Abstract: A device for the electrodeionization of a sample liquid. The device has an anode chamber having two openings and an anode, a cathode chamber having two openings and a cathode, and a treatment chamber, that is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber and has two openings and ion exchanger. The anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated from the treatment chamber in each case by a permselective membrane and an energy source is operatively connected to the anode and the cathode. In addition, a method for the electrodeionization of a sample liquid is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for separating a target species (e.g., CO2) from a gas mixture (e.g., gas stream) via an electrochemical process.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to enhancing alkalinity of brine, e.g. seawater, using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) without removing divalent cations that otherwise cause scaling. In one embodiment, a BPMED is employed wherein the brine volumetric flow rate through a basification compartment is greater at a given current density than that through a brine compartment which increases the pH of the brine output while keeping it below the precipitation pH. In one embodiment, the spacer located in the basification compartment is thicker than spacers elsewhere in the BPMED so as resist membrane distortion due to the increased hydrostatic pressure in the basification compartment given the greater volumetric flow. The brine output having increased alkalinity can be returned to the ocean to mitigate acidification and enable capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Abstract: There are provided an electrolyzer gasket, which can accommodate and hold a separator inside an electrolyzer by a simple handling, can more surely prevent leakage of an electrolyte and an electrolytically generated gas from the inside of the electrolyzer, can keep the separator in such a state that the separator is held at a position that is in contact with one of electrodes and is located along the electrode and therefore can suppress damage of the separator and makes it possible to use the separator stably for a long period of time, and an electrolyzer.

Abstract: The present application relates to a system for removal of nitrate from water. The system includes a first reactor comprising a porous oxide-derived silver electrode (OD-Ag) for electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3?) to nitrite (NO2?) and a second reactor comprising a Pd-based catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrite (NO2?). Also disclosed is a method of removing nitrate from water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the electro-refinement of titanium aluminides to produce titanium-aluminum master alloys which process is effective even in the presence of substantial amounts of aluminum and in the presence of ten (10) or more weight percent oxygen in the material(s) to be refined. The process is likewise effective without the addition of titanium chlorides or other forms of soluble titanium to the electrolyte bath comprising halide salts of alkali metals or alkali-earth metals or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Various aspects described herein relate to electrochemical devices, e.g., for separation of one or more target organic or inorganic molecules (e.g., charged or neutral molecules) from solution, and methods of using the same. In particular embodiments, the electrochemical devices and methods described herein involve at least one redox-functionalized electrode, wherein the electrode comprises an immobilized redox-species that is selective toward a target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule). The selectivity is based on a Faradaic/redox-activated chemical interaction (e.g., directional hydrogen binding) between the oxidized state of the redox species and a moiety of the target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for producing antimicrobial compositions comprising transition metal ions which are generated electrolytically in aqueous solution; chelating agent and excipients; wherein the said ionic species thereby impart stability and longer shelf life and long-term efficacy. Owing to the neutral pH, colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-caustic, non-corrosive nature, the composition of example embodiments shall be used as surface disinfectant and food contact sanitizer and provides an unparalleled combination of high efficacy and low toxicity with instant kill and long-term efficacy. The specific combination of certain metals provides the ability to be extremely broad spectrum and thus works against virus, bacteria, fungi, mold, mildew and antibiotic resistant species as well.

Abstract: A method by which an environmental energy (e.g., wave energy) is harvested, converted into electrical power, and thereafter used to electrolyze seawater into hydrogen and chlorine gases. Those gases are recombined into hydrogen chloride from which is formed hydrochloric acid solution which is diluted and deposited at a depth sufficient to ensure its neutralization and sequestration for a significant period of time (e.g., for over a millennium). By removing chloride ions from a portion of the sea adjacent to its upper surface and depositing them into a portion of the sea more adjacent to its bottom, acidity is shifted from the surface to base of the sea, and the surface ocean is given a greater ability to absorb and buffer atmospheric carbon dioxide without a corresponding increase in acidity.

Abstract: A membraneless electrochemical device comprises a fluid feed stream input to the membraneless electrochemical cell, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first electrode comprises a first redox-active material configured to have a proton-coupled oxidation reaction with a first portion of the fluid feed stream, and the second electrode comprises a second redox-active material configured to have a proton-coupled reduction reaction with a second portion of the fluid feed stream. The first portion and the second portion of the fluid feed stream are separated. A first effluent stream comprises the first portion and has a first pH, and a second effluent stream comprises the second portion and has a second pH, different from the first pH.

Abstract: In a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, comprising feeding a mixture of steam and compressed air into the first of a series of electrolysis units and passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit together with air, the electrolysis units are run in endothermal mode and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by air in or between the electrolysis units. The electrolysis units are preferably solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stacks.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

Abstract: Photochemical energy conversion is more efficient when a single light-absorbing unit is split into multiple light-absorbing units (N) that are each 1/N as thick as the single light-absorbing unit and thus use the same amount of material as the single light-absorbing unit. For electrocatalytic parameters relevant to water electrolysis, the maximum efficiency for solar-to-fuel conversion from a 1.75 eV bandgap material increases from approximately 1% for a single light-absorbing unit to greater than 20% for 128 identical stacked light-absorbing units. Alterations in utilization of photons results in a better match of the light-absorber power output to the load of the chemical transformation and in the case of high-quality light-absorbers there is an added benefit from radiative coupling between the light-absorbing units via photon recycling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution using salt as a raw material. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution, the method including 1) a step for electrolyzing salt and obtaining a chlorate or an aqueous solution thereof, and 2) a step for reducing the chlorate or aqueous solution thereof and manufacturing an aqueous solution including chlorous acid. The method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution includes a step for mixing an inorganic acid or an inorganic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof with the aqueous solution including chlorous acid, and then mixing any of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid, or an organic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a regeneration system for a carbon-rich amine solution produced in carbon dioxide capture from a mixed gas and a method for using the same. This regeneration system is composed of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis apparatus and a carbon dioxide removal apparatus, wherein the bipolar membrane electrodialysis apparatus is composed of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis membrane stack fixed between an anode plate and a cathode plate, the carbon dioxide removal apparatus is composed of one or more hollow fiber membrane contactors, the inlet of the carbon dioxide removal apparatus is fluidly connected with the outlet of the acid chamber of the bipolar membrane electrodialysis apparatus, the outlet of the carbon dioxide removal apparatus is fluidly connected with the acid solution storage tank, and carbon dioxide gas removed by the carbon dioxide removal apparatus is collected in a carbon dioxide storage tank.

Abstract: The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electrolysis of urea is capable of removing urea from waste-water generated by human urine or agricultural run-off while simultaneously producing cleaner water and hydrogen gas. The apparatus and method employ at least one water reduction electrode located close to at least one urea oxidation electrode. The water reduction electrode operates to generate a locally high pH such that the urea oxidation electrode operates in a locally high pH envelope where it can perform its reaction efficiently to break down the urea with little or no impact on the pH of the bulk solution.

Abstract: Devices and methods for styling hair, and in particular, to devices and methods for styling hair using electrolysis are described herein. A method for styling hair includes arranging a section of hair between a first electrode and a second electrode. The section of hair is contacted with an electrolyte before being arranged between the first and second electrodes, after being arranged between the first and second electrodes, and/or concurrently with being arranged between the first and second electrodes. The method further includes causing the first electrode to have a first negative potential, and causing the second electrode to have a second potential, such that the absolute value of the first negative potential is greater than the absolute value of the second potential, and such that the difference in electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode creates an electrolysis zone between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for separating a target species (e.g., CO2) from a gas mixture (e.g., gas stream) via an electrochemical process.