Abstract: The wear resitance and other properties of a lacquer are improved by incorporation therein of particles of a high molecular, inert, wear-resistant plastics material having a diameter of 2 to 200 microns. Such a lacquer is particularly useful for application to metals and may be stored after application.

Abstract: Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 ceramics having a glassy phase densification aid are heated while their surface is in contact with SiO.sub.2. The SiO.sub.2 forms one side of a diffusion couple and draws the glassy phase out of the ceramic. The SiO.sub.2 can be provided by heating the ceramic in air to form an SiO.sub.2 scale by the oxidation of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, or by imbedding the ceramic in SiO.sub.2 powder. Surface pits, if any, formed during oxidation, are removed by grinding.

Abstract: An improved chip seal method for treating pavement with aqueous asphaltic emulsions is provided wherein the emulsion is a blend of a conventional emulsion adapted for an aqueous asphaltic emulsion is provided in which the dispersed asphaltic material is the prereacted reaction product of asphalt having a viscosity of less than about 120,000 cps (at 140.degree. F.), an acrylamide, a vinyl aromatic monomer and an elastomer.

Abstract: Hot-dip coated steel articles having a coating containing about 55% aluminum, 43% zinc, 2% silicon, are known to exhibit an optimum combination of general corrosion resistance, more durable than zinc coatings; while providing more galvanic protection to cut edges and areas of mechanical damage than hot-dip aluminum coatings. It has now been found that coatings containing 12 to 24% zinc, up to 4% silicon, balance aluminum, provide galvanic protection equal to or superior to such known coatings, while providing enhanced general corrosion resistance, approaching that of aluminum coatings.

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of a copolymer of maleic acid and monomer of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR wherein R represents H, CH.sub.3, OR.sup.1 or OCOR.sup.1 and R.sup.1 represents CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Abstract: A method for treating aluminum prior to applying a chemical conversion coating for improving its corrosion resistance especially when rigid requirements need to be met. The aluminum is alkaline cleaned and deoxidized, preferably with a non-chromated deoxidizer. A supplementary treatment consists of immersing the deoxidized aluminum in a potassium of sodium nitrite solution. The aluminum is then coated with a standard chemical conversion coating, and dried at a temperature between 110.degree. F. and 130.degree. F. The resulting product is able to pass salt spray test requirements as outlined in the military specification.

Abstract: A method of preparing nitrile elastomer surfaces for bonding by epoxy adhves is presented. A treating solution comprising a dilute concentration of a mineral acid such as HCl in a carrier comprising water and either alcohol or ketones is prepared. The treating solution is applied to the elastomer surface with the surface being hydrolyzed in a mild manner thereby providing an improved adherable surface for covalent bonding by epoxy adhesives. A surfactant can be added to the treating solution for cleaning the surface to enhance the surface treatment.

Abstract: A process for preparing arsenic-selenium photoreceptors wherein the arsenic distribution in the photoreceptor, particularly at its top surface, is controlled within a preferred concentration range, which comprises controlling the evaporation rate of the arsenic-selenium alloy by means of a crucible weight sensing system to monitor alloy depletion rate and a cascade dual-loop feedback control system processing both crucible assembly weight change and temperature to modify resistive power input.

Abstract: A process for the surface treatment of inorganic fibers for reinforcing titanium or nickel, comprising the steps of coating the surface of inorganic fibers with an aqueous or organic solvent solution containing a titanate, borate, tetralkylammonium hydroxide and, if desired, dextrin and then heat treating the coated fibers at a high temperature in an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere. In one embodiment, the heat treated inorganic fibers is further subjected to ionic or chemical plating with nickel.

Abstract: A method of depositing a group III element--group V element compound or alloy on a hot substrate using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition procedure. Attempts to apply an MOCVD procedure to the production of a group III element--group V element compound from alkyl derivatives of group III elements which are strong Lewis acids and group V element hydrides have met with limited success. This is because the reactants react in the cold gas phase to form an involatile polymer which does not give the required product on the hot substrate. The present invention proposes modifying the alkyl derivative of the group III element to be a weaker Lewis acid. This can be achieved by either substituting an electron donating group for one of the alkyl groups bonded to the group III element or by combining the group III element alkyl derivative with an alkyl derivative of a group V element thereby forming a volatile compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyurethane coatings and to processes for preparing and applying said coatings whereby a prepolymer composition comprising a moisture-curable prepolymer and a plasticizer is prepared and applied to a substrate. When cured, the coated substrate demonstrates good wearability, stain resistance, and appearance, yet the use of volatile solvents may be avoided.

Abstract: A method for forming an insulating film on the surface of a silicon semiconductor substrate of a semiconductor device. The semiconductor substrate is subjected to a direct thermal nitridation, in a gas atmosphere containing nitrogen or nitrogen atoms. The semiconductor substrate has an average concentration of oxygen of not more than 10.sup.18 /cm.sup.3. The silicon nitride film formed by the direct thermal nitridation is thin, even and amorphous. The structure of the interface between the silicon substrate and the silicon nitride film is highly dense.

Abstract: A road surface has fixed thereon a salt which lowers the freezing point of water by means of an aqueous fixation composition which comprises a mixture of an adhesion-promoting agent formed by an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming polymer or copolymer and a water-soluble hydrophobic agent which, in air, becomes insoluble in water. The proportion by weight of hydrophobic agent relatively to the dry extract of the adhesion-promoting agent is from 5 to 25%. The fixation composition is used in a proportion such that all the adhesion-promoting agent and the hydrophobic agent represents, in dry weight, from 10 to 120% of the weight of the salt. The aqueous fixation composition may in addition possibly comprise a foam-inhibiting agent and/or a second hydrophobic agent.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate which comprises applying to the substrate an aqueous emulsion containing:(1) A diorganopolysiloxane having terminal SiC-bonded vinyl groups;(2) An organopolysiloxane containing at least three Si-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule;(3) A catalyst which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic multiple bond; and if desired,(4) An agent which delays or retards the addition at room temperature; and(5) A thickening agent, which may be mixed with or added separately to the emulsion, and prior to cross-linking the organopolysiloxane, applying separately or together with one or more of the constituents (1) through (5);(6) A vinyl-containing trimethylsiloxy end-blocked diorganopolysiloxane in which the vinyl group is bonded to from 10 to 50 percent of the number of the silicon atoms of the diorganopolysiloxane units, and the other organic radicals are free of aliphatic multiple bonds;(7) An organosilicon adhesive compound; and(8) At least one aqueous dispersion of a

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving the scratch and abrasion resistance of glass surfaces, and especially the exterior surfaces of glass containers such as bottles, jars, tumblers, stemware, and the like. Hollow glassware for container use is subject to abrasive contact with similar articles as well as handling equipment in the normal processes of manufacturing, packaging, filling and shipping. This invention further relates to providing improved abrasion resistance to glass articles and particularly hollow glass containers which are treated by the present hot-end process while retaining considerable heat of formation. The articles are then able to be overcoated at a lower temperature such as by organic materials to further improve their lubricity and durability. The subject process of providing a primary coating is markedly more economical than presently known processes.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for converting the surface layer of a body of vitreous silica to the more stable crystalline form of silica known as cristobalite. The surface of the body of vitreous silica is exposed to a gas phase reactive atmosphere comprising atomic iodine at a predetermined elevated temperature for a predetermined period of time to convert the surface layer of the vitreous silica to polycrystalline cristobalite and thus passivate and enhance the stability of the treated surface. The disclosed process is particularly useful for forming improved crucibles, such as those used in crystal growth from a melt.

Abstract: Carbonaceous deposition on the surface of steel cracker tubes in chemical plant for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is a serious problem. It is met, in the invention, by providing the surface with a refractory oxide coating by contacting the surface with a sol comprising an aqueous dispersion of substantially unaggregated primary particles, the sol being capable of conversion to a gel the bulk density of which being at least 40% of the theoretical density of the refractory oxide when measured at ambient temperature and the gel being convertible to the refractory material, converting the sol to the gel, and firing.

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of vinylpyrrolidone/maleic acid copolymer. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Abstract: A method for depositing asphalt from an asphalt emulsion onto an aggregate is disclosed comprising wetting the aggregate with water containing between about 0.01 weight percent and about 1.0 weight percent of coupling agent selected to have charge opposite to the charge of said asphalt emulsion and applying said asphalt emulsion to the wetted aggregate.

Abstract: A novel method for coating an object with a thixotropic material, comprising application of the material on the object to be coated and exposing the object and thereby the thixotropic material applied thereon to vibrational or repeated impact forces so as to temporarily liquidize the coating material. By the disclosed method it is possible to obtain an improved thixotropic material coverage of an object, particularly as regards narrow, difficult-to-reach areas such as gaps and crevices of closed cavities. A suitable field of use for this method is anti-corrosion treatment of car bodies.