Abstract: A method of chemically converting metal surfaces of a combination of iron steel and/or galvanized steel and an aluminum alloy with a phosphate solution satisfying the following conditions:2.0.ltoreq.Na ion+K ion.ltoreq.15.0 (g/l)1.0.ltoreq.Mn ion+Ni ion.ltoreq.5.0 (g/l)1.6-0.02T.ltoreq.Zn ion.ltoreq.2.5-0.02T (g/l)3.2T.sup.-1 .ltoreq.free F ion.ltoreq.8.0T.sup.-1 (g/l)0.014T-0.02(free F ion).sup.-1 .ltoreq.free acidity.ltoreq.0.027T-0.02(free F ion ).sup.-1 (g/l)where T represents a treatment solution temperature (.degree. C.).

Abstract: A bath for pre-treatment of light metals that form oxide layers, before electroless (chemical) metal deposition is an aqueous bath containing phosphorous acid. The bath is used in the following process for electroless deposition of nickel: (1) Degreasing by boiling (2) Rinsing (3) Pickling (4) Rinsing (5) Treatment in aqueous bath containing phosphoric acid (6) Rinsing with water (7) Chemically nickel plating (8) Rinsing. The light metal articles are packed in a drum that is immersed and rotated in the pre-treatment bath. Current and voltage are applied to a light metal bar that is attached to a non-rotating place on the drum.

Abstract: A method for increasing the oxidation resistance of a Fe-Cr-Al alloy, which comprises placing said Fe-Cr-Al alloy in an atmosphere having an oxygen partial atmosphere of 0.02-2 Pa at a temperature of 950.degree.-1,200.degree. C. to form, on the surface of said alloy, an alumina-based protective film having excellent oxidation resistance.Said method enables the formation of a homogeneous protective film having excellent oxidation resistance, even on alloys having non-homogeneous compositions, such as Fe-Cr-Al alloy and the like, and is very effective for increasing the oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr-Al alloy.

Abstract: An aluminum fluoropolymer laminate and a method for making such a laminate which includes conversion coating the aluminum and bonding the fluoropolymer onto the conversion coated aluminum is described.

Abstract: A new flux composition, as well as corresponding methods for soldering electronic components to printed circuit boards, is disclosed. The new flux composition includes pimelic acid and two organic solvents. Significantly, the new flux composition leaves essentially no ionic residues at the completion of the soldering processes used to mount electronic components onto printed circuit boards.

Abstract: An anti corrosion treatment of an aluminium or aluminium alloy surface comprising the steps of treating the surface with a solution having a pH of from greater than 0 to less than 2 and comprising at least one metal oxo ion completed with phosphorus (V) wherein the metal oxo ion is vanadate or tungstate or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A heavy metal and fluoride free pretreatment for a metal surface which enhances corrosion resistance and surface adhesion properties is described. The pretreatment is an aqueous solution of an anionic polyacrylamide which can be rinsed or dried in place.

Abstract: This invention proposes the addition of imidazole and imidazole derivatives to various activator solutions for the selective activation and plating of metallic surfaces. The invention is particularly useful in plating exposed copper surfaces on printed circuit boards without substantial extraneous plating on the solder mask surfaces.

Abstract: A process for phosphating a galvanized surface of a steel strip electrolytically galvanized on one side by contacting the galvanized surface of the steel strip with a phosphating solution containing 1.0 to 6 g/l zinc, 0.5 to 5.0 g/l nickel and 14 to 25 g/l phosphate at a temperature of 40.degree. to 70.degree. C. for from 2 to 20 seconds. The ungalvanized surface remains metal bright.

Abstract: A salt bath composition is adapted to form a layer of magnetite Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 on the surface of ferrous metal parts, including nitrided ferrous metal parts, to protect the underlying iron against corrosion. This layer is impermeable and of good crystalline order, as indicated by a deep black color and a corrosion potential greater than 1 000 mV. The composition includes at least nitrate anions and sodium and lithium cations, the latter in a proportion by weight relative to the bath between 0.1% and 5%, preferably between 0.5% and 1.75%. Preferred compositions contain sodium, potassium and lithium cations and nitrate, carbonate and hydroxyl anions, within the following percentage ranges:8.5 .ltoreq.CO.sub.3.sup.2- .ltoreq.2615 .ltoreq.NO.sub.3.sup.- .ltoreq.41.54.7.ltoreq.OH.sup.- .ltoreq.21.

Abstract: A case nitrided aluminum product is produced by contacting an aluminum product with a nitriding agent at a part of a surface thereof at least, and by nitriding the aluminum product at the surface with an ambient gas at a temperature of a melting point of the aluminum product or less while keeping the aforementioned contact. The nitriding agent includes an aluminum powder, and the ambient gas virtually includes a nitrogen gas. The resulting nitriding layer has a depth of 5 micrometers or more, and it exhibits a case hardness of from 250 to 1,200 mHv. Thus, it is possible to form the deep and hard nitriding layer on the aluminum product with ease under the conditions where it has been said to be too difficult to nitride aluminum products. The case nitrided aluminum product can appropriately make sliding parts which require high wear resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming an insulating layer of a semiconductor device, in which an oxide layer having an optimum nitrogen concentration and also a sufficient thickness may be grown by independently regulating the flow rate of NO and O.sub.2 gas and supplying the NO and O.sub.2 gas to a reaction chamber. This method is such that the NO and O.sub.2 gas is supplied to the chamber by regulating the NO and O.sub.2 gas, while maintaining the inside of the chamber at a temperature of about 750.degree. C. to 1050.degree. C. for a predetermined time, wherein nitrogen is included in a Si/SiO.sub.2 interface.

Abstract: A hybrid braze alloy is disclosed that includes an aluminum alloy and a magnesium alloy mixed together. In use of the hybrid braze alloy, the ratio by weight of aluminum alloy to magnesium alloy making up the mixture may be altered within a working braze ratio range of about forty nine to one (49/1) to about four point eight to one (4.8/1), so that the braze melting temperature of the hybrid braze alloy is a function of the ratio. By altering the ratio of the alloys within the working braze ratio range, a braze melting temperature may be achieved that is most appropriate for brazing a specific component to a specific apparatus.

Abstract: A highly corrosion-resistant, highly alkali-resistant, and very paintable chromate film on the surface of a steel substrate coated with Zn-containing metal is formed by coating the substrate with an aqueous chromate bath and drying into place, preferably at a substrate temperature of 60.degree. to 200.degree. C., without a water rinse. The bath contains Cr.sup.6+, Cr.sup.3+, phosphate ions, water-soluble glycol ether (WSGE) and/or poly{vinyl alcohol} (PVA), and optionally silica sol, in amounts giving ratios of Cr.sup.3+ /Cr.sup.6+ =0.25 to 4.0, PO.sub.4 /total Cr=0.1 to 2.5, and (WSGE+PVA)/Cr.sup.6+ =0.1 to 0.5 in the bath.

Abstract: A method of providing color to a polyacrylamide based, dried-in-place, non-chromate conversion coating is provided. The addition of a phthalo green pigment and optionally a nonionic surfactant to an aqueous, dried-in-place conversion coating treatment solution provides for a colored conversion coating without adversely affecting the corrosion resistance or adhesion properties of the conversion coating.

Abstract: Adhesion apparatus for applying a hydrophobic treatment to a semiconductor wafer comprises a tank housing a treating agent of liquid HMDS and a process chamber into which a mixed gas consisting of a vaporized HMDS coming from the tank and a carrier gas is supplied for applying a hydrophobic treatment to a wafer surface. A supporting table on which the wafer is disposed during the hydrophobic treatment is provided within the process chamber. A heater and a cooling water passageway are housed in the supporting table for controlling the wafer temperature. A concentration measuring section for measuring the HMDS concentration in the waste gas is connected to the discharge pipe of the process chamber. The concentration measuring section is connected to a CPU serving to derive a temperature control signal from the measured value of the HMDS concentration. The temperature control signal is transmitted to a temperature control section.

Abstract: A process for measuring the coating weight of a dried-in-place non-chromate polyacrylamide/surfactant based conversion coating is disclosed. An ammonium hexafluorotitanate tracer added to such a conversion coating was found to not adversely affect coating properties. The tracer was found to remain proportional to the polymer matrix when the coating was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence.

Abstract: To impart an excellent corrosion resistance and adherence to the surface of tinplate while avoiding the production of sludge in the treatment bath during continuous treatment, a bath is used that contains phosphate ions, from 0.1 to 5.0 g/L of chelating agent, and tin ions; has a pH from 2.0 to 4.5; is essentially free of oxidizing agent and ferric ion; and has an oxidation-reduction potential of .ltoreq.450 mV more oxidizing than a silver-saturated silver chloride reference electrode.

Abstract: The surface oxidation under carburization temperatures of steels during the carburization with carbon-containing gas mixtures is avoided by heating the steels to the carburization temperature under a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture or pure hydrogen. For carburization, these gases are replaced by a carbon-containing gas mixture whose oxygen activity is smaller than that required for the formation of manganese(II) oxide or chromium(III) oxide.

Abstract: A conversion coating process for pretreating an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface in order to increase overlying coating adhesion and diminish corrosion and abrasion. The process involves delivering a flow of pure steam produced from deionized feedwater into a chamber. The flow of pure steam is directed against a baffle within the chamber causing the flow to diffuse. That is, the flow of steam is diverted from its initial direction of travel and caused to swirl. The surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy metal is subjected to the swirling flow of pure steam so as to generate an oxide layer on the metal. The swirling pure steam subjects the resulting oxide layer to a pressure across its face which prevents the crystallization of the oxide layer in a defined and orderly pattern. The workpiece surface is preferably preheated to a threshold temperature prior to delivering the steam.