Abstract: In a liquid substance supply device, a three port two valve directional control valve is provided in a transfer line, and a substance container and the transfer line are connected together by a four port three valve directional control valve in such a way that the four port three valve directional control valve and the substance container can be removed from the transfer line as a unit. Furthermore, in a vaporizer, an orifice member is provided to surround the end portion of an internal conduit in which flows a mixture substance consisting of a gas and a liquid substance mixed therewith, and gas for atomization is spouted into a vaporization chamber through a gap defined between the internal conduit and the orifice member. Yet further, the temperature of a vaporization surface in the vaporization chamber can be controlled independently in correspondence with the nature of the liquid substance.

Abstract: Packing elements typically used in columns to enhance chemical reactions are illustrated. The packing element may be shaped as a sphere, ellipsoid, any shape of a revolution of a conic, and made of polygonal elements of various numbers of sides. Alternate embodiments illustrated may have faces analogous to crystal shapes, or large number of sides of same or variable dimensions. The packing elements have various shapes of drip points. The construction of the element is such that pieces can be folded thus saving assembly time and cleaning time.

Abstract: A mass or heat transfer device is provided in the form of a tray with at least one movable or fixed valve covering an opening to prevent liquid flowing in the design flow direction to pass through the opening.

Abstract: An aeration system for a submerged membrane module has a set of aerators connected to an air blower, valves and a controller adapted to alternately provide a higher rate or air flow and a lower rate of air flow in repeated cycles. In an embodiment, the air blower, valves and controller, simultaneously provide the alternating air flow to two or more sets of aerators such that the total air flow is constant, allowing the blower to be operated at a constant speed. In another embodiment, the repeated cycles are of short duration. Transient flow conditions result in the tank water which helps avoid dead spaces and assists in agitating the membranes.

Abstract: A process for producing a solution of a gas in a liquid in which the gas is soluble, the solution having a predetermined concentration up to saturation. The gas and the liquid are brought together under controlled supply in a proportion corresponding to the predetermined concentration of the solution, and the gas and the liquid are caused to form a stream passing through a common conduit. The gas and the liquid in the stream are caused to intermix under the action of gravity, and the intermixing is repeated before the gas and the liquid have separated, so that the gas is substantially absorbed in the liquid, forming a gas-liquid solution of the predetermined concentration. The stream may be brought into turbulence for intensifying the intermixing of the gas and the liquid. An apparatus for performing the process includes a conduit including a continuous tubular coil formed with a plurality of upwardly and downwardly directed sections.

Abstract: A compact, improved injector-mixer for injecting and thoroughly mixing fine bubbles of air into a contaminated water stream from a fish tank is disclosed. Water is pumped down through an injection section of the present invention where air is injected into the stream by an improved Venturi construction. The mixture then flows into an improved mixing section, vertically disposed within a protein skimmer chamber, where it is thoroughly mixed such that the plethora of small air bubbles have a greater chance to bond with the contaminants of the water, the contaminants becoming buoyant as a result. Upon introduction of the mixture into the protein skimmer chamber, the bubbles of air and contaminants attached thereto rise to the top of the protein skimmer column to be contained, while the filtered and oxygenated water is returned to the tank through a base of the protein skimmer chamber.

Abstract: A fragrance disperser includes a first source (25) of fragrance associated with a first flowpath (21) and a second source of fragrance (26) associated with a second flowpath (23). A fan (17) provides a flow of air along the first flowpath (21) or the second flowpath (23) to release the associated fragrance. A flow controller (38, 52) is movable by an actuator (34) to open and close the flowpaths (21, 23) so that only one fragrance is released at a time or a proportionate mixture of the two fragrances is released.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam injection module (1), suitable for a unit for the pasteurization or sterilization of liquid to highly viscous food products. A steam tube (2) passes through a product line section (3), transverse to the longitudinal axis, made homogeneously from a single material by cutting with no welded seams. This steam tube (2) exhibits steam outlet openings (7) within the product line section (3). The hot steam at about 150 degrees centigrade is injected into the flowing product through the steam outlet openings. The product line section (3) and this steam cube (2) are each fixed by fixing flanges (8, 8?, 9,9?) in the total line set of the unit.

Abstract: A mixing device for mixing air and water in a water purifier includes a water inlet pipe (2) and an air inlet pipe (3). The air inlet pipe (3) extends coaxially within the water inlet pipe (2) and defines therewith an annular gap (4) for providing an annular water jet. Downstream of the annular gap (4) there is provided a mixing member (6) for mixing water and air. The mixing member (6) includes a water flow disturbing device (7) which is provided to be hit by the annular water jet. At least those parts (2a) of the water inlet pipe (2) and/or those parts (3a) of the air inlet pipe (3) which define the annular gap (4), are made of plastic material. The water flow disturbing device (7) includes at least one helical member (8) which extends along the inner side of the mixing member (6) around through-flow portions (6a) thereof within the helical member (8) such that helical movements are imparted to the annular jet of water when it flows downwards through the through-flow portions (6a).

Abstract: A cooling tower fill support grid assembly and method of use which includes multiple cooling tower assembly fill hangers, each having a grid pattern that defines multiple grid openings of selected size. In one embodiment an anchor rivet pin extends from the horizontal grid members upwardly and disproportionally spaced-apart from the vertical grid members, into each grid opening. The anchor rivet pins are located off-center on the horizontal grid members between respective vertical grid members for engaging elliptical splash fills that are inserted in the aligned grid openings of adjacent assembly fill hangers in a first configuration. Once so inserted, the elliptical splash fills are rotated ninety-degrees into contact and engagement with the anchor rivet pins in a second, installed configuration.

Abstract: A vaporizing device is provided for control, delivery, and purification of low vapor pressure gases in conjunction with carrier gas in micro-electronics and other critical applications.

Abstract: An improved venturi apparatus for facilitating the mixture of fluid substances. The apparatus preferably has first funnel section operative to receive a fluid and channel the same through a first cylindrical section or passageway. The first cylindrical section is fluidly connected to an intermediate passageway having a diameter larger than the first cylindrical section. At least one sidearm passageway is fluidly connected to the intermediate passageway into which at least one second fluid is introduced. The at least one sidearm passageway is preferably configured to fluidly interconnect with the intermediate passageway at approximately the medial portion of the intermediate passageway. Fluidly connected to the intermediate passageway is a second cylindrical section that is operative to direct the flow of the intermixed fluids to a second exit funnel section.

Abstract: A method and a device for the atomization of a liquid by directing a jet of liquid onto a hot contact surface, in particular a deflecting surface, so that a part of the liquid is vaporized. The non-vaporized liquid is atomized into small droplets that form an aerosol.

Abstract: A tower/frame structure of interconnected columns and beams (which may be used in a cooling tower) and novel columns, beams, connection mechanisms and other components are provided. In one embodiment, a column and a beam are constructed of pultruded composite fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials. The beam includes two sidewall extensions or flanges (each having one or more attachment apertures) at one end and which are integral with the beam for connection to the column (having one or more corresponding attachment apertures). The dimension/spacing between the inner walls of the two flanges substantially equals or is slightly larger than the outer dimension of the column. The attachment holes are aligned and a fastener is inserted through the extensions and column for attaching the column and beam. The C-shaped end of the beam substantially conforms to the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the column.

Abstract: A mechanical draft cooling tower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid spray assembly is provided below the air outlet. A fill shell assembly is provided below the liquid spray assembly such that liquid can be sprayed onto the fill sheet assembly. An indirect heat exchange assembly is mounted beneath the fill sheet assembly. The indirect assembly usually comprises a series of coils through which a fluid to be cooled is circulated. A first air inlet is provided beneath the fill sheet assembly and includes a closing assembly. A second air inlet is provided beneath a top surface of the indirect assembly and includes a closing assembly.

Abstract: A divided wall exchange column includes a dividing wall strengthened by stiffening members and/or a double wall design to better withstand pressure differentials and minimize temperature differentials. When a double wall is used, cost of manufacture and installation is minimized by reducing the manufacturing tolerances required while providing a design robust in construction, installation, and operation. When structured packing is used, the stiffening members, combined with positioning the layers of packing at preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, result in minimal interference with the heat and/or mass transfer process while minimizing the complexity of manufacture and construction of the packing. Further, by positioning the top layer of structured packing at other preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, a simplified liquid distributor design may be used in the divided wall exchange column while the layers below may still be orientated as described above with all the associated benefits.

Abstract: A gas bubble generator suitable for use in anaerobic digestion systems for treating waste sludge. The gas bubble generator is submerged within a large body of liquid and is attached to a stackpipe. The gas bubble generator includes a first gas accumulation chamber, a second gas accumulation chamber and a stand pipe that has a gas outlet through which gas exits the bubble generator. The gas bubble generator further includes a continuous passageway between the second gas accumulation chamber and the stand pipe through which gas can travel from the first and second gas accumulation chambers to the gas outlet. The continuous passageway is absent a hydraulic braking orifice.

Abstract: Liquid-vapour distribution device for use in two-phase concurrent down-flow vessels, having a level, horizontal tray being perforated with holes, each perforation through the horizontal tray being fitted with a vapour lift tube, the vapour lift tube including at least one elongated up-flow leg and one down-flow leg creating at least one up-flow zone and a down-flow zone between the up-flow zone and down-flow zone, and a bluff body being arranged within the transition zone and/or in a region of the upflow or down-flow zone adjacent to the transition zone of the vapour lift tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing bubbles that exhibit an excellent monodispersity. The invention relates to a method for generating bubbles by the injection and dispersion of a gas through a porous body into a liquid, wherein the value produced by dividing the pore diameter that accounts for 10% of the total pore volume in the relative cumulative pore distribution curve of the porous body by the pore diameter that accounts for 90% of the total pore volume in the relative cumulative pore dismeter distribution curve of the porous body is 1 to 1.5.

Abstract: Ampoules for producing a reaction gas and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an ampoule includes a vessel having an interior volume configured to receive a precursor with a headspace above the precursor. The ampoule further includes a carrier gas inlet for flowing carrier gas into the vessel, a conduit having an opening in the precursor and an outlet in the headspace, and a means for flowing precursor through the conduit and into the headspace to increase the surface area of the precursor exposed to the carrier gas.