Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, which is comprised of a conductive support having thereon an electrophotographic photoreceptive layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting material. The charge generating material is a particular compound having both a barbituric acid nucleus or thiobarbituric acid nucleus and a heterocyclic ring residue.

Abstract: Novel chalcogenopentalene compounds having a tellurium atom in the 6a position, and methods of making chalcogenopentalenes having a tellurium or a selenium atom in the 6a position are disclosed. The chalcogenopentalene compounds are useful as sensitizers in electrophotographic compositions and elements containing an electron donor and as charge emitters in multilayer photoconductive elements.

Abstract: Antifreeze or anticorrosive additive compositions and a process for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum in contact with aqueous liquids are disclosed. The antifreeze compositions comprise a combination of an amino acid, an alkali metal phosphate, a heterocyclic nitrogen compound, as defined, and a conventional corrosion inhibitor in effective corrosion inhibiting amounts. The aqueous liquid can be an alcohol such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method for improving the sensitometric response of a persistently conductive photoreceptor is disclosed. This method involves charging and exposing the photoreceptor to form a latent electrostatic image and thereafter, within the period of persistence, recharging the photoreceptor to the same polarity and developing the latent electrostatic image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element having a carrier generating layer and a carrier transport layer, which carrier transport layer contains an arylamine derivative and an amine substituted styryl compound, is disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process for producing a display screen on the window of a color display tube, a step is performed which increases the potential difference between areas of the screen which have been charged to attract charged particles of a screening material and areas of the screen not charged to attract such particles. This increased potential difference increases the attraction force, thereby improving particle retention until the screening material is permanently attached.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having formed on an electrically conductive support a light-sensitive layer containing a hydrazone derivative of formula (I) as a photoconductive material is disclosed: ##STR1## wherein Z is a divalent hydrocarbon group necessary to form in conjunction with a nitrogen atom a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring condensed to the benzene ring; R.sub.1 is an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted amino group, an alkoxy group or a cyano group; and n is an integer of 0 or 1. This hydrazone derivative exhibits great carrier transporting ability when it is incorporated in the light-sensitive layer.

Abstract: A method for developing by a plurality of times, an electrostatic latent image carried on a surface of an electrostatic latent image support member through employment of developing sleeves having magnetic rollers to be driven for rotation provided therein, which includes the steps of effecting the developing for each of the plurality of times, with the magnetic roller being rotated under such a state that developing irregularities in a direction intersecting a relative moving direction of the electrostatic latent image support member with respect to the developing sleeve, are formed in a developed image when the developing for each of the plurality of times is effected independently, causing pitches of the developing irregularities to coincide with each other, and deviating phases of the respective developing irregularities so that the respective developing irregularities are offset to each other so as to obtain the developed image having a uniform and sufficient image density without developing irregularitie

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an improved electrostatic latent image developing method in which uneven development arising from simultaneous employment of a magnetic roller rotational driving system and an AC developing bias impressing system is eliminated, without impairing the advantages available from such systems, so as to make it possible to provide developed images of good quality at high density in the application, for example, to an electrophotographic copying apparatus and the like.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process for forming an electrostatic latent image in a photosensitive member. The photosensitive member is formed by applying, on a transparent conductive substrate, a transparent insulating layer and a photoconductive layer, which photoconductive layer is composed of a charge transfer layer and charge generation layers applied on both surfaces of the charge transfer layer. The charge transfer layer has a high mobility for charges of positive polarity. At first, the photosensitive member is negatively charged, while the member is uniformly irradiated from the side of the substrate. Then the photosensitive member is positively charged, while the member is exposed to a positive image of a document from the side of the photoconductive layer. Finally, the photosensitive member is exposed to a negative image of the document from the side of the photoconductive layer to form the electrostatic latent image from charges trapped across the insulating layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive composition and an electrophotographic light-sensitive material prepared using the photoconductive composition are described. The photoconductive composition comprises an organic photoconductive material and a urea compound, and may further contain a sensitizing dye capable of increasing the light sensitivity of the organic photoconductive material. The electrophotographic light-sensitive material comprises a support having an electrically conductive surface and a layer of the photoconductive composition, provided on the support. Typical urea compounds as used herein are represented by the general formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## (wherein all the symbols are described in the specification). The use of the urea compound increases the sensitivity of the organic photoconductive material making it possible to use the organic material in connection with the preparation of electrophotographic light-sensitive materials.

Abstract: Colored magnetically attractable toner powder for the development of latent electrostatic or magnetic images consists of particles each comprising a magnetically attractable core, preferably spherical, formed of particulate magnetically attractable material or of a dispersion of such material in a binder, a masking layer enveloping the core and containing binder mixed with light-reflecting pigment of submicron particle size, and coloring material applied in and/or onto the masking layer. Processes for preparing the toner powder are disclosed, and a process for developing electrostatic or magnetic latent image patterns by its use.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to dry negatively charged toner compositions comprised of resin particles, pigment particles and a polyanhydride charge enhancing composition of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 6 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, and n is a number ranging from about 5 to about 2,000.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic process comprises applying voltage between a non-transparent electrode and a color filter electrode of an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising isolated conductive members forming picture elements, a photoconductive layer, non-transparent electrodes and color filter electrodes, conducting imagewise exposure from the side where color filter electrodes are arranged, resulting in formation of a difference in distribution voltage between the area wherein light passes through the color filter electrode and the area wherein light does not pass through the color filter electrode with regard to the voltage distribution between the non-transparent electrode and the isolated conductive member and between the color filter electrode and the isolated conductive member, thereby forming a voltage image depending upon the change of the voltage of the isolated conductive member caused corresponding to a difference in distribution voltage, and developing said voltage image with a colo

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive composition for electrophotography, which comprises 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl carbazole, 5 to 50 parts by weight of a perylene pigment and 5 to 50 parts by weight of a halonaphthoquinone.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for producing highly uniform films of photosensitive materials (e.g., amorphous silicon) for electrophotography on large diameter cylindrical metal substrates (e.g., aluminum or stainless steel) by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The cylindrical substrate is rotatably mounted in a reaction chamber and serves as an electrode. A hollow metallic second electrode in the reaction chamber coaxially surrounds the substrate and is spaced apart therefrom. Hydrogen gas is first introduced into the inter-electrode space between the substrate and the second electrodes, and a high-frequency electric field is applied to the two electrodes to generate a glow discharge for plasma cleaning of the substrate surface. The hydrogen gas is then pumped out of the reaction chamber, and a reaction gas of monosilane (SiH.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotography developing method according to this invention uses a one-component magnetic toner having an electric resistivity of 10.sup.7 or more ohm.multidot.centimeter, still remaining within the range of inter-particle electric induction, and a coercive force of 150 or more oersteds, thereby preventing appearance of fog in a reversal photographic image, which fog otherwise, would appear in case of reversal, magnetic brush development.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of developing an electrostatic image by bringing an electrostatic image-carrying surface of a substrate into sliding contact with a magnetic brush of a developer formed on a developer-feeding sleeve having a magnet arranged in the interior thereof, wherein the magnetic brush is formed from an earing-promoting component comprising particles of a dispersion of a powder of a magnetic material in a resin, which have a relatively large diameter of 70 to 300 microns, and a developer component comprising particles of a dispersion of a powder of a magnetic material in a binder medium, which have a relatively small diameter of 5 to 50 microns.

Abstract: A process for depositing magnetic toner material on electrostatic latent images formed on an image bearing surfaces includes the steps of conveying toner to the developing zone via a magnet roll having a shell and coaxial permanent magnet member rotating in the same directions. In the region of the developing zone, the toner is subjected to both an A.C. magnetic field and an applied A.C. electrical field so as to render the toner electroconductive. The A.C. electrical field has a peak voltage greater than the dark voltage of the latent image, but less than 3,200 volts, and a frequency greater than v/0.3 where v is the advancing speed of the image bearing surfaces in relation to the magnet roll.