Abstract: Method is provided for the operation of substantially constant flow rate sample analysis apparatus in such manner that the adverse effects upon sample analysis accuracy of periodic variations in analysis apparatus flow rate and/or sample-analysis reagent proportioning are negated to insure the sample-to-sample consistency and accuracy of the sample analysis results.

Abstract: A general purpose apparatus for measuring the chemical and physical state of flowing liquid materials and chemical additives and for introducing chemical materials to the stream uses a Venturi or other apparatus in which differential pressure is developed as an incident to fluid flow. It is arranged to be used both as a sample pump, a chemical additive pump, and as a differential pressure meter for use in calculating flow rates. The process method includes chemical addition at rates determined by pressure differential at the Venturi and for times which bear a selected relation to that differential pressure, temperature and the chemical state of the liquid. It also includes special temperature comparisons and flushing of chemical addition lines on an optional basis.

Abstract: A method of measuring gas, vapor and aerosol components in an air sample, using a gas detecting device, includes a glass tube having openable ends for the flow of test gas therethrough and a filter therein entraining components to be measured, comprises, breaking an ampoule of a liquid solvent for the materials entrained by the filter to cause the solvent to pass through the filter into a granular reaction layer and then through an empty chamber. The testing tube includes a liquid lock which is formed by a hydrophobic paper which is disposed downstream of the empty chamber so as to retain the reacting products in the chamber so they may be viewed. The reactant products undergo a color change in proportion to a substance to be detected, such as sulfuric acid, for example.

Abstract: A molecular sieve trap is disclosed for selective trapping of substances in a gas stream, the trap being particularly useful in systems for detecting nitrogen compounds such as N-nitrosamines or nitrogen oxides in a sample. The trap comprises a cartridge containing a packing of a granular adsorbent molecular sieve material with a carefully controlled pore size of about ten angstroms and a preference for adsorbing polar substances. The packing readily passes NO and NO.sub.2 gases in a gas stream directed through the trap while trapping and retaining larger and/or more polar molecules such as those of double-bonded carbon compounds and sulfur compounds which could otherwise interfere with subsequent measurement of the NO or NO.sub.x content of the gas stream. An N-nitroso compound detection system incorporating the molecular sieve trap is described wherein the molecular sieve trap is interposed between a pyrolyzer and a chemiluminescent NO detector to selectively trap substances in the reactor effluent.

Abstract: A glass material is directed into an elongate enclosed conversion chamber, where it is either converted to or maintained in a molten state by heating through the Joule effect. Waste material is directed onto the glass material at the inlet end of the conversion chamber, and sufficient oxygen is directed into the chamber to cause combustion of the waste material which is capable of being burned. A portion of the ashes created by combustion fall on the glass material and become a part thereof. The gaseous combustion products proceed horizontally through the elongate conversion chamber, and additional ash material suspended in the gaseous combustion products settles onto the glass material and also becomes a part thereof. The gaseous exhaust is directed through a plurality of ceramic fiber filter components which capture the small particulate material that remains suspended in the gaseous exhaust.

Abstract: A total carbon dioxide analyzer system has a reaction chamber that includes a tube and a piston mounted for sliding movement in the tube to change the volume of the chamber. A valve coupled to the chamber has a sample inlet port and a reagent inlet port, and is movable between a first state in which the sample inlet port is connected to the chamber, a second state in which the reagent inlet port is connected to the chamber, and a third state in which the reaction chamber is sealed. A system controller coordinately operates the valve and moves the piston to increase the volume of said chamber to draw sample into the chamber for mixing with an acid reagent in the chamber, and then seals the chamber and increases the volume of the chamber to facilitate the release of carbon dioxide. A transducer then senses the pressure of carbon dioxide in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing tests and measurements on liquid samples comprises three identical juxtaposed stationary trays each provided with a plurality of receptacles for the samples to be examined. The receptacles are integrally molded in the trays. The receptacles of the first tray serve as storage vessels for the samples, and the receptacles of the two other trays serve as processing vessels. Three stations arranged above the trays and displaceable with respect to the same in a horizontal plane serve for transferring the samples from the first tray to the second and the third tray, for adding reagents and for discharging the reaction products from the receptacles of the second and the third tray. Each of the stations comprises a carriage displaceable over the trays in an X-direction and a hollow needle for injecting and removing liquids supported by the carriage and displaceable with respect to the same in an Y-direction perpendicular to the X-direction.

Abstract: A device suitable for use in engine exhaust gas to detect actual air/fuel ratio of air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine. The probe of the device has three electrodes. An oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte occupies a space between the first and second electrodes, and a porous layer of similar solid electrolyte occupies a space between the second and third electrodes such that exhaust gas directly contacts the first and third electrodes and also contacts the second electrode through the porous solid electrolyte layer. At least one of the first and second electrodes, particularly the second, is made of a catalytic material, and the first and second electrodes serve as output terminals of the probe. Preferably the second and third electrodes are connected to a DC power supply to force a current to flow through the porous solid electrolyte layer to control oxygen partial pressure at the second electrode surface.

Abstract: An incubator is provided for use with a chemical analyzer of the type in which sample fluids are metered onto analysis slides which are subjected to analyses. The incubator includes a temperature-controlled chamber having a rotor mounted therein which supports slides in a plurality of slide-carrying positions. The slide-carrying positions of the rotor are individually indexable to transfer locations wherein slides may be placed on the rotor or removed therefrom. Cover means supported by the rotor include a plurality of covers associated with the slide-carrying positions. The covers are positionable to an operative position to partially enclose a sample fluid to control evaporation. Control means are provided to selectively move a cover from the operative position to permit an analysis slide to be positioned in the transfer location of the incubator or to be removed therefrom, without disturbing the sample fluid on the slide.

Abstract: In the manufacture of hollow glass articles such as bottles, a gob of molten glass is blown or pressed into a parison in a premold, the parison being then transferred to a final mold where it is allowed to reside for a period sufficient to equalize its temperature before being blown into its ultimate shape. During the latter step, another final mold receives a parison meanwhile formed in the same premold. The two (or more) final molds associated with a given premold are mounted on a turntable for juxtaposition with the premold preparatorily to each transfer step.

Abstract: A system (10) for continuously analyzing drilling mud circulating through a borehole comprises a sampling chamber (12) through which flows the return mud, a sensor (16) mounted in the sampling chamber for detecting hydrogen gas percolating out of the drilling mud and for producing a signal representative of the concentration of hydrogen, and a recorder (34) for recording the signal from the sensor over a period of time. Appropriate circuitry within a control panel (20) is connected between the sensor (16) and recorder (34). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the recorder (34) comprises a clock driven disk recorder.

Abstract: A containment apparatus for liquids. The device may be used with nephelometric instruments to contain sample liquids for serial dilution. The containment apparatus includes a tray section having a plurality of wells formed as an integral part of the tray section. The wells include well portions extending from the tray section such that the well portions are insertible into holes in the turntable rim to secure the tray section to the rim.

Abstract: An improved recording device is described, useful for measuring the integrated time-temperature or integrated radiation-dosage history of an article, comprising a substrate onto which 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-diol-bis-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonate) is deposited. The inactive form is capable of being converted by melt recrystallization to an active form, which undergoes 1,4-addition polymerization resulting in an irreversible, progressive color change. The color change produced at any given point in time represents an integrated time-temperature history of thermal annealing or integrated radiation-dosage history of exposure to actinic radiation to which an article has been exposed.Also described is a process for converting an inactive form of 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-diol-bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonate) to its active form by thermal recrystallization.

Abstract: An alkaline-acid end point detector for titration reactions in which the phenomenon of chemiluminescence is used to detect the end point by monitoring, by means of an electronic light detector, the light output of the reaction materials in a light-tight vessel. The output from the detector is differentiated to detect the maximum output which corresponds to the reaction end point. The detector is useful in the determination of acid numbers in oils and greases.

Abstract: Various embodiments of photoreactors are disclosed which have at least two irradiation chambers with a window therebetween. Ultraviolet radiation is introduced into one of the chambers at a side opposite the window so that it passes through that chamber, through the window and into the other chamber. The fluid medium to be purified is passed through the chambers and subjected to the radiation while in the chambers. The flow of the medium is through the chambers in series. The chambers are optimized in depth with respect to efficiency in terms of the flow-dose rate. In a two chamber photoreactor traversed by parallel radiation the maximum is at a total absorption of about 70 percent and at an absorption of about 27 percent in the chamber immediately adjacent to the radiation source. In an annular two chamber photoreactor with an elongate radiation source extending along the axis thereof the corresponding data are 45 to 65 percent and 16 to 25 percent, respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for processing an analysis slide in a chemical analyzer which is particularly suitable for performing both endpoint and rate analyses. The slide-processing apparatus comprises a slide transfer mechanism for selectively transferring analysis slides between an incubator and a read station. The incubator includes a temperature-controlled chamber having a rotor disposed in a horizontal plane therein comprising slide-holding members adapted to support each of a plurality of analysis slides at individual stations. Each of the individual stations may be selectively positioned to a transfer location wherein the slide carried by the rotor is accessible for removal. The slide transfer mechanism accesses the slide at the transfer location, removes the slide from the incubator, and delivers the slide to the read station. Following analysis at the read station, the slide is returned by the slide transfer mechanism to the incubator if the slide is being employed for rate analysis.

Abstract: A slide distributor is disclosed for transferring analysis slides between a plurality of modular elements in a chemical analyzer. The distributor comprises a rotor having a plurality of radial arms each of which has a slide holder adapted to receive an analysis slide and to transport the slide to a selected location in the analyzer. The slide holders are adapted to interact with locating means at each of the elements to facilitate the processing of the slides and transfer of the slides between the elements.

Abstract: Apparatus particularly suitable for sterilization of a succession of food containers being fed intermittently along a horizontal path, preparatory to the filling of such containers with a desired food. Formed over and under the feed path are two opposed sterilizing chambers into which a sterilizing solution is supplied in subdivided form for application to the successive containers. In some embodiments the sterilizing chambers are provided with spray nozzles for spraying the sterilizing solution onto the containers, while in others the sterilizing solution is ultrasonically atomized into fine mist in a separate atomizing section, the mist being then directed into the sterilizing chambers. The apparatus further includes heaters for heating the sterilizing chambers and other pertinent parts in order to afford subdivision of the sterilizing solution into fine, uniform droplets and to prevent their condensation into large drops.

Abstract: N-nitrosamines in samples containing other nitrogen compounds may be selectively and quantitatively detected by use of a method and apparatus which provides for the quantitative detection of N-nitrosamines by gas chromatography, the pyrolysis of the qualitatively determined N-nitrosamines in a gold or platinum reaction environment at temperatures ranging from 500.degree. to 700.degree. C. and the quantitative determination of ammonia produced by the pyrolysis reaction by electrolytic conductivity detection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for parallel feeding of small volumes of fluids in several essentially parallel flexible hoses. The invention is characterized by a pumping bar (3) arranged essentially perpendicular to the hoses (5) and supported on and driven by an excentric in a pendulous motion, and by at least one hose clamp (1,2) operated synchronously with the pumping bar (3) for clamping the hoses (5) together when they are not influenced by the pumping bar (3).