Abstract: The fault detection system includes at least one valid zero sequence voltage source, either from a local relay or a remote relay on a protected line. Zero sequence current is selected between total (vector sum from both ends of the protected line) measured zero sequence current or calculated zero sequence current. A zero sequence impedance-based calculation is then made and the result is compared against a threshold value to produce a trip decision. The trip decision is then applied through a normal tripping circuit or a slow tripping circuit, depending upon selected circuit conditions, involving the local and remote ends of the line.

Abstract: A surge protection device is disclosed that includes an input path for receiving an rf signal, dc power, and a surge, an output path for propagating the rf signal, and a dc blocking device coupled in series between the input path and the output path. The surge protection device also includes a first inductor coupled to the input path for isolating the rf signal and providing a path for the dc power, a gas tube coupled to the first inductor for routing a portion of the surge to a ground plane, a second inductor coupled to the first inductor for providing a path for the dc power, and a metal oxide varistor coupled to the second inductor for routing a portion of the surge to the ground plane.

Abstract: A pulsing apparatus for an electrical system includes line and neutral terminals structured to input a nominal alternating current line voltage, a timing mechanism or circuit for generating a timing signal having a duty cycle from the line voltage; a transformer for transforming the line voltage to a stepped up voltage having the duty cycle; load and load neutral terminals; and an output circuit for outputting a current at about the stepped up voltage to the load and load neutral terminals. The stepped up voltage is greater than the line voltage and less than a rated voltage of the electrical system. The stepped up voltage is adapted to identify an arcing fault in the electrical system. The duty cycle limits an average value of the current to less than about 4 mA to about 6 mA.

Abstract: Switchgear, in particular relays and/or contactors having a solenoid system with armature and yoke, a coil and an open- and/or closed-loop control device of the switchgear drive are described, wherein actual values of drive-specific parameters are detected by sensors. After a switching command, the open- and/or closed-loop control device does not affect an output quantity (e.g., coil current) until at least one predefined threshold value of the switching parameters (for example, of contact speed) is attained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing improved reliability in a protective circuit. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide improved reliability by coupling the outputs of functional elements of redundant protective circuits through OR gates to the inputs of subsequent functional elements. By this cross-coupling of individual circuit output signals between redundant circuit blocks, a failure of any functional element can be bypassed, allowing any non-failed functional element to supply the signal missing from a failed functional element.

Abstract: A fused electrical disconnect device includes a housing defining a cartridge receptacle. A line interface and a load interface are disposed within the receptacle. A line terminal extends into the body and is in electrical communication with the line interface. A load terminal also extends into the body and is in electrical communication with the load interface. A fuse holding cartridge is removably insertable into the cartridge receptacle and releasably accommodates a load protection fuse. The fuse holding cartridge establishes an electrical current path between the line and load interfaces when the fuse holding cartridge accommodates a load protection fuse and is inserted into the cartridge receptacle. An alarm signal circuit is also in electrical communication with the line and load terminals. The alarm signal circuit generates an alarm signal when the electrical current path is interrupted and the line and load terminals are electrically coupled to a power source and a load respectively.

Abstract: An ionizer control system uses a short-range wireless communication means implemented with, for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark) between an ionizer, an ion monitor, and a server, and that automatically evaluates the performance of the ionizer and the ion monitor, monitors the operational state thereof, and adjusts the ion balance. The ionizer control system includes an ionizer, an ion monitor, and a server, each having communication means that complies with a short-distance wireless communication standard, such as Bluetooth. For example, ionizer control data, including the magnitude and time of a positive or negative voltage applied to emitters, and operational state data are transmitted and received between the server and the ionizer. For example, ion monitor control data, such as a charge start voltage applied to a charge plate and a stop voltage, and operational state data are transmitted and received between the server and the ion monitor.

Abstract: A rectifier circuit matched for power factor correction. A first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a third diode (D3) and a fourth diode (D4) are in a bridge arrangement. A first pole (10) and a second pole (12) of the bridge arrangement are connected to a source (U) which has at least one AC voltage component. An inductance (L1) is arranged in series with the third pole (14) or the fourth pole (16) of the bridge arrangement. A capacitance (C1) is connected between the first pole (10) and the second pole (12), and two of the four diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) are in the form of fast diodes.

Abstract: It is to provide an electrostatic chuck member having a strong adsorption force and an excellent responsibility (release property) in the stop of voltage application and is an electrostatic chuck member comprising a substrate, an undercoat of a metallic layer formed on at least one surface thereof, a lower insulating layer of Al2O3 ceramic formed on the undercoat, a metallic electrode layer formed on the lower insulating layer and an upper insulating layer of Al2O3 ceramic formed on the electrode layer as a topcoat.

Abstract: A connector is provided that eliminates a conductive portion and is free from mechanical contact at its coupling portion. A pair of holders is provided with an interface unit and cables extending outwardly are connected to one part of the interface unit, and radio wave-electric signal mutual converting elements built in the holders are connected to the other part of the interface unit. The pair of holders is allowed to be coupled in proximity by means of a coupling mechanism made from a flexible electromagnetic field shielding material, and a radio wave propagation space is formed at the coupling proximity portion of a pair of the holders which is shut out from the electromagnetic field of the outside. The radio wave-electric signal mutual converting elements of a pair of the holders conduct the reception and transmission of the radio wave mutually by being opposed in proximity by means of the radio wave propagation space.

Abstract: The present invention achieves technical advantages as a circuit (10) detecting excess current on a servo driver IC and preventing the disruptive damage which can be caused by the excess current. Typically, an isolation (Iso) FET 12 is part of the servo driver IC. The detection circuitry (10) has a sensing FET (14) having only a small silicon area whereby the detection circuit (10) is independent of the Iso FET current (Icc) path, being in parallel rather than in series. The detection circuitry also allows production tests on much smaller current thresholds.

Abstract: A device is disclosed to determine when a resistive load is connected to a source of alternating current (“AC”) power. The device includes a signal path and an AC power path. The device also includes a processor connected to a sensing circuit for determining a current level in the AC power path. The processor indicates an off condition according to the current level. The device also includes a power switch for turning off the AC power when instructed by the processor during the off condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for preventing damage to a system due to runaway current and provides for the reactivation of the system. The shutdown and reactivation method and apparatus includes a driving circuit which supplies an output current to a load. If a runaway current condition occurs in the system the shutdown and reactivation apparatus is activated by triggering a shutdown signal which deactivates the driving circuit such that the output current is no longer supplied to the load. The shutdown signal activates a charging circuit, which supplies a charging current to the load. A first monitoring circuit is coupled with the load, and configured to monitor an output voltage across the load when the shutdown and reactivation apparatus is in the active state.

Abstract: A silicon-on-insulator low-voltage-triggered silicon controlled rectifier device structure that is built upon a substrate and an insulation layer. The insulation layer has a plurality of isolation structures thereon to define a device region. A first-type well and a second-type well are formed over the insulation layer. The first-type and second-type wells are connected. A first gate and a second gate are formed over the first-type well and the second-type well, respectively. The first-type well further includes a first second-type doped region and a first first-type doped region formed between the first second-type doped region and the isolation structure adjacent to the first second-type doped region. The first second-type doped region and the first first-type doped region together form a cathode of the SOI-SCR device. A second first-type doped region is formed within the first-type well between the first second-type doped region and the first gate structure adjacent to the first second-type doped region.

Abstract: An exemplary device and method for providing electric service are disclosed. The exemplary method for providing construction power during the construction of a facility and providing permanent power at the facility thereafter, includes installing an electric service device of the present invention at a construction site that, when energized, is operable to provide metered construction power through an electrical outlet at the device during construction of the facility and to provide metered permanent power at the facility thereafter. The method includes obtaining inspection approval of the installation of the device, and locking the device to provide metered construction power when energized. The method further includes installing a meter in the device to measure energy consumption of metered construction power and metered permanent power, and energizing the device to provide metered construction power at the construction site.

Abstract: The power supply system includes an alternator that generates electric power according to the number of revolutions of an engine mounted in a vehicle and charges a predetermined battery; an output unit for outputting the electric power from the charged battery to the outside; a power generation control unit that detects the current amount of the electric power transmitted from the battery to the output unit and sets the number of engine revolutions according to the detected current amount; and an engine control unit that controls the number of revolutions of the engine in accordance with the number of engine revolutions set by the power generation control unit.

Abstract: FI over-voltage crowbar provides lightning surge and ESD protection. The crowbar has a clamping transistor, which is driven by a mirror-amplifier. When an input surge voltage is higher than the voltage of a Zener diode, the mirror-amplifier will be switched on and generate an amplified voltage. The amplified voltage works together with a speed-up capacitor easily to switch on the clamping transistor. The mirror-amplifier has an n-transistor and two p-transistors, which provide sufficient headroom for the turn-on of a clamping transistor. The over-voltage crowbar of this invention rapidly drives the clamping transistor to low impedance, thereby achieving a higher sustenance rating for lightning surge and ESD in the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus for magnetothermal and differential protection, of the type comprising a device for sensing differential currents associated with a magnetothermal protection switch, comprises a differential current sensor connected to an input of a controlled gain signal amplifier, in turn connected to a plurality of light indicators arranged to go on progressively in dependence on the sensor. The apparatus provides a quantitative and qualitative measurement of the stray current.