Abstract: A bipolar electrophotographic element comprising a) a single active bipolar photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support and b) a diamond-like carbon protective layer, having a fluorine content between 0 and 65 atomic percent based on the composition of the entire protective layer, and also having a thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 .mu.m. Also disclosed is a coating composition for a single bipolar photoconductive layer comprising: i) one or more binder polymers; ii) at least one aggregating dye salt; iii) at least one organic charge transport agent; and iv) a volatile coating solvent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing high quality toner images in an electrostatic printing machine. The method using the apparatus includes (a) (a) forming an initial developed toner image on a photoreceptor using a first toner image forming assembly including a charging device for uniformly charging the photoreceptor, and a development assembly, including charged toner solids having a single polarity, for image-wise applying a layer of the toner solids to the latent image to form an initial developed toner image; (b) refining the initial developed toner image using an air breakdown charging assembly, including a relatively large magnitude voltage biasing source and a nip forming roll coupled thereto, for image-wise recharging of the single polarity toner solids layer forming the initial developed toner image.

Abstract: A positive-chargeable toner is disclosed which has a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent. The binder resin contains a styrene copolymer and has an acid value of from 0.5 to 50.0 mg KOH/g, and the charge control agent has an imidazole derivative represented by the Formula (1). Also, an image forming method and an apparatus unit, making use of the positive-chargeable toner, are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel surface release layers on temporary image receptors particularly suited to the requirements of liquid electrographic (both electrophotographic and electrostatic) printing on a variety of receptors. The inventive temporary image receptors are comprised of a surface release layer on a photoreceptive or dielectric substrate. The release layers are silicone copolymers which are chemically modified to improve imaging, drying or transfer performance when used in the simplified color electrophotography (SCE) or electrostatic printing processes.

Abstract: Charge generation layers and charge transport layers which are prepared by coating a substrate with a coating solution prepared by mixing:(A) a binder;(B) a charge generation material or a charge transport material; and(C) an organosilanc of the formula:R.sub.x Si(OR').sub.4-xwherein:R is ##STR1## R' is H- or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl; and x is an integer of 1 to 3,in a suitable solvent, exhibit enhanced adhesion to the substrate, and organic photoconductive imaging receptors which contain such a charge generation layer and/or charge transport layer exhibit improved lifetimes.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography containing an undercoating film, that remains largely unaffected by environmental factors. The photoconductor exhibits stable electrical properties and allows for thickening of the undercoating film so that dielectric breakdown is not caused even when a contact charging method is used. The photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoating film on the conductive substrate and a photosensitive film on the undercoating film. The undercoating film contains a conductive polymer, an alkaline metal salt, a binder resin and an inorganic pigment.

Abstract: A toner comprised of resin, colorant, and a surface additive mixture of a magnetite and a polyvinylidene fluoride.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner having a volume-average particle diameter of from 3 to 15 .mu.m. The toner comprises a spherical particulate material having an average circularity of not less than 0.97 having a colorant encapsulated in a binder resin. The binder resin is a styrene-acrylic resin having an acid value of from 30 to 150 which is at least partly crosslinked. The tetrahydrofuran insoluble content in the whole of the binder resin including crosslinkd portions in the particulate material is from 0.5 to 70% by weight.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of a polyester resin with hydrophobic end groups, colorant, optional wax, optional charge additive, and optional surface additives.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is composed of toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax composition. The wax composition comprises an ester wax (1) having a long-chain alkyl group, and a wax (2). The wax (2) shows a maximum heat-absorption peak in a range of 40-130.degree. C. on temperature increase on a DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) curve, and gives a .sup.13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrum showing a total peak area S in a range of 0-50 ppm, a total peak area S1 in a range of 36-42 ppm, and a total peak area S2 in a range of 10-17 ppm, satisfying: 1.0.ltoreq.(S1/S).times.100.ltoreq.10, 1.5.ltoreq.(S2/S).times.100.ltoreq.15, and S.sub.1 <S.sub.2. The toner particles contain A wt. parts of the ester wax (1), B wt. parts of the wax (2) and C wt. parts of the colorant, respectively per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin, satisfying: 3.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.30, 0.2.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.10, 4.ltoreq.A+B.ltoreq.40, 0.02.ltoreq.B/A.ltoreq.0.5, and 0.02.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotosensitive material comprising a photosensitive layer containing a m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1A and R.sup.1B are the same or different and indicate an alkyl group; and R.sup.1C, R.sup.1D, R.sup.1E and R.sup.1F are the same or different and indicate a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, which has high sensitivity and issuperior in stability to strong light, durability and heat resistance, and an image forming method capable of realizing more higher speed and more larger energy saving than the prior art.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner composition is disclosed, including toner particles containing a coloring agent, a binder resin and at least two kinds of additives, wherein these additives satisfy the relationship, 4<((.di-elect cons..sub.H -.di-elect cons..sub.L)/0.75+log(f))<16, in which f in Hz corresponds to a 1 kHz frequency used for the present dielectric constant measurements, and .di-elect cons..sub.H and .di-elect cons..sub.L are respectively highest and lowest values of dielectric constants obtained at 1 kHz for the additives.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus with improved blue sensitivity comprises: a) a charging means; b) an exposure means, which includes light of a wavelength between 350 and 500 nanometers, and c) a photoconductive element comprising an electrically conductive base, two or more charge generation layers, at least one charge transport layer, and a protective layer comprising plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon, wherein the fluorine content of the protective layer is equal to or greater than 2.2 and less than 65 atomic percent. A method of making an image is also disclosed.

Abstract: Toner particles comprising a toner resin and a thermosublimable dye wherein the resin has measured at 190.degree. C. a viscosity, .eta., between 30 and 100 mPa.s and a tg.delta. such that 0.015.ltoreq.tg.delta./.eta..ltoreq.0.20. Preferably tg.delta. such that 0.02.ltoreq.tg.delta./.eta.0.05.

Abstract: A magnetic toner includes magnetic toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic iron oxide. The magnetic iron oxide contains 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Al, Sn and Mg, and 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of silicon element on the basis of an iron element; the ratio (B.sub.si /A.sub.Si).times.100 of the content B.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide up to an iron element solubility of 20% by weight to the total content A.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide is 45 to 85%; the ratio (C.sub.si /A.sub.Si).times.100 of the content C.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide up to an iron element solubility of 10% by weight to the total content A.sub.Si is 35 to 70%; and the magnetic toner has a weight average particle diameter of 3.5 to 10.0 .mu.

Abstract: A photoconductor for use in electrophotographic reproduction devices is disclosed. This photoconductor exhibits reduced room light and cycling fatigue without any corresponding negative impact on the sensitivity of the photoconductor. The photoconductor of the present invention includes specifically defined fluorenyl-azine derivatives in its charge transport layer. These materials have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and phenyl, and R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and phenyl.

Abstract: An allyloxymethylatedpolyamide composition is disclosed, the allyloxymethylatedpolyamide being represented by Formulae I and II: ##STR1## wherein: n is a positive integer sufficient to achieve a weight average molecular weight between about 5000 and about 100,000,R is an alkylene unit containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,between 1 and 99 percent of the R.sub.2 sites are --H, andbetween 1 and 99 percent of the R.sub.2 sites are --H, and the remainder of the R.sub.2 sites is between 25 percent and 99 percent --CH.sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.w --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, whereinw is 1, 2 or 3,between 1 and 75 percent of the R.sub.2 sites are --CH.sub.2 --O--R.sub.5, andR.sub.5 is an alkyl unit containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and ##STR2## wherein: m is a positive integer sufficient to achieve a weight average molecular weight between about 5000 and about 100,000,R.sub.1 and R are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene units containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,between 1 and 99 percent of the R.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive body has a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer on a conductive substrate. The charge transporting layer contains a zinc carboxylate compound expressed by the following General Formula (I):(Ar--COO.sup.-)(R--COO.sup.-)Zn.sup.2+ [I]wherein:Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group andR is a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groupA method for the manufacture of the electrophotographic photosensitive body is also disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, this invention discloses polyester-based toner particles suitable to be dyed directly and coated with charge control agent and flow agent to result in particles suitable for color toner applications. The particles have ideal particle size, shape and distribution for such applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic image developer comprising a toner and a carrier wherein the toner includes toner particles having an average particle diameter of 3 to 9 .mu.m, a hydrophobic silica microparticles having a BET specific surface area of 40 to 120 m.sup.2 /g, and a hydrophobic titanium compound microparticles having a BET specific surface area of 40 to 250 m.sup.2 /g; and wherein the carrier is a resin coated carrier having a coating layer of a resin. The electrostatic image developer can improve the environmental dependency of charging, power fluidity, resistance to caking of a toner and reduced change in charging with time course to provide an image with an excellent image quality for a long period of time.