A ceramic shell mold having the properties of being easily removed from the metal castings, high permeability, and a fired strength that can be controlled at levels lower than conventional molds, characterized in that the refractory used to make the mold is at least in part hydrated alumina.

Abstract: A take-up reel and take-up reel starting feed for use in high speed ribbon crystallization of molten material e.g., a metal or a semiconductor material, in which a starting strip is pre-wound onto the take-up reel sufficiently to frictionally engage the take-up reel and be thereby drawn onto the take-up reel from a supply reel for the starting strip, and wherein the linear velocity of the starting strip in a contact zone is synchronized with the linear velocity of a cast ribbon of the material leaving a rotating drum on which the casting initiated, so that the ribbon of cast material, after it passes over the starting strip in the contact zone, will contact the starting strip and pass onto the take-up reel in contact with the starting strip and without bunching or significant stretching of the ribbon of cast material.

Abstract: A ferrous feedstock for subsequent use in a melting or smelting furnace is produced by casting molten ferrous material continuously onto the surface of an elongate channel-shaped substrate moving continuously past a casting station. The cast material solidifies to form a strip which is separated continuously from the substrate and subsequently fragmented to produce ferrous segments of a size suitable for feeding to a melting or smelting furnace.

Abstract: In a centrifugal casting apparatus, the rate of flow of molten iron poured into the mold is controlled by varying the inclination of the feed channel. In particular, at the end of the casting operation, the supply of liquid to the feed channel is cut off and the upstream end of the feed channel is progressively raised. This can be controlled automatically by a cast iron level detector adjacent the pouring spout. In this manner, localized thickness defects in a series of pipes can be corrected. Furthermore, pipes of constant thickness throughout their length can be provided without the need to vary the translational speed of the feed channel or vary the rate of pivoting of the ladle of molten liquid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus used for continuous casting of copper alloy rods for obtaining a fine grain size therein. Liquidus copper alloy material flows from a reservoir area or crucible into a continuous casting die. Devices are included to cause agitation of the liquidus material as it enters the die so that no thermal gradients are large enough at the liquidus-solid state transition zone to produce gross directional solidification of the alloy. Devices which may be used to obtain the desired liquidus material agitation include a particular configuration and location for the die inlet openings, electromagnetic stirring and mechanical stirring.

Abstract: In casting tubular-plate grids, a molten lead alloy is poured into a mold along the long side of the grid perpendicular to the grid rods. Temporary connectors joining adjacent grid rods are simultaneously cast. These connecting portions have a thickened cross-section in the middle and a constricted cross-section at their points of junction with the grid rods. In a subsequent operation, the connecting portions are punched out.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method and apparatus for changing the width of a cast piece during continuous operation. The method comprises stopping pouring a molten metal into a mold, inserting a frame including a pair of opposite side plate members into the mold so that the lower ends of the members are dipped in the molten metal, pouring the molten metal into a cavity defined by said frame, and withdrawing the cast piece together with said frame to obtain a cast piece having a desired width.

Abstract: A sand mold-producing apparatus having a sand blower for vertically supplying sand with the help of a first flow of a pressurized air into a molding cavity in which a match plate carrying thereon a pattern is positioned, and an air injecting means for laterally injecting a second flow of a pressurized air having a pressure equal to or smaller than that of the first flow toward the pattern, so that the second flow of the pressurized air carries the sand toward every lateral pocketed pattern portion of the pattern and corners adjacent to the pattern during the supply of the sand into the molding cavity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for purging air from containers, such as pouches, while in the ambient atmosphere, which apparatus uses a continuous flow of a neutral purging gas at a pressure between a range of about 1"-2" of water that is directed into the open end of the container through a flow control valve having a flat surface overlapping the open end of the container and disposed substantially parallel to and within about 1/8th inch from the open end of the container.