Abstract: Described herein are crosslinked compounds useful in numerous treatments. Described herein are methods of making crosslinked compounds via (1) the oxidative coupling of two or more thiol compounds or (2) by the reaction between at least one thiol compound with at least one thiol-reactive compound.

Abstract: An agent for preventing or ameliorating skin aging, which exhibits a more excellent effect on the suppression of formation, or the amelioration, of wrinkles on the skin or sagging skin. An agent for preventing or ameliorating skin aging, containing triterpenoid saponins represented by the following formula (1) as an active ingredient, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is a tigloyl group and the other represents a tigloyl group or an angeloyl group; R3 represents a methyl group or a hydroxymethyl group; and R4 represents Glc, Xyl or Gal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oral care composition, which contains a compound represented by the formula (A): (wherein, R represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, G represents a galactose residue, m stands for an integer of from 0 to 200, and n stands for an integer of from 1 to 30); and a coaggregation inhibitor of bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium and cariogenic bacteria, which contains the compound as an effective ingredient. The composition for oral cavity according to the present invention inhibits coaggregation of bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium with cariogenic bacteria so that it has an excellent caries preventive effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the production of a sugar alcohol from the corresponding sugar through catalytic hydrogenation. Especially, the invention relates to a process for reducing the interference of sugar-derived aldonic acids in the hydrogenation process by adjusting the hydrogenation conditions so that the activity of the catalyst is maintained. In one embodiment of the invention, the process of the invention is carried out by adjusting the hydrogenation temperature by starting the hydrogenation at a lower temperature and then gradually rising the temperature to the final hydrogenation temperature. In another embodiment of the invention, the process of the invention is carried out by adding small-molecular monocarboxylic acids to the hydrogenation solution.

Abstract: ?-Lactosamine hydrochloride, substantially free of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; a method of preparing ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate from an anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, including: preparing a solution including the anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, water and at least one water-miscible organic solvent at a temperature of 0-100° C., and cooling the solution to cause crystallization of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate; a method of preparing anhydrous ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; and use of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride as a food supplement or intermediate in synthesis.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of this invention encompass a method for purifying crude rebaudioside A. In particular, this invention relates to a method for purifying crude rebaudioside A compositions comprising purities from approximately 40% to approximately 95% rebaudioside A to obtain a substantially pure rebaudioside A product with a single crystallization step. Resulting polymorph and amorphous forms of rebaudioside A and methods for preparing polymorph and amorphous forms of rebaudioside A from crude rebaudioside A compositions and substantially pure rebaudioside A compositions also are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to n-alkylated synthetic nucleosides and phosphoramidites of high regio-specific purity and stability and for selective deprotection of the protecting group in oligonucleotides for the purpose of synthesis of high purity selectively n-alkylated sequence specific DNA and RNA. Such oligonucleotides are useful for study of mechanism of cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA damage, detection and reversal of cellular cytotoxic and mutagenic damages that occurs from the incorporation of methylated nucleosides, the corresponding phosphates and triphosphates and their precursors, via de novo DNA synthesis. The reagents could be extremely valuable tools as diagnostics and mutagenic reversal reagents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing targetable bioconjugates of hydralazine, a direct vasodilating agent previously shown to decrease tumor blood flow, oxygenation and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors. These bioconjugates are hydralazine prodrugs that contain hydralazine conjugated to biocompatible carrier molecules which specifically bind to sites that are expressed on a diverse variety of tumor cell types. These hydralazine prodrugs are preferably conjugated through an acid-labile hydrazone link that is designed to be stable in plasma and release hydralazine through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the acidic environment of the target tumor. Because these prodrugs are stable at physiological pH and in plasma, they are devoid of systemic vasoactive activity; however, they are acid-labile conjugates that can be hydrolyzed upon reaching the more acid environment of the tumor where the vasoactive activity of hydralazine is restored.

Abstract: Novel glycopeptide antibiotic derivatives. These derivatives are represented by the formula (aglycon part of glycopeptide antibiotic derivative)-(Sac-NH)—RA [wherein (aglycon part of glycopeptide antibiotic derivative) is the part formed by removing the sugar part from a known glycopeptide antibiotic derivative; (Sac-NH) part is an amino sugar part or a sugar chain part containing an amino sugar; and RA represents, e.g., the formula —X1—Ar1—X2—Y—X3—Ar2 (wherein X1, X2, and X3 each represents 1) a single bond or 2) a heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group selected from the group consisting of —N?, ?N—, —NR1—, —O—, etc.; Y represents —NR2CO— or —CONR2— (wherein R2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl), etc.)]. These derivatives have antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria.

Abstract: Methods for treating bleeding disorders using non-anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharides (NASPs) as procoagulants are disclosed. NASPs can be administered as single agents, or in combination with one another, or, with other medications (such as factors VII, VIII and IX) to promote hemostasis. In particular, the use of NASPs in treatment of bleeding disorders, including congenital coagulation disorders, acquired coagulation disorders, and trauma induced hemorrhagic conditions is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to oral and intra-articular formulations based on sulphated hyaluronic acid which are effective in the treatment of degenerative osteoarthritis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for treating obesity, reducing excessive body weight, treating an obesity-related condition, treating unwanted localized fat deposits, and treating areas of cellulite. The method comprises the steps of first identifying a subject in need thereof, and administering to the subject an effective amount of rhamnolipids. A pharmaceutical composition comprising rhamnolipids can be applied by any accepted mode of administration including oral, intranasal, subcutaneous, percutaneous, intravenous, or intracutaneous administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation of heparin silver, to use of heparin silver in manufacture of medicine for treating burns and/or scalds, to a method of using heparin silver to treat burns and/or scalds, and to a topical preparation containing heparin silver for treating burns and/or scalds. The heparin silver product prepared according to the method of the present invention has a high purity and less impurity. The animal test proved that the medicine made by using heparin silver exhibited effects of accelerating wound healing and reducing scar formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of chlorinating a carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a sucrose-6-ester at the 4,1?, and 6? positions, with irreversible removal of HCl formed during the reaction to form the chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-6-O-ester of galactosucrose (TGS-6E). The irreversible removal of HCl can be carried out by an irreversible physical process and/or an irreversible chemical process. Sucralose, an artificial sweetener, can be prepared by deesterification of the TGS-6E. The chlorination reaction takes place at low temperatures and the desired chlorinated product is obtained in high yields and in high purities.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation treats Friedreich's ataxia and treats or prevents pathologies related thereto. In particular, the pharaceutical preparation concerns the use of diazoxide or 7-chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4 benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, in combination with glucose and/or leucine, for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and for the treatment or prevention of pathologies related thereto.

Abstract: The invention includes methods and compositions for remodeling a peptide molecule, including the addition or deletion of one or more glycosyl groups to a peptide, and/or the addition of a modifying group to a peptide.

Abstract: The invention includes methods and compositions for remodeling a peptide molecule, including the addition or deletion of one or more glycosyl groups to a peptide, and/or the addition of a modifying group to a peptide.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) inhibitors and methods of their use in the treatment of cardiac conditions. In general, the RyR2 inhibitors of the present invention assist in the normalization of intracellular calcium homeostasis. In certain embodiments, the RyR2 inhibitors are store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) inhibitors that minimally inhibit or do not inhibit Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), thereby providing beneficial effects in cardiac therapy.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds such as macromolecules that have been modified in order to facilitate crosslinking and methods of making and using thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing parenteral iron-saccharidic complexes, and the complexes produced, comprising: (1) providing an aqueous solution or dispersion including (i) Fe(III) and (OH)? ions and (ii) at least one saccharide, to form a reaction mixture, where the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is about 30:1 to about 1:30; and the mixture temperature and pH are at or above the complex assembly point (CAP); and (2) maintaining temperature and pH at or above the CAP for a time sufficient to form an iron-saccharidic complex having a molecular weight of about 25,000 Daltons or more. Control of the temperature and pH efficiently produces a high molecular weight complex. The complex can be separated by precipitation, dialysis and/or column fractionation and, if desired, dried, e.g., lyophilized or spray dried. The process can controllably synthesize complexes of varying molecular weight and/or chemical composition, particularly sodium ferric gluconate and ferric hydroxide-sucrose.