Abstract: Television or similar picture scrambling or the like wherein narrow trapping of the visual carrier is effected with one-direction FSK-FM modulated wobbulation of the visual carrier, preferably alternately at different multiples of the horizontal synchronizing frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for encoding and decoding a television signal are disclosed in which the horizontal sync pulses and the first section of the video signal are inverted, and the inverted horizontal sync pulses and video signals are reduced in amplitude by a predetermined amount.

Abstract: In a laser-doppler-anemometer two frequency-displaced partial beams are transmitted from a transmitted device including a laser to a measuring probe positioned at a remote measuring volume by means of a polarization-direction-preserving optical "single-mode" fiber with two orthogonal principal axes, the transmitter including a member for turning the polarization direction of one partial beam by 90.degree., and the measuring probe including another polarization-direction-turning member for re-establishing the original coincidence between the polarization directions of the two partial beams. The transmitting device may thus be positioned at a distance from the measuring volume while the measuring probe may be designed with small physical.

Abstract: In a device which is provided with means for transmitting a signal to an object and an array of a plurality of means for receiving reflection signals from the object and is arranged to measure a distance to the object by processing the signals obtained through the receiving means, the distance to the object is continuously measured through the signals obtained from at least two of the plurality of receiving means.

Abstract: An optical radar operating in the infrared region of the spectrum and adad to efficiently detect elongated targets such as wires. The pulsed transmitter is preferably passively Q-switched and produces optical pulses polarized in one direction. A CW local oscillator laser is locked to a frequency slightly offset from the transmitter frequency. A Brewster angle duplexer and a quarter wave plate in the transmit/receive path of the radar permit the transmitter flux to pass to a scanner and direct the orthogonally polarized echo signals to the heterodyne receiver which includes a display or alarm circuit. The transmitter and local oscillator lasers include frequency control circuits. Either wedge or ball joint type scanners may be used to scan the radar beam over a target area of interest.

Abstract: In a method of measuring velocity gradients in a sample volume (2) in a flowing medium, by which method radiation scattered by particles entrained by the medium and irradiated by spatially coherent electromagnetic radiation, in particular laser light, is detected and measured and the difference in Doppler shift in the radiation from different particles in the sample volume (2) used as a measure of the velocity gradient, an optical element (3) is inserted in the radiation path from particles in the sample volume (2) to the detector (4). The optical element (3) has such properties that essentially only radiation scattered simultaneously from particle pairs in the sample volume (2) spaced apart a distance determined by the optical element (3) are made part of the measuring signals to be combined to form the signal which is a measure of the difference in the Doppler shifts and thereby of the velocity gradient in the sample volume (2) defined by the measurement points.

Abstract: A timing signal generator for recovering timing signals in scrambled video signals in which the synchronizing signals are suppressed includes a tuned detector responsive to the color burst signal contained in the back porch of the suppressed horizontal blanking pulse. The vertical interval is detected as the absence of color burst for a specified time interval, and horizontal sync information is obtained by the detection of the first color burst after an absence of color burst.

Abstract: A blooming auto collimator is disclosed for aligning optical components or optical beams along a reciprocal optical path. A blooming cell is positioned along the reciprocal optical path intermediate first and second spaced-apart locations to be aligned. A comparatively high-power laser source is positioned at one of the locations, and is operative to provide a comparatively high-energy beam of coherent light along the optical path through the blooming medium and toward the other location. A comparatively low-energy source of coherent light is positioned at the other location, and is operative to provide a comparatively low-energy beam of coherent light through the blooming medium and back along the reciprocal optical path. The comparatively high-energy beam thermally excites the blooming medium, producing therealong a thermal gradient having the characteristics of a negative optical lens.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a frequency change of a light modulates the scattered light from the object of measurement using an acousto-optic modulator or the like, heterodyne-detects the scattered light after modulation to provide an electrical signal having a frequency (f.sub.d -f.sub.m) which is the difference between the Doppler frequency f.sub.d and the modulation frequency f.sub.m, passes this electrical signal to a filter while changing the modulation frequency f.sub.m, and obtains the modulation frequency f.sub.m at which the signal voltage is the largest or the smallest, that is, the Doppler frequency f.sub.d.

Abstract: In order to compensate the unwanted echo caused by the movement of a moving radar device, an arrangement is provided between the output of a coherent oscillator and the input of a phase discriminator. This arrangement comprises a signal processing stage containing two series-connected phase regulating circuits, namely phase-locked loops. The output signal of the first phase-locked loop displays a mixed frequency which is formed by the sum of the frequency of the output signal of a signal generator and a displacement frequency modulated by the Doppler frequency of the unwanted echo caused by the movement of the radar device. In the second phase-locked loop the output signal of the first phase-locked loop is mixed with a further signal containing the displacement frequency.

Abstract: In an optical digitizer, a cursor is movable on a plane surface having coordinate axis. The cursor includes a source of light that is scanned across the coordinate system, and a detector receiving light from the angle to which the beam is instantaneously directed. The coordinate system has curved mirrors at the origin and point spaced from the origin along the axis thereof, and plane mirrors extending along the axis. A calculator determines the position of the cursor in the coordinate system by triangulation. Alternatively, the cursor may be a curved mirror, with rotating light sources and detectors positioned at determined points in the coordinate system.

Abstract: A means for scrambling video signals by the application of a periodic scrambling waveform which has the effect of altering the normal amplitude relationship between horizontal sync and the video picture portion of a horizontal line uses the comparison between the brightness level of the video signal during a predetermined time period with a reference as a means for varying the amplitude of the periodic scrambling waveform.

Abstract: An improved detector array for scan receiver applications whereby each contiguous element of the array is connected to a summing port with its adjacent element.

Abstract: Suppressed sync TV signals are descrambled by restoring their sync intervals with restoring pulses generated in predetermined time relationship with timing pulses which are transmitted with the TV signals, amplitude modulated on the audio carrier (the center of the sound or audio frequency portion of the TV signal). The timing pulses are derived by intercarrier demodulation of the television signals which are transmitted on a RF (radio frequency) channel so as to avoid loss of the timing pulses in the event of deviation of the RF TV signals in frequency, either on transmission or due to frequency errors in an up/down converter which is tuned to select the RF TV channel.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a limited time operative decoder for special scrambled television program transmissions involving a voltage source for energizing the decoder of limited time effectiveness adapted to energize the decoder only during the limited time of the special scrambled television program.

Abstract: A small regulator unit including a solid state timer activated by a reed switch is installed between a television receiver and a convenient wall outlet. The unit has a passageway adjacent to the reed switch for the reception of magnetic tokens which act on the reed switch, in turn activating the timer and completing a circuit through the television receiver. After a predetermined time period, the television receiver is turned off automatically so that viewing time can be controlled.

Abstract: A nuclear medicine imaging system having two large field of view scintillation cameras mounted on a rotatable gantry and being movable diametrically toward or away from each other is disclosed. In addition, each camera may be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the diameter of the gantry. The movement of the cameras allows the system to be used for a variety of studies, including positron annihilation, and conventional single photon emission, as well as static orthogonal dual multi-pinhole tomography. In orthogonal dual multi-pinhole tomography, each camera is fitted with a seven pinhole collimator to provide seven views from slightly different perspectives. By using two cameras at an angle to each other, improved sensitivity and depth resolution is achieved. The computer system and interface acquires and stores a broad range of information in list mode, including patient physiological data, energy data over the full range detected by the cameras, and the camera position.

Abstract: A unique socket assembly is designed to interconnect a flat-pack-packaged integrated-circuit chip to a printed-circuit board in a manner that permits easy insertion and withdrawal of the packaged chip from the assembly. A base portion of the assembly includes a recess into which conductive cantilevered elements extend. When the packaged chip is positioned on these elements within the recess and a lid is placed on the base, secure but not permanent electrical contact is established between the elements and contact regions on the chip package.

Abstract: The improvement in a tow delivery apparatus downstream of a horizontally oriented stuffing box crimper of an unenclosed smoothly contoured curved perforated surface tangent to and sloping gradually downward away from the outlet end of the crimper to a moving conveyor belt. A vacuum is applied to the perforations in the curved surface at such a level so that the crimped tow is pushed down the curved surface by the tow exiting the crimper.

Abstract: A stripline printed circuit power divider is disclosed disposed on opposite ides of a central dielectric substrate in a three substrate layered stripline orientation. An electrically coupled, coplanar, dual lead of the power divider disposed on opposite sides of the central dielectric substrate is joined into a single lead on one side of the substrate by diverting each coplanar lead and passing one lead through a hole in the dielectric to be joined with the other lead on a single surface of the dielectric.