Abstract: A method of producing isolated graphene sheets from a layered graphite, comprising: (a) forming an alkali metal ion-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical intercalation which uses a liquid solution of an alkali metal salt dissolved in an organic solvent as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon a cathode and an anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for effecting the electrochemical intercalation of alkali metal ions into interlayer spacing; and (b) exfoliating and separating hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers (graphene planes) from the alkali metal ion-intercalated graphite compound using ultrasonication, thermal shock exposure, exposure to water solution, mechanical shearing treatment, or a combination thereof to produce isolated graphene sheets.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention encompass electrodes, electrochemical cells, electrocoagulation systems, and methods using the electrodes, electrochemical cells, electrocoagulation systems. The electrodes may be used in electrocoagulation cells and/or systems to treat water.

Abstract: In a method for electrochemical ammunition disposal and material recovery, ammunition cartridges are placed in an acidic aqueous solution that is in contact with a cathode and an anode. The ammunition cartridges have a casing that includes an alloy of copper and zinc. The ammunition cartridges are agitated in the acidic aqueous solution as a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode. The applied voltage is effective to oxidize and dissolve zinc from the copper-zinc alloy. Copper metal derived from the alloy can be recovered as a solid, and zinc ion derived from the alloy can be recovered as a solution.

Abstract: An electrophoretic coating is disclosed. The electrophoretic coating comprises an aqueous medium and a charged film-forming resin dispersed in the aqueous medium. The film-forming resin is acid-insoluble and alkali-soluble.

Abstract: Applicant's faradic porosity cell combines adsorption (physical and capacitive) and faradic immobilization of a target species by optimizing electrode porosity, applied E, and Pourbaix operating regions. The optimization parameters are (i) physical adsorption; (ii) capacitive adsorption; (iii) electrochemical pH modulation; (iv) electrochemical peroxide (H2O2) generation; (v) electrodeposition (e.g., electroplating, electrophoretic deposition); (vi) electrochemical oxidation or reduction; (vii) precipitation; (viii) pore mouth diameter profile, and (ix) electrode spacing, and (xi) flow-by vs. flow-through vs. carbon block cell design.

Abstract: A solid ion-conductive material can be used in a compartment of an electrochemical cell, such as between an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, for improving energy efficiency and at least partially replacing electrolyte solution. The formed product can be obtained for instance in demi water.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrochemical reactor (1) and a microfluidic platform (20) comprising this reactor (1), controlling pH in a closed environment, wherein this reactor (1) comprises at least one cell (2), wherein each cell (2) containing at least one micro-well (3a) able to contain a liquid and reagents and a cap (7) to close the said cell (2) and wherein the cell (2) further comprises at least one working electrode (5) producing reversible REDOX reactions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

Abstract: A method of eluting biomolecules, such as nucleic acids from a biological sample by electroelution is provided. An example of a method includes various steps, such as loading the biological sample to a device comprising a housing, at least two conductive redox polymer electrodes operationally coupled to the housing and a biomolecule impermeable layer disposed on at least one of the electrodes. The loading of sample is followed by initiating an electrical connection to generate an electric field strength sufficient to elute biomolecules from the biological sample; and eluting the biomolecules from the biological sample.

Abstract: A method of cleaning used dialysis fluid having urea to produce a cleaned dialysis fluid, the method including passing the used dialysis fluid having urea through a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell, the cell including (i) a first set of electrodes for separation of the used dialysis fluid having urea into an acid stream and a basic stream, wherein the first set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; (ii) one or more second set of electrodes positioned to contact the basic stream with an electrocatalytic surface for decomposition of urea via electrooxidation, wherein the one or more second set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; and (iii) at least one power source to provide the first and second sets of electrodes with an electrical charge to activate the electrocatalytic surface.

Abstract: Sludge dewatering device that makes it possible to achieve a high degree of dryness while retaining a limited energy consumption and limited industrial risks, comprising at least one first plate (21a) equipped with a first electrode (23a), and at least one second plate (21b) equipped with a second electrode (23b), wherein the first and second plates (21a, 21b) define a chamber (22) configured for receiving a sludge to be dewatered (10a), wherein the first and second electrodes (23a, 23b) are configured for establishing an electric field within the chamber (22), wherein the chamber (22) is equipped with at least one discharge port (32, 34), provided in the bottom third of the chamber (22), configured for discharging a filtrate (15a, 16a), and wherein the chamber (22) is equipped with at least one injection port (33), provided in the top third of the chamber (22), configured for injecting the pressurized purge fluid (11a) into the chamber (22).

Abstract: An electrocoagulation unit that may include an outer shell, and a set of electrodes disposed therein. At least two electrodes are separated from an adjacent electrode by an electrode gap. The outer shell may further include a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a first busbar opening with a first busbar gland associated therewith.

Abstract: A membrane stack comprising the following components: (a) a first ion diluting compartment (D1); (b) a second ion diluting compartment (D2); (c) a first ion concentrating compartment (C1); (d) a second ion concentrating compartment (C2); and (e) a membrane wall (CEM1, mAEM, mCEM, AEM, CEM2) between each compartment and on the outside of the first and last compartment of the stack; wherein: (i) each membrane wall comprises a cation exchange membrane (CEM1, mCEM, CEM2) or an anion exchange membrane (mAEM, AEM) and the order of the cation and anion exchange membranes alternates from each wall to the next; (ii) the membrane walls (mAEM, mCEM) on each side of compartment (a) both have a higher monovalent ion selectivity than the corresponding membrane walls (AEM, CEM2) on each side of compartment (b); and (iii) the stack further comprises a means for communicating fluid between compartments (a) and (b).

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a metal or metalloid ion-contaminated liquid are provided. The method may include (i) feeding the metal or metalloid ion-contaminated liquid into a bioelectrochemical reactor containing a bacteria selected by the cathode to produce extracellular metal or metalloid nanoparticles; and (ii) operating the bioelectrochemical reactor anaerobically to reduce the metal or metalloid ions in the metal or metalloid ion-contaminated liquid to extracellular metal or metalloid nanoparticles. The method may further include separating the metal or metalloid nanoparticles from the bacteria with no energy input. A bioelectrochemical reactor system for production of extracellular metal and metalloid nanoparticles may include a bioelectrochemical reactor, a separation device, and a tangential flow filtration unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes including the step of electrochemically treating an iron mineral. The processes are for improving the grade of iron, producing a magnetic iron mineral, or producing an iron oxide. In one aspect, the process for improving the grade of iron includes electrochemically treating a slurry including at least one iron mineral to thereby improve the grade of the iron in the slurry.

Abstract: A heating apparatus of a water electrolysis system includes: an enclosure with a draw-in hole; a heating unit accommodated in the enclosure; a blowing unit for directing outside air to the heating unit; a circulation channel for directing part of air heated by the heating unit to a space between the heating unit and the blowing unit; and a draw-out portion for leading the air heated by the heating unit to the outside. The air in the circulation channel is introduced to a space between the heating unit and the blowing unit due to the Venturi effect.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a simple one-pot process for the production of ammonia. The process involves electrolysis of air and water using a molten or concentrated aqueous hydroxide electrolyte in the presence of an iron catalyst. The process exhibits one or more of the following benefits: (i) it is an efficient, cost-effective low-energy process, (ii) it eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution, (iii) it eliminates the need for a separator, and (iv) it bypasses the need for a preliminary hydrogenation step.

Abstract: A lithium hydroxide production process integrating a lithium stripping stage with a lithium hydroxide production process performed in a two-compartment electrolysis cell.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy body by immersing the surface in a basic aqueous electrolyte formed essentially from dissolved trisodium phosphate, flowing DC current through the electrolyte and the body for cleaning, and then removing the body from the electrolyte. An additional cleaning step, which may include ultrasonic cleaning, may be performed to remove loose matter adhering to the body after the electrolytic cleaning.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus includes: a first granular electrode member and a second granular electrode member stored in a water treatment unit and provided so as to be separated from each other; a power supply unit which applies voltage between the first granular electrode member and the second granular electrode member so that ions contained in treatment target water supplied from one side of the water treatment unit are adsorbed to the first granular electrode member and the second granular electrode member; and a washing water supply pump which causes washing water to flow from the other side of the water treatment unit to the one side of the water treatment unit, thereby washing the first granular electrode member and the second granular electrode member, wherein the first granular electrode member and the second granular electrode member each include a plurality of flowable granular electrode members.