Abstract: An aluminum alloy that may be used as an anode in a battery displays high voltage and high coulombic efficiency when used with a caustic electrode by the presence of about 0.03 to 0.2 percent tin. Additionally, about 0.03 to 0.07 percent gallium and/or 0.002 to 0.006 percent silicon may be added. It is preferred that the purity of the aluminum be at least as pure as 99.995%. A heat treatment enhances voltage and efficiency.

Abstract: A consumable lance for introducing oxygen into molten metal. The lance is designed so that tubular oxygen passageways melt at a relatively low temperature thereby exposing refractory passageways and significantly improving the wear resistance of the lance.

Abstract: An injection nozzle (10) is installed in the wall (13) of a liquid containment vessel (14) and comprises an assembly of refractory component bodies (18, 19, 20): injection passages (22) for receiving longitudinally movable lances (11) are provided in the nozzle and before injection commences, the passages are closed by cup-shaped refractory shells (30) embedded in one of the component bodies (18) adjacent a discharge end of the nozzle. Each shell has its base (31) united through a frangible shell portion (34) with the sidewall (32) and when injection is to commence, an associated lance (11) is forcibly driven at the base (31) to detach it by fracture of the shell portion (34) and from an opening through which an injectant can exit into the liquid. A push-out bung (26) may be incorporated in the nozzle body (18) between the base of the shell (30) and the discharge end of the nozzle (10).

Abstract: An improved castable hypereutectic zinc-aluminum alloy which is free from underside shrinkage is described. Small additions, from about 0.25% and up to about 2 wt% of rare earth metal, preferably in the form of misch metal, to known zinc-aluminum alloys containing from about 20% and up to about 40 wt% aluminum have been found to prevent underside shrinkage in castings with a cross section up to about six inches.

Abstract: A refractory wear part for use in a sliding closure unit for a metallurgical vessel has therethrough at least one flow-through opening. The wear part is formed of a combination of gas permeable material and gas impervious material. The wear part includes at least one gas flushing zone formed of the gas permeable material and opening on a surface of the wear part. A gas duct connects the flushing zone with an external gas inlet connection. The gas duct and the flushing zone are formed as a unitary, homogeneous gas permeable structure from the gas permeable material, and such gas permeable structure is formed within a gas impervious base structure formed of the gas impervious material.

Abstract: A titanium aluminide base composition is provided which has increased tensile strength, ductility and rupture life due to the addition of tantalum coupled with optional additions of vanadium and columbium.

Abstract: The present invention provides corrosion resistance clad steels comprising a steel core and a cladding of a corrosion resistance metallic material tightly covering the circumference of the core, the interface between the core and cladding being metallurgically bonded. As the core materials, steel bars for concrete reinforcement including PC steel bars; or materials for sections (e.g., angles or channels) may be appropriately selected depending on the intended use. The foregoing steel materials is produced by a method comprising the steps of arranging the corrosion resistance metallic cladding member over the entire surface of the circumference of the steel core member and hot rolling to form an intimate metallurgical bonding at the interface between both members, thereby forming the foregoing clad steel material. The material may be formed into deformed steel bars.

Abstract: An aluminum refining vessel has two refining stages positioned side-by-side, with flow of molten aluminum into and out of the vessel being from the same side thereof. The vessel is readily adaptable for the reversal of flow therethrough, and for ease of installation, operation and maintenance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immersion lance for the introduction of treatment media such as gases, more particularly inert gases and/or carrier gases by which solids such as slag-forming substances, carbon or the like are transported, into a vessel filled with liquid metal, more particularly for the treatment of pig iron or steel. The immersion lance comprises an inner metal tube for the supply of the medium and a refractory monolithic ceramic jacketing, which is supported by means of a reinforcement bearing against the inner tube, one or more outlet apertures being provided which penetrate the jacketing. The reinforcement bearing enclosing the inner tube is formed by at least one spirally coiled ribbed band forming rib members with uniform spacings and being connected to the inner rib.

Abstract: A tuyere for treating molten metal in a vessel in which bottom stirring gas blowing is desired has a tubular body member having a mounting flange inwardly of one end thereof by which the tuyere is positioned in the vessel through an opening in a side wall thereof with the inner end of the tuyere spaced with respect to the side wall to effectively direct gas introduced therethrough in a stirring action in the molten metal. A plurality of spirally wound metal tubes are positioned in side by side relation engaging the tubular body member and the plurality of spirally wound metal tubes are partially flattened to create desirable configurations so that a tuyere so formed can match any desired discharge of gas into the molten metal. Additionally, the partially flattened configuration of the smaller tubes enables them to provide relatively large surface areas engageable against the inner surface of the tubular body member which imparts a cooling effect thereto.

Abstract: A lance for treating molten metals useful for either inert gas stirring or injection of oxygen has an elongated refractory body formed in and around a metal tube in a portion of which a plurality of spirally wound metal tubes are positioned in side by side relation engaging the metal tube, the spirally wound tubes being mechanically locked into a refractory forming a core therein. The spirally wound metal tubes terminate at one end of the lance in a circular pattern to provide a tangential flow of gas flowing therefrom when gas such as argon is directed therethrough. The metal tubes communicate at their opposite ends with a secondary metal tube which in turn communicates with a fitting externally of the refractory body of the lance by which the lance may be supported and through which the desirable gas is supplied.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring and regulating the variable pressure furnace gas chemistry is described. The apparatus uses a mass spectrometer for measurements, in the preferred form of the invention, in which gas species percent composition is obtained quantitatively independent of total furnace pressure variation. Using such a real time measurement capability, active control of batch process furnace operations is possible by intrinsic measurement of the part outgassing rather than by assumption of batch part status as a function of extrinsic parameters such as temperature and total pressure. Thus, by a combination of batch process temperature ramp control and variable admittance of suitable gas into the furnace, uniform batch processing is possible by closed loop control, due to renormalization of furnace residual gas chemistry from day to day drift and from batch part chemistry variation.

Abstract: A metallurgical lance for injecting a material into molten metal is provided. The lance has a outer conduit with first and second ends, and a material carrier inner conduit for carrying the material to be injected into the molten metal. The inner conduit has a supply end and an injection end and is in part disposed within and throughout the outer conduit. A high temperature heat insulator is disposed around the outer conduit and extends along the outer conduit from at least an intermediate portion thereof to at least the first end thereof whereby all portions of the lance to be disposed in the molten metal are protected by the insulator. A first end closure and a second end closure for the outer conduit have centrally located apertures therein for receiving a portion of the inner conduit.

Abstract: A gas washing device for supplying gas through a metallurgical vessel to molten metal therein includes a gas permeable sink positioned to extend through a wall of the metallurgical vessel. The sink has an inner end to be exposed to the molten metal and subject to wear thereby and an outer end. A gas inlet supplies an operational flow of gas from a gas supply to the outer end of the sink. A device is operatively mounted with respect to the sink and is responsive to a temperature rise indicative of a predetermined extent of wear of the inner end of the sink by the molten metal, to reduce the flow of the gas to a reduced flow less than the operational flow upon the inner end of the sink being worn or eroded to the predetermined extent. A detector detects or measures the reduced flow of gas.

Abstract: Sulfide tarnish inhibiting of silver base alloys selected from the group consisting of Ag-Cu, Ag-Au, and Ag-Cu-Au is achieved by adding to silver base alloys at least one element with passivating ability and with heat of sulfide formation which exceeds the heat of sulfide formation of silver and in the amount which does not exceed 1.5 weight % as substitute of silver, so as to form a thin layer of oxide of the element which is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ta, Al, Ti and Th. The layer of oxide is thin and does not affect the properties of silver base alloys. The added element, in the event of damage to the oxide layer, forms a sulfide film of the element before formation of silver sulfide, to thereby protect silver base alloys from tarnishing.

Abstract: An arrangement for preheating scrap includes a scrap treating furnace into which at least one exhaust gas duct from a metallurgical furnace enters. In order to attain a higher efficiency in preheating, the scrap treating furnace has a through chamber for a plurality of adjacently arranged or superposed scrap receiving vessels. Each of these vessels is provided with its own gas inlet opening and with its own gas exit opening. The scrap treating furnace also includes a charging means on one end of the through chamber to receive at least one scrap receiving vessel and a discharging means on the other end of the through chamber to receive at least one scrap receiving vessel. A conveying means for moving the scrap receiving vessels in cycles from the charging means to the discharging means as well as gas conducting means for connecting the gas exit openings with the gas inlet openings of neighboring scrap receiving vessels are arranged within the through chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wire bonding gold line used for connecting a semiconductor tip electrode with an outside lead portion. This gold wire characteristically contains gold (Au) having a purity level 99.996-99.9995 wt % and 0.0032-0.008 wt % by total weight of said gold wire of germanium (Ge) so that the electric resistance of the wire bonding gold line is reduced, while the mechanical strength such as tensile strength and high temperature strength is excellent and a gold ball can be shaped into the form of a nearly perfect sphere in the connection of the tip electrode.

Abstract: A multiple orifice injection valve having a stationary block which communicates between the vessel and a sliding plate. The sliding plate is provided with at least one injection port and drive means for rotatably indexing the same in and out of register with the various orifices in the stationary block. Both the stationary block and sliding plate may have special wear features. The sliding plate is held by means of a carrier, and the same urged by a plurality of spring-loaded rockers into pressure face-to-face relationship with the stationary block. The valve can be open by a toggle latch and toggle hinge assembly thereby permitting removal of the sliding plate and/or the stationary block. Injection is provided by a quick disconnect coupling having two injection ports. The one port receives wire or other metallic material in wire form, and the second port injects gas, powdered metals, or other fluid-like materials.

Abstract: A weldable titanium alloy particularly intended for use at high temperatures and under conditions of high stress in aircraft engines, the alloy having the composition 5.6% aluminium, 4% tin, 4% zirconium, 1% niobium, 0.25% molybdenum, 0.5% silicon, 0.05% carbon, optionally containing 0.2% tungsten and being used in the heat treated condition. The heat treatment would normally comprise a solution treatment above the beta transus, typically at 1080.degree. C., and an ageing or stress relieving treatment at a temperature of approximately 650.degree. C. for approximately 24 hours.

Abstract: A novel magnesium alloy consisting essentially of about 6 to 14 weight percent calcium, about 4 to 8 weight percent of copper or nickel, balance magnesium.There is also provided a process for producing a magnesium alloy article having improved properties which comprises the steps of providing a rapidly solidified product having the composition defined above and having a maximum average thickness of about 200 microns in at least one dimension, introducing the rapidly solidified product into a mold, and consolidating the rapidly solidified product to obtain a desired densification of the rapidly solidified product. Consolidation may be carried out by hot isostatic pressing (HIP'ing) the rapidly solidified product at a pressure of about 100 to 300 MPa and a temperature of about 150.degree. to 350.degree. C. for a time sufficient to obtain the desired densification. Alternatively, consolidation may be accomplished by extrusion using the same temperature range, and an extrusion ratio of about 10:1 to 30:1.