Abstract: A self-referencing microdoppler ladar receiver is provided for detecting the vibration of a target based upon an analysis of backscattered signals without a local reference derived from the transmitter. The self-referencing microdoppler ladar receiver includes a frequency shifter for receiving a backscattered signal from the target and for controllably shifting the frequency of the backscattered signal. The self-referencing microdoppler ladar receiver also includes an interferometer, such as a Mach Zender interferometer, for directing portions of the frequency shifted signals along first and second paths of unequal length and for combining the portions of the frequency shifted signals to produce first and second output signals. The self-referencing microdoppler ladar receiver also includes a signal processor for providing a feedback signal to control the frequency shifter based upon differences in the respective power levels of the first and second output signals.

Abstract: A television converter includes a circuit for detecting scrambled signals and enabling the descrambler in response thereto. Scrambled signals are detected by sensing amplitude modulated digital tag information on the audio carrier. The descrambler is enabled if amplitude modulation is detected on the audio carrier during the portion of a horizontal line where digital information is expected, and also if no amplitude modulation is detected during a portion of the horizontal line where no data is expected. The scrambled signal detector of the present invention reduces the tendency for noise and other influences to enable the scrambler when viewing a clear, i.e. unscrambled, signal.

Abstract: System for the secret transmission of audio signals having at one end a coding arrangement comprising an input low-pass filter which selects the secret audio signals to be transmitted, two parallel signal paths at the output of this filter, each path having a modulator of the phase-inverting type and a further low-pass filter, a stage for generating two modulation signals of the frequencies F.sub.1 and F.sub.2 and a first change-over switch which alternately switches through the output of the two paths in dependence of the state of a binary quasi-random signal, the encoded audio signals to be transmitted being available at the output of the change-over switch, and in which at the other end there is a decoding arrangement comprising a stage for regenerating the modulation signals of the said frequencies F.sub.1 and F.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for coherent transient Stark switching for low power modulation of an infrared laser beam at a gigahertz rate and a nanosecond risetime. When a molecular frequency of a gas that has been excited by an electric field is shifted out of resonance relative to a laser beam by a coherent Stark pulse, the shifted excited molecular frequency will heterodyne with the laser frequency to give a beat signal having improved modulation depth and increased speed for use in space satellite communication.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device (FIG. 2) includes an array 10 of photoelectric elements 11 on which an image is formed, and overcomes poor resolution due to insensitive areas 12 between elements by interposing between a focussing lens 13 and the array an optically transmissive member in the form of a rotatable disc 15 having parallel faced portions of different thickness 16, 17 which extend into the optical axis of the focussing means in turn and are inclined thereto to displace the image laterally on the array. The difference in thickness causes an image displacement equal to half of the element pitch and signals of each image displacement are stored in frame stores 21, 22 from which they may be read to provide the equivalent of a higher density array. Disc portions may be the same thickness but of different refractive indices or angles to the optical axis. A larger number of portions (FIG. 5) may be used to give more displacements.

Abstract: Improved non-cooperative radar apparatus locates and type-classifies an agitated, vibrating reflective target (e.g., a vehicle with its engine running)--whether the target is moving or stationary.A homodyne-type receiver with a cooperating band pass filter extracts a reflected, frequency-shifted energy pattern which identifies the incidence of the agitated target. In accordance with further aspects of the instant invention, the particular energy distribution for the returned, reflected wave is then compared with a stored ensemble of such distributions, or target "signatures", to type-categorize the target.

Abstract: Improved non-cooperative radar apparatus locates and type-classifies an agitated, vibrating reflective target (e.g., a vehicle with its engine running) - whether the target is moving or stationary.A homodyne-type receiver with a cooperating band pass filter extracts a reflected, frequency-shifted energy pattern which identifies the incidence of the agitated target. In accordance with further aspects of the instant invention, the particular energy distribution for the returned, reflected wave is then compared with a stored ensemble of such distributions, or target "signatures", to type-catagorize the target.

Abstract: A scrambled TV signal is provided by adding thereto a signal having an amplitude which changes pseudorandomly in successive increments of time, the duration of each of which is much less than the horizontal line duration of the TV signal. This signal encompasses substantially the entire duration of the TV signal and has an amplitude during horizontal and substantially the entire vertical sync interval to suppress the horizontal and vertical sync pulses to picture level. The pseudorandom signal is generated synchronously with the TV signal on a frame basis and synchronizing pulses are transmitted during the vertical interval together with a pulse for amplitude calibration. A matching pseudorandom signal is generated in synchronism with the pseudorandom component of the scrambled TV signal. The synchronizing pulses and the calibration pulse operate circuits which effect synchronization and amplitude control in the generation of the matching signal.

Abstract: A scrambled television program is received and recorded in a scrambled fashion automatically in a video tape recorder by detecting program code signals placed in vertical blanking intervals of ten fields preceding the commencement of the scrambled program signal and upon sensing such program code signals the video tape recorder is activated to record the scrambled television program. A stop code signal is arranged following the coded television program and is detected for stopping operation of the video recorder, so that the scrambled program is recorded without requiring the manual setting of automatic timers or the like. In addition to the program code, a key code, and scene change signals are transmitted and these are used to produce a descramble pattern to descramble the television program when it is reproduced by the video tape recorder.

Abstract: A scrambled television program that is received and recorded in a scrambled fashion includes program code and corresponding key codes for use in descrambling the recorded scrambled signal. The program codes and key codes are retained in a memory so that upon reproduction the key code can be read out of the memory and fed to a descramble pattern generator for descrambling the reproduced scrambled signal. By placing the program code and key code at the end of the scrambled program the scrambled signal cannot be descrambled until the entire program has been first received. By dividing the memory into permanent and temporary memories and adding an identification code to the transmitted scrambled signal, which selects either the permanent or temporary memory, and counting the number of times that the temporary memory is read out there can be a limitation placed on the number of times that the scrambled program is reproduced and decoded for viewing.

Abstract: A video recorder for automatically recording information being broadcast on at least one predetermined channel at a predetermined time comprises a tuner which tunes to any one of a plurality of channels received thereby and includes a channel selector actuable for selecting the predetermined channel, a recorder operable to record information broadcast on the channel to which the tuner is tuned, a timer actuable to cause operation of the recorder at the predetermined time, and a single, manually operable actuating member which simultaneously actuates the channel selector and the timer so that the recorder records the information broadcast on the predetermined channel at the predetermined time.

Abstract: Selected interference frequency signals are inserted into the video or RF signal at the transmitter for scrambling purposes, either singly or in pairs. At the receiving end the signals are decoded by use of filters matched to the transmitted signal. The system allows different scrambling for each pay program thereby increasing the security relative to the prior art single frequency system.

Abstract: A television signal distribution system protects outgoing programs from unauthorized reception; and marks or tags the conveyed signals with a digital word identifying the class of viewers authorized to receive the program ("level of service"). Basic encription is accomplished by effectively suppressing the horizontal and vertical synchronizing information. Horizontal sync information, and the program-characterizing level of service word which is interleaved in time with prescribed horizontal sync pulses, is distributed via pulse amplitude modulation of the audio carrier.At subscriber receiving stations, the sound carrier amplitude modulation is recovered to permit level of service authorization verification; and to reconstitute the video carrier to receivable form by an amplitude modulation which is the inverse of the sync-suppressing modulation of the head end.

Abstract: A method for scrambling a television signal for use with a multiplexed analog component (MAC) format employs a three digital bit code for each horizontal line of the picture. The bits identify the position of the luminance and chrominance information of the signal for every line of the television picture and whether the information is to be scanned from left to right or right to left.

Abstract: A scrambling system of television signal includes a circuit for eliminating vertical sync pulses in a vertical sync pulse period and equivalent pulses in first and second equivalent pulse periods at opposite ends of said vertical sync pulse period. In place of the eliminated pulses, substitute pulses having a frequency equal to an integer times the frequency of horizontal sync pulses are deposited. A framing code inserting circuit is provided for inserting at least one framing code in the substituted pulses. The framing code is carrying information how the television signal is scrambled.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for determining the relationship between a vehicle's thrust line and the vehicle's body center line. A movable light source is located externally of and independent of the vehicle and serves to establish a pair of reference light beams falling in parallel planes and which are spaced apart sufficient to permit a vehicle to be positioned longitudinally therebetween. The vehicle's thrust direction is determined by mounting sensors on the nonsteerable wheels so as to extend transversely away from the vehicle's body to intercept the light beams, together with circuitry for providing output indications dependent upon the location of light interception and which indications are representative of the vehicle thrust direction. The body center line is determined by employing targets which are mounted to body sides of the vehicle to intercept reference light beams.

Abstract: Helium-3 and helium-4 bombardment of InP over a fluence range of 10.sup.11 to 10.sup.16 ions/cm.sup.2 reproducibly forms highly resistive regions in both p-type and n-type single crystal material. Average peak resistivities are about 10.sup.9 ohm-cm for p-type InP and are about 10.sup.3 ohm-cm for n-type InP. High resistivity has also been produced in GaP, GaSb, GaAs, and InGaAs by helium bombardment. Stripe geometry lasers and planar photodiodes which incorporate helium-bombarded zones are described.

Abstract: An encapsulated planar cathode structure is formed for a vacuum tube. A multibeam cathode ray tube is obtained by heating in the CRT such a structure with a plurality of separated electron emissive layers to remove the encapsulation material. Positive photoresist technology is utilized: for obtaining delineated apertures on a planar metallization layer supported by an insulating substrate into which needle-shaped carbonate particles are deposited electrophoretically normal to the metallization; and for encapsulating the resultant cathodes.

Abstract: A programmable telemetry word selector includes a scanning memory storing, or each of a number of analog outputs of the selector, a variable identifying tag and a data conversion code for the variable. The selector is constructed to compare the stored tags with successive tag words provided by a telemetry data compressor and, when a match is found, perform on a corresponding data word from the compressor digital data conversions specified by the code and direct the result to the corresponding analog output. The word selector is constructed to perform the scanning, digital conversion steps, and analog conversion concurrently so as to handle tags and data provided relatively rapidly by the compressor. The selector includes a storage memory for a plurality of sets of the scanning memory contents and has a microcomputer for generating and modifying the sets to reconfigure the selector for different tests providing telemetered data.

Abstract: Machineable microwave waveguide apparatus and method for constructing same. Waveguide functions as an interconnecting waveguide channel between two parallel microwave ports which have an axial offset. The waveguide is comprised of two complimentary halves with C-shaped cross-section, the two halves fitting together to form a single unit. The fit-together unit is capped, and can be sealed for pressure-tight applications.