Abstract: A migration imaging system including imaging members comprising a substrate overcoated with a softenable layer, and migration marking material, with the softenable layer having a thin surface skin of material having a higher viscosity than the remainder of the softenable material layer.

Abstract: Photosensitive element for electrophotography which comprises(a) a photosensitive layer composed of (1) a binder resin and (2) particles of photoconductive material being dispersed in said binder resin and each particle comprising a photoconductive zinc oxide particle having been encapsulated over its surface with an encapsulating resinous material;(b) an electroconductive support for said photosensitive layer; and(c) an intermediate layer being located between said photosensitive layer and said support, and composed of a water-soluble polymer.The water-soluble polymer preferably is a casein, and a sensitizing agent preferably is adsorbed by the surface of the zinc oxide particle and or included in the encapsulating resinous layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic sensitizing screen having a great number of apertures, wherein at least an insulating layer and a conductive layer are successively formed on a conductive mesh, is disclosed. These apertures are regularly arranged at such an angle as not to produce moire fringes with respect to a light image projected on the screen.

Abstract: A photosensitive screen for an electrographic apparatus adapted to modulate a flow of corona ions by an electrostatic latent image produced thereon is disclosed. The photosensitive screen is composed of an electrically conductive mesh which is coated on one side with an insulating layer and an electrically conductive layer superimposed one upon the other in the order as mentioned and coated on the other side with a photosensitive layer.The photosensitive screen comprises further an insulating thin film layer which covers at least the electrically conductive layer for the purpose of protecting it against surrounding atmosphere and hence improving durability thereof.

Abstract: A photoconductive insulating layer for an electrophotographic sensitive member formed of a fine powder of CdS.nCdCO.sub.3, wherein 0<n.ltoreq.4, bonded by an insulating resin and having manganese stearate dispersed therein. Advantageously the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 contains copper as an acceptor impurity in an amount of between about 0.025 and 0.1 grain atomic weight of copper per 100 gram atomic weight of cadmium, the manganese stearate is present in an amount of about 2 to 4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 and is preferably adherent thereto, the layer is between 10 and 100 microns thick and the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 particle size is about 1 to 2 microns or less. In producing the layer the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 (Cu) is produced by reacting Cd, Cu and CO.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic imaging member or device and an imaging method using this imaging member, which member or device is comprised of a substrate, a layer of a charge carrier injecting material comprised of carbon or graphite dispersed in a polymer, a layer of a charge carrier transport material, a layer of a photoconductive charge carrier generating material and an electrically insulating overcoating layer.

Abstract: A particulate magnetic toner for use in a process for developing latent electrostatic images to toner images with a magnetic brush consists predominantly of a magnetic material and a resin of insulating properties. Each toner particle has a portion containing the magnetic material, said material extending through the particle and at least exposed on opposing surfaces of each toner particle to oppose the magnetic materials of other toner particles.

Abstract: A printing ink comprises particles of small size, each having a body portion consisting of a fusible resin and a colorant and electrically conductive material situated substantially entirely on the surface of the body portion. The particles may be formed by a variety of methods. The body portion may have a magnetizable constituent for use in printers with magnetic ink orientation. The particles may be formed by spray drying to produce hollow beads.

Abstract: A negatively charged liquid electrographic developer comprising an electrically insulating carrier liquid such as a paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction, having stably dispersed therein (a) a halogenated polymer, such as chlorinated polyethylene, and having dissolved therein (b) a copolymer of a quaternary ammonium salt monomer and a solubilizing monomer and (c) a copolymer of a polar monomer and a solubilizing monomer.

Abstract: A process for the ink development of an electrostatic image comprising the steps:(a) forming an electrostatic image on a charge retaining surface,(b) wetting the charge retaining surface with a thin layer of dielectric liquid which is chemically inert toward the surface,(c) inking the charge retaining surface with an electrically conductive liquid ink formulation which is immiscible with the dielectric liquid,(d) inducing at the interface between the ink and the dielectric liquid a charge differential with respect to the electrostatic image on the charge retaining surface, and, when the induced charge density at the dielectric liquid-oil interface exceeds a threshold value,(e) penetrating the dielectric liquid with the complete ink formulation, and(f) wetting the charge retaining surface with the ink formulation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic sensitizing screen having a great number of apertures, wherein at least an insulating layer and a conductive layer are successively formed on a conductive mesh, is disclosed. These apertures are regularly arranged at such an angle as not to produce moire fringes with respect to a light image projected on the screen.

Abstract: Electrophotosensitive materials having the structure ##STR1## wherein: M and N may be zero, one or two;L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, L.sup.5, L.sup.6, and L.sup.7 may be cyano, hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl or heterocycyl and in addition any two of L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3 and any two of L.sup.4, L.sup.5, L.sup.6 and L.sup.7 may together represent the elements needed to complete a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having from 5-12 carbon atoms;A.sup.1 may be the same as A.sup.2 and in addition may represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;A.sup.2 represents a basic substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic nucleus; andB.sup.1 and B.sup.2 represent cyano, cyanoaryl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, acyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroyl groups such as benzofuroyl, nitro, nitro substituted aryl, sulfonyl, fluorosulfonyl, tirfluoromethylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, arylcarbamoyl, and alkylcarbamoyl orB.sup.2 may be combined with .dbd.CL.sup.4 --CL.

Abstract: Composition of matter for electrostatic image development and a method for developing therewith an electrostatic charge pattern of positive charge, wherein the composition consists of powder particles containing at least 80% by weight of a mixture of at least 30% by weight of:a polyester derived from fumaric acid or a mixture of fumaric acid and isophthalic acid wherein the fumaric acid represents at least 95 mole % of the acids and a polyol blend of propoxylated bisphenol characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are integers with the proviso that the average sum of m and n is from 2 to 7, and either or both ofa copolymer of ethylene, maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride wherein from 50 to 70 mol % of ethylene repeating units are present, anda wax of the group consisting of castor wax and montan wax.

Abstract: A photoconductive coating which comprises a crystalline deposit of a wholly inorganic material, in the preferred form comprising cadmium sulfide, of almost perfect stoichiometry, either with or without small amounts of dopant.The coating is deposited on a suitable substrate such as a thin, clear, flexible polyester sheet with an intervening layer of ohmic material such as indium-tin oxide in a sputtering method that results in unusual properties. The deposit can be made on metal substrates if desired, but the greater utility is in its application to a transparent substrate so that a transparent electrophotographic member is formed suitable for many uses.Two important properties worthy of mention are that the coating is such that a charge density may be maintained on its surface (surface charge) which is ten to one hundred times greater than known photoconductive coatings and that there is no photoconductive fatigue.

Abstract: A layer of amorphous silicon containing H, preferably 10-40 atomic %H, is used as a photoconductive layer for electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: For improving the electrical contact between an insulating image carrier and a conductive support during development of an electrostatic charge image in electrographic recording processes a gas permeable support is used through which gas ions are brought to the back of the carrier while development takes place on the image side.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium for electrophotography which comprises a support having thereon a photoconductive layer comprising an organic photoconductive material and containing in a dispersed state a cyanine pigment which functions as a photoconductor expressed by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A represents ##STR2## wherein B represents an aromatic group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an acetoxy group, a styryl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxy group, ##STR3## in which Z represents --O--, --Se--, ##STR4## or --S--, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group or an allyl group, Y represents --S--, --Se--, --O--, ##STR5## X represents an anion, and the two benzene nuclei may include a carbocylic ring condensed therewith.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for use in electrophotography which comprises a conductive support, a first layer consisting essentially of a substance capable of generating a conductive carrier through light absorption and an electron donor or an electron acceptor, and a second layer consisting essentially of an electron acceptor or an electron donor, to wit, a substance constituting the opposite party of the electron donor or the electron acceptor contained in the first layer, said first and second layers being formed in that order on said conductive support.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of electrophotography wherein before exposure of a photosensitive element to a light image the element is subjected to a substantially uniform light irradiation to release a part of the charge carriers trapped in a photoconductive layer of the element, thereby controlling the potential of a latent image to be formed on the element within a range fit for the development of the latent image.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing magnetically attractive toner particles utilized for developing electrostatic latent images includes a first step of thermally kneading a mixture of a first resin material and minute particles of magnetizable material, and a second step of thermally kneading, with a second resin material having a higher softening temperature and/or a physically harder nature being further added at the same time, so that a mixture of these three materials, as a whole, is to constitute a composite material having a specific crushing nature. The composite material thus treated is consequently solidified, and then crushed, to form the toner particles, whereby minute particles of magnetizable material comprising each toner particle are respectively to be exposed from an outer boundary of the toner particle.