Abstract: A climate control system includes an electromagnetic compressor that receives a noble gas in a first state and compresses the gas to a second state without a change in phase. The climate control system also includes a gas cooler operatively connected to the electromagnetic compressor, such that the gas cooler receives the gas in the second state and cools the gas to a third state without a change of phase. The climate control system further includes a power generator operatively connected to said gas cooler, such that the power generator receives the gas in the third state and decreases a pressure and an enthalpy of the gas without changing phase to a fourth state. The climate control system still further includes a cooler core operatively connected to the power generator, such that the cooler core receives the gas in the fourth state and air to be cooled, and operatively extracts heat from the air and returns the gas without changing phase to the first state.

Abstract: The process and the apparatus serve for the low-temperature fractionation of air. Compressed and prepurified feed air (3, 5) is introduced into a rectification system for nitrogen-oxygen separation which has a pressure column (6). At least a part of the compressed and prepurified feed air is fed (5) to the pressure column (6). An oxygen-enriched fraction (13) is taken off from the pressure column (6) and passed (14) to a further working step (7) within the rectification system. The oxygen-enriched fraction (13) is taken off at least one theoretical or actual plate (15) above the point at which the compressed and prepurified feed air (5) is fed to the pressure column. From the bottom of the pressure column (6) a purge fraction (16) is removed in the. liquid state, fed in the liquid state to a purification stage (17), in which N2O is removed, and is taken off from the purification stage (17) as purified purge fraction (18).

Abstract: A process and device is provided for cooling extruded hollow sections, especially pipes, that are made of plastic. Liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is directed into the interior of the plastic hollow section through an extruder head and is depressurized in at least one depressurization nozzle, whereby carbon dioxide in gaseous and solid form is produced. The carbon dioxide that is in gaseous form is directed to the inner wall of the hollow section, while carbon dioxide snow is brought into heat exchange with the inner wall of hollow section only to the extent that the latter is not damaged.

Abstract: Fire prevention and suppression systems and breathable fire-extinguishing compositions are provided for rooms, houses and buildings, transportation tunnels and vehicles, underground and underwater facilities, marine vessels, aircraft, space stations and vehicles, military installations and vehicles, and other human occupied objects and facilities. The system provides a low-oxygen (hypoxic) fire-preventive atmosphere at standard atmospheric or slightly increased pressure. The system employs an oxygen-extraction apparatus supplying oxygen-depleted air inside a human-occupied area or storing it in a high-pressure container for use in case of fire. A breathable fire-extinguishing composition, being mostly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and having oxygen content ranging from 12% to 17% for fire-preventive environments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing direct contact refrigeration to a heat source wherein refrigeration is generated using a recirculating defined multicomponent refrigerant fluid, and transferred to a direct contact refrigerant fluid which directly contacts the heat source.

Abstract: The efficiency and capacity of an air compressor (10) (FIG. 1) are increased by pre-cooling the inlet air to below the dew point in air chiller (11), and then injecting the resulting condensate into the chilled air in the form of fog-sized droplets in a fogger (16). The advantages extend to combustion engines, and especially to regenerative combustion turbines.

Abstract: An improved freezer and plant gas system that harnesses the cooling properties of the plant gas evaporator to facilitate energy and cryogen savings, as well as the automation and optimization of a plant thermal processing system. The freezer preferably includes an internally mounted evaporator sized to meet the gas requirements of the plant processes requiring inert gas. By evaporating the plant gas in the freezer, the freezer can be remotely located from the liquid cryogen source while still making liquid cryogen available when called for during a cryogenic treatment process metal or other materials. In addition, by evaporating in the freezer the freezer is able to harness the cooling properties of the evaporator to pre-cool the freezer and material prior to use of liquid in the cooling cycle. Alternatively, a liquid load basket is adapted to economically thermally treat materials in a deep cryogenic treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus for refrigerating goods in a container storing a cryogenic fluid and means for discharging the fluid into the container in order to reduce the temperature therein, characterized in that the storing means is adapted to operate at atmospheric pressures but not at pressures substantially greater than atmospheric. Such a system provides a single and inexpensive means for refrigerating goods in a transportable container, which may be divisible into smaller compartments, and may also be provided with eutectic plates to act as a thermal “buffer” whenever the container/a compartment is opened for loading/unloading.

Abstract: A piston includes a circumferential groove having a seal ring and spring mounted within the groove. The spring exerts an axial force on the seal ring thereby preventing motion of the seal ring within the groove. Preferably, the spring in a wave spring, wherein small changes in deflection of the wave spring produces small changes in the load generated by the spring on the seal ring. The seal ring has at least one radial spring ring mounted within the seal ring to create a radial force on the seal ring. The piston can also include a sleeve that mounts to the piston body, the sleeve forming a wall of the groove. The piston can be a displacer mounted within a cylinder of a refrigerator.

Abstract: Liquid CO2 is expanded in specially designed primary and secondary nozzles to produce frozen solid CO2. The impurities initially contained in the liquid CO2 are trapped inside of the frozen CO2, which is collected in a clean container. The container is emptied on top of a high purity surface. The impurities are concentrated on the surface, since these impurities are non-volatile and do not escape with the CO2 gas formed as the frozen CO2 is heated by the ambient temperature to its sublimation point. After all of the frozen CO2 has sublimed, the surface can be analysed by standard analysis methods to determine quantity and composition of the impurities. The determination and quantification of non-volatile impurities, such as organic oils and greases, in the CO2 supply that feeds, for example, cleaning systems utilizing CO2, is thus made possible.

Abstract: A process for separating a feed gas stream containing methane, C2 components, C3 components, and heavier components into a volatile gas stream containing a major portion of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile stream containing a major portion of the C3 and heavier components by adjusting the temperature and pressure of the feed gas stream and charging it to a separator/absorber where the gas stream is separated into a first gas stream containing a major portion of the methane and C2 components with a minor content of C3 and heavier components and a first liquid stream containing a major portion of the C3 and heavier components with a lesser concentration of C2 and lighter components with the first liquid stream being fractionated in a deethanizer into an overhead stream and a bottoms stream with the bottoms stream containing primarily C3 and heavier components with the overhead stream containing primarily C2 and lighter components being at least partially condensed and separated into a liquid re

Abstract: An air conditioning system and method are provided for use in an aircraft having a pressurized area and an unpressurized area. The air conditioning system includes an air conditioning pack located in the unpressurized area of the aircraft that conditions fresh air. The air conditioning system also includes a first air duct for directing a flow of recirculation air from the pressurized area, through a pressure bulkhead, and into the unpressurized area. A mixer is also provided and advantageously positioned in the unpressurized area for mixing the conditioned air from the air conditioning pack and the recirculation air from the pressurized area. Advantageously, the mixer obviates the need for a mix manifold and saves valuable space for passengers, cargo, and other aircraft equipment. The air conditioning system also includes a second air duct that directs the mixture of conditioned air and recirculation air from the mixer to the pressurized area of the aircraft.

Abstract: A cooling and heating system using a vortex tube is disclosed. The system is attached to an equipment enclosure used for telecommunications, cable television and the like where a cold airstream from the vortex tube is directed to the sealed upper chamber of the enclosure, the upper chamber typically containing heat generating electronic components. The hot airstream generated by the vortex tube can be used to maintain an elevated temperature which prolongs the life of certain batteries and enhances their efficiency. Cold plates, heat exchangers, air jets and the like may be used in conjunction with the vortex tube to increase the cooling or heating of preselected components or items.

Abstract: Fire prevention and suppression systems and breathable fire-extinguishing compositions are provided for rooms, houses and buildings, transportation tunnels and vehicles, underground and underwater facilities, marine vessels, submarines, passenger and military aircraft, space stations and vehicles, military installations and vehicles, and all other human occupied objects and facilities. The system provides a breathable hypoxic fire-preventative atmosphere at standard atmospheric or local ambient pressure. The system employs an oxygen-extraction apparatus supplying oxygen-depleted air inside a human-occupied area or storing it in a high-pressure container for use in case of fire. A breathable fire-extinguishing composition is introduced for constant fire-preventive environments, being mostly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and having oxygen content ranging from 12% to 17%.

Abstract: A floating structure having an oscillation angle i not more than about 10°, bears an air distilling column with corrugated criss-cross packing. The undulating configuration of the corrugated strips of at least one pack is selected such that d/i<0.6, where d is the axis deviation of the cone spreading the liquid, when each pair of adjacent strips of the pack is inclined at an angle i in its general plane.

Abstract: A cryogenic rectification method for increasing the recovery of argon produced in an argon column of a cryogenic air separation plant wherein liquid nitrogen is mixed with higher pressure column kettle liquid to produce a liquid refrigeration mixture to drive the top condenser.

Abstract: A counter flow, re-circulating, externally refrigerated auger type chiller. The chiller has a tank that is semi-cylindrical in shape so that the walls of the tank conform closely to the circular cross section of the auger. By minimizing the gap between the walls of the tank and the outer edges of the rotating auger, the counter flowing chilled water is forced to flow in the helical path determined by the auger. This assures a longer residence time for the chilled water in the auger, more thorough and more intimate contact between the poultry carcasses and the chilled water, and thus more efficient transfer of heat from the poultry carcasses to the chilled water.

Abstract: A system, especially useful under cryogenic conditions, for downflowing cocurrent condensation of vapor against downflowing partially vaporizing liquid, wherein the condensing vapor flows within tubes having fluted internal surfaces and the boiling liquid flows along the outer surfaces of the tubes having re-entrant cavities.

Abstract: A pulse tube expander includes a regenerator, a pulse tube, a porous plug phase shifter, and a surge tank, in series gaseous communication with each other. The porous plug phase shifter is made of a porous material such as a sintered mass or a packed solid bed of distinct, free-flowing bodies. The porous plug phase shifter introduces a phase shift between the pressure wave and the mass flow rate in the pulse tube expander. The porous plug phase shifter is resistant to clogging due to contamination that may be present in the system.

Abstract: An improved liquid cryogen dewar for storing cryobiological materials is disclosed having an inner tank with a reservoir holding a pool of liquid cryogen. A rotatable tray is contained within the inner tank, containing a platform, vertical dividers and a thermally conductive cylindrical outer sleeve, which contains a skirt extending into the pool of liquid cryogen. The sleeve transfers entering heat away from the cryobiological materials and into the liquid cryogen pool. The sleeve maintains a consistently low temperature throughout the vertically disposed shelves of the cryobiological materials contained within the inner tank.