Abstract: An apparatus comprising a delivering device including a probe and operative to suck at least one kind of liquids such as a plurality of reagents, samples or the like from respective vessels into the probe and deliver the liquid thus sucked from the probe into a reaction vessel. In such kind of delivering apparatus, provision is made of the improvement in which the probe is movable along a given moving path, the vessels containing the liquids to be delivered being provided with suction openings arranged at a plurality of fixed positions along the moving path of the probe, and in which the reaction vessel is movable along a path adjacent to and crossed with the moving path of the probe, and in which provision is made of means for locating the probe at any sucking position or at a delivering position with respect to the reaction vessel where the moving path of the probe is adjacent to or crossed with the moving path of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: In a carbon black manufacturing process in which an off-specification rerun carbon black is mixed with the carbon black flowing from a carbon black reactor to produce a combined carbon black stream, method and apparatus is provided for controlling the carbon black process so as to insure that the combined carbon black stream will meet predetermined specifications. The feed flow to the carbon black reactor is controlled in response to a comparison of a prediction of the actual surface area of the combined carbon black stream with the desired surface area of the combined carbon black stream so as to provide a combined carbon black stream made up of carbon black particles which have a desired surface area.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for photometrically analyzing a stream under test containing both chlorine and chlorine dioxide is characterized by heating a portion of the stream to decompose any chlorine dioxide therein into elemental chlorine. This heated portion of the stream is photometrically analyzed to determine the concentration of chlorine produced by the decomposition of chlorine dioxide, taking into account the concomitant dilution produced thereby.

Abstract: An automatic analyzer for measuring a combustible gas dissolved in an oil such as an insulating oil in a transformer includes a gas desorbing device, a gas discharger and a combustible gas detector. The oil is sampled and the gas dissolved in the oil is desorbed by bubbling air and a mixed gas of the desorbed gas and air is fed into a bellows type gas discharger and the concentration of the combustible gas is measured by the combustible gas detector.

Abstract: In a photometric solution analyzer of the rotary type wherein a carousel includes a multiplicity of improved cuvettes, the carousel being journaled on a shaft driven by a motor, the analyzer further including means for permitting transfer of radiant energy from a source thereof to a detector therefor along an optical path passing through at least part of each of the cuvettes, the cuvettes being disposed about the carousel for receiving and mixing a reagent and a sample, each improved cuvette comprising a sample holding means being disposed in each cuvette for receiving the sample, the sample holding means being located radially outward from the center of the carousel, and a chamber being disposed for receiving the reagent, the chamber being located below the sample holding means and radially inward of the sample holding means, the chamber further being disposed in the optical path so that radiant energy is passed therethrough, whereby rotation of the carousel causes the reagent in each cuvette to flow towards

Abstract: An optical timing and A/D conversion method and apparatus for converting analog signals obtained by movement of a plurality of reaction vessels relative to one or more beams of light from analog to digital signals. The sample signals are obtained each time a reaction vessel passes through a beam of light. The converted digital signals indicate the absorbance of the respective vessels and their contents. Each of the reaction vessels or cuvettes has translucent wall portions providing a radiation path therethrough for the light beams which may be monitored by photometer means in a chemical reaction analyzer. The vessels are repeatedly passed through the light beams of the photometer means as chemical reactions take place therein, the purpose being to monitor the changes in the reaction of the fluids therein by measuring the changes in the absorbance of the vessel and fluids.

Abstract: A method for determining low level concentrations of alkaline earth metals in a concentrated aqueous alkali metal chloride brine containing alkaline earth metal ions comprises heating a sample of the brine to a temperature sufficient to remove water and form anhydrous alkali metal chloride. The anhydrous alkali metal chloride is then further heated to a temperature range in which the alkali metal chloride undergoes a change. The anhydrous alkali metal chloride is then vaporized and the alkaline earth metals atomized and passed through an analyzer where the concentration of alkaline earth metals are determined.Using the method of the present invention, alkaline earth metals such as calcium can be detected in concentrations as low as 1 part per billion, while magnesium can be detected in concentrations as low as 0.4 parts per billion.

Abstract: The concentration of a substance of interest is measured by exposing a peable-membrane face of an indicator chamber containing an indicator to the substance, monochromator radiation being incident upon the indicator through a transparent wall of the indicator chamber, the exiting radiation being received by a light-metering unit for ascertainment of the effect upon the indicator's absorbence of fluorescence of the substance of interest. The indicator substance is additionally exposed to a reference substance of known concentration which is permitted to engage the indicator substance by diffusion through such permeable membrane, in order that the indicator be calibrated.

Abstract: The characteristics of a sample body fluid are determined in a chemical analyzer by sensing the transmittance of light by the sample fluid and reagents during a reaction period. A beam of light is directed onto a cuvette containing the sample body fluid and reagent. A portion of the light is absorbed by the cuvette, the sample fluid and reagent. The remainder of the light is transmitted to a sensor which provides an analog electrical transmittance signal proportional thereto. The analog signal is logarithmically amplified, and is applied to a peak detector. A structure adjacent the cuvette provides a strobe signal such that the analog signal always has a peak amplitude during the strobe signal. The peak detector senses the peak amplitude of the analog signal during the strobe signal and the peak amplitude is converted to a digital value representing absorbance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring combustible gases in which an active sensor is maintained at controlled, temperature in respect of a reference sensor by means of a bridge-sampling system and a variable duty cycle system responsive to the bridge sampling system adapted to periodically bypass the current from the active sensor in a reference bridge network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a blood smear on a microscope slide wherein a diluent is applied to the slide, the slide is spun so as to be coated with a thin layer of diluent, a blood sample then is dispensed on the slide, and the slide is spun a second time to spread the blood sample over the slide.

Abstract: An analyzer apparatus and a method of analyte detection are disclosed, the apparatus featuring an incubator and detecting means. The incubator is designed to guide a sequence of test elements therethrough while each element is in contact with adjacent elements. Optional means are included for urging the elements to move through the incubator to the detecting means.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for analyzing the structure of light burst activity ich is generated by a particular light source, such as a group of bioluminescent organisms. The apparatus includes a photon detector for detecting discrete photons of light occurring proximate to the source during each sampling time in a series of sampling times, and further includes a counter coupled to the photon detector for providing successive photon counts, a photon count being the number of discrete photons detected by the photon detector during one of the sampling times. A pulse height analyzing device is coupled to the counter for providing a distribution of the photon counts over the sampling time series.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide contained in the flue-gas from a heating unit is removed in a nitrogen oxide removal unit by injection of nitrogen oxide removing agent in an amount determined by the amount of the nitrogen oxide contained in the flue-gas. Such amount of nitrogen oxide contained in the flue-gas is detected, on the one hand, by the estimation obtained through calculation using factors such as rate of supply of fuel to the heating unit and concentration of oxygen in the flue-gas, and on the other hand, by direct measurement, for a fail-safe system.

Abstract: An automatic sample supply apparatus is provided with a delivery tube which aspirates liquid samples from sample containers mounted on a turntable and delivers the samples to a dosing aperture of a graphite tube of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer or to the sample input of other analytical instruments. The turntable also carries at least one flushing discharge container which is of similar form to the sample container, but has an aperture in the side wall. When the turntable is indexed so that the delivery tube enters the flushing discharge container, a solenoid valve is opened to allow a flushing liquid from a container to flow through the delivery tube and into the flushing discharge container. The aperture in the wall of the flushing discharge container is dimensioned so that the flushing liquid will only flow through it when a given head of liquid exists above the top of the aperture.

Abstract: In a catalytic recombiner system a stoichiometric mixture of oxygen and hydrogen are carried by a nitrogen stream through a catalytic converter. The stoichiometric mix is maintained by introducing oxygen into the stream under control of logic circuitry. The logic circuitry responds to the hydrogen level in an inlet stream and to oxygen levels before and after the catalytic converter.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for analyzing the nitrogen trichloride concentration in gases containing it utilizing an ultraviolet light source. Unabsorbed filtered light collected from the sample at a wavelength of about 218 nm is compared with a standard at a wavelength of about 260 nm and the resultant is expressed in terms of nitrogen trichloride concentration.

Abstract: In an analyzer of the kind in which a reflectometer contacts a test element during scanning of the element, means are provided for moving test elements to and from the reflectometer in a manner avoiding significant contact wear of the reflectometer.

Abstract: Standards solutions and test samples are necessary for blood gas analyzers. Production of such standards and test samples has only been possible with relatively expensive apparatus. Such standards and test samples are provided herein by apparatus 10 which equilibrates a liquid 12 with a gas 14. The apparatus 10 includes a barrel 16 open at a first end 18 and at a second end 20. A piston 22 fits matingly reciprocally within the barrel 16. A flow control 26 allows the gas 14 to flow into the second end 20 of the barrel 16 and prevents the liquid 12 from flowing out of the second end 20 of the barrel 16. The gas 14 is allowed to flow out of the barrel 16 above a liquid level 44 therein. A method utilizing the apparatus 10 to prepare standard and test sample solutions is also set out.

Abstract: A sample tray feeding apparatus comprising a sample tray accommodating container having an opening for inserting sample trays and another opening at the lower end thereof, and a sample tray feeding mechanism for shifting said sample trays from said opening located at the lower end, said sample tray feeding apparatus being so adapted as to accommodate a large number of sample trays in said accommodating container in piled up condition and feed said sample trays consecutively from the lower ones to a sample adhering position through the opening located at the lower end by operating said sample tray feeding mechanism.