Abstract: A heating device may include a substrate and a heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate. The heating element may include an ohmically resistive coating having a layer thickness of 2 to 300 microns. The ohmically resistive coating may include at least 30% by weight of at least one ductile or malleable metal and a plurality of electrically resistive particles. The ohmically resistive coating may be deposited via the at least one of the cold spray and the solid state deposition performed at a temperature below at least one of a melting temperature and a partially softening temperature of the at least one ductile or malleable metal. The ohmically resistive coating may exhibit less heterogeneity and porosity than a thermally sprayed coating, may have a density of 90% or greater, and may have a porosity of 10% or less.

Abstract: A monolithic graphite heater for heating a thermionic electron cathode includes first and second electrically conductive arms, each one of the first and second electrically conductive arms having an electrode mount at a proximal end, a thermal apex at a distal end, and a transitional region between the electrode mount and the thermal apex; a cathode mount electrically and mechanically coupling each thermal apex to form a maximum Joule-heating region at or adjacent the cathode mount and decreasing Joule-heating along each transitional region; and a press-fit aperture formed in the cathode mount, the press-fit aperture sized to receive at least a portion of the thermionic electron cathode for facilitating thermionic emission produced therefrom in response to operative heat power generation provided by the maximum Joule-heating region.

Abstract: A flow sensor of a domestic appliance has an axle that is substantially perpendicular in the installed state to the flow direction of a fluid channel of the domestic appliance. The bearing component is designed as a single part and has at least two interconnected limbs, each limb having an axle mount for one end of the axle of the flow sensor, wherein the two axle mounts are mutually spaced apart in such a way that they correspond in a relaxed condition of the bearing component to an extension of the axle of the flow sensor. The two limbs are designed to be elastic such that the spacing between the axle mounts can be increased in order to insert the flow sensor between the axle mounts.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a wafer comprises: a rotatable chuck adapted to receive a wafer; a heating assembly comprising an array of light-emitting heating elements arranged to illuminate a wafer received by the rotatable chuck to heat the wafer; and one or more light sensors arranged to detect light emitted by the array of light-emitting heating elements.

Abstract: An electric heater for a fluid comprises a plurality of electrically conductive tubes arranged in a bundle for resistive heating having an axial extension, electrical connectors arranged between the tubes. The electric heater is configured for the fluid to flow through the bundle in direct contact with inner and outer surfaces of the tubes. Each of the tubes has an outer diameter within a range of 6-40 mm and an outer diameter to wall thickness ratio within a range of 5-15 or within a range of 7-12. A ratio between a total cross-sectional surface area in between the tubes and a total cross-sectional area inside the tubes lies within a range of ?10% to +30% or within a range of ?5% to +25% of a ratio between the outer and inner diameters of one tube.

Abstract: An electrically heatable, above-the-calf, oversock is formed by interconnected fabric sections. The oversock defines a foot section and a leg section interconnected with one another. The foot section has a toe heating section secured thereto. The leg section is formed of interconnected pattern fabric panels secured together by thread seams. In one embodiment of the oversock, the pattern fabric panels include two elongated side fabric panels extending from a top end of the leg section to the foot section, a front panel and a rear panel. At least the lateral one of the two elongated side fabric panels is formed by two or more superimposed side panel pattern pieces interconnected to one another by stitch seams and defining there between a channel through which extends a power feed wire from a switch secured in a upper part of the channel and accessible from an outer surface of the lateral side panel. The feed wire extends to the toe heating section where it is secured to a toe heating wire.

Abstract: An infrared radiation and heating element and heat transfer and radiation element includes a nanocomposite configured to emit infrared radiation and absorb and emit thermal radiation. The heating element can include a panel, layer or an object, and a nanocomposite covering at least a part of a surface of the panel, layer or object. The heating element can include a power transmitting element configured to provide power to the nanocomposite from a power source. The nanocomposite can be configured to release desired infrared radiation as a result of the provided power. The heating element can include a back layer extending over the nanocomposite such that the nanocomposite is positioned between the front side and the back side. The back layer can be configured to direct infrared radiation released from the nanocomposite in a first direction. The nanocomposite can be incorporated in liquid to allow efficient heat transfer.

Abstract: An appliance (210) to heat a liquid, the appliance (21) including: a vessel (212) to receive the liquid to be heated, the vessel (212) having a generally central upright longitudinal axis (218), a bottom housing (220), and a side wall (222) extending upwardly from the bottom housing (220), with a portion of the bottom housing (220) and side wall (222) at least partly enclosing a chamber (234) within which the liquid is heated; and a heating element (238) in thermal communication with the chamber (234) so that heat generated by the element (238) can be delivered to the liquid via convection, wherein the housing (210) includes a deformable sealing member (268) sealingly associated with the element (238) to sealingly connect the element (238) and bottom housing (220), with the member (268) inhibiting transmission of sound from the chamber (234).

Abstract: An electronic cigarette includes an atomizer having a coil-less heating element. The coil-less heating element may include a heating section and two leads electrically connected to the heating section. The heating section is made of one or more fiber materials. The two leads may be made of conductive materials that can conduct liquid to the heating section. Alternatively, the heating element may include one or more fiber materials with two conductive sections, and a heating section between the conductive sections. The heating section has a significantly higher electrical resistance than the conductive sections. The different electrical resistances may be achieved by modifying the fiber materials with a material (e.g. metals) having higher electronic conductivity. Different electrical resistances may also be achieved by modifying the shape of the fiber materials to provide the conductive sections with a larger cross-section, and the heating section with a smaller cross-section.

Abstract: A heater includes: a flexible printed wiring board including a base film and a metal foil provided on one side of the base film; a heater circuit portion that is formed from the metal foil and generates heat when energized; and a heat conductive foil portion that is formed from the metal foil at a position away from the heater circuit portion and is maintained in a non-energized state.

Abstract: A novel portable mosquito dispeller comprises a shell, wherein a battery case is fixedly mounted in the shell, a battery is received in the battery case, a lower portion of the battery case is flat, a base is screwed at a bottom of the shell such that receiving cavities for receiving mosquito-repellent mats are defined by the battery case, the shell and the base, first studs and second studs are disposed on an upper portion of the battery case, a circuit board is fixedly connected to the first studs with screws and is provided with atmosphere lights, an indicator light and a switch button, a top cover is fixed to the second studs with screws to mount a PTC heating element/heating film bracket between the circuit board and the top cover, and a PTC heating element/heating film electrically connected to the circuit board is disposed in the PTC heating element/heating film bracket.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A PVC heating blanket preferably includes a power unit, a heating blanket portion, and a fastening device. The power unit preferably includes a thermostat and a power cord. The thermostat controls the flow of electrical current to the heating blanket portion. If the heating blanket portion gets too hot, the thermostat will stop the flow of electrical current to the heating blanket portion. The heating blanket portion preferably includes a heating element and a flexible outer cover. The heating element is retained within the flexible cover. The fastening device extends from a middle of one edge of the heating blanket portion. The power unit is located adjacent the one edge of the heating blanket portion.

Abstract: Support plates and support structures for thermal processing systems to heat workpieces are provided. In one example, a thermal processing apparatus is provided that includes a plurality of heat sources, a rotatable support plate, and a support structure having a flexibility in the radial direction of the rotatable support plate that is greater than a flexibility in the azimuthal direction of the rotatable support plate. Also provided are support plates for supporting a workpiece in a thermal processing apparatus. The support plate can include a base defining a radial direction and an azimuthal direction and at least one support structure extending from the base having a flexibility in the radial direction of the base that is greater than a flexibility in the azimuthal direction of the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically conductive film (10) having an electrically nonconductive substrate layer (12), and an electrically conductive metal layer (14) that has a structure produced by material removal and that on a first side is joined, at least in sections, to the substrate layer (12).

Abstract: An optical heating device for heating a substrate includes: a chamber for accommodating the substrate; a pair of transmissive windows disposed on the wall of the chamber, the transmissive window facing each other for allowing light for heating to enter inside the chamber; a support member for supporting the substrate to face each of the main surfaces of the substrate and the pair of transmissive windows each other; a plurality of LED elements for emitting light toward the substrate supported by the support member; a flash lamp for emitting light toward the substrate supported by the support member; and a first lighting control unit for controlling the lighting of the flash lamp after a predetermined time has elapsed since the time of lighting the LED elements.

Abstract: An apparatus arranged to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of said smokable material is described. An example of the apparatus includes a housing for receiving smokable material; and at least one heater arranged within the housing for heating smokable material removably received within the housing in use. The heater has first and second ends and a hollow central portion in which smokable material is received in use, and is formed from a sheet which is rolled into a tube and sealed along its length to prevent air entering or leaving the heater other than through at least one of the first and second ends.

Abstract: An infrared radiant panel is formed by overlaid substrates having conductors thereon which are electrically activated to generate heat to cause infrared radiation of desired wavelengths. The conductors are arranged to cancel magnetic fields caused by current flow therethrough. A conductive shield further suppresses fields generated by the panel.

Abstract: As treatment of a semiconductor wafer to be a product proceeds in a heat treatment apparatus, contaminants adhere to an inner wall surface of a chamber. After the treatment of the semiconductor wafer is completed, a gas containing ozone is supplied into the chamber to form an atmosphere containing ozone. While the atmosphere containing ozone is heated by irradiation with light from a halogen lamp, a flash lamp emits a flash of light containing ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light decomposes ozone to generate active oxygen, and the active oxygen reacts with the contaminants to decompose and remove the contaminants from the inner wall surface of the chamber. The contaminants decomposed and vaporized are discharged out of the chamber by exhausting the atmosphere in the chamber.

Abstract: An energized assembly to disseminate a treatment agent in vapor phase to a local environment. The assembly includes an emanator element to hold treatment agent, and a flameless energizing source to facilitate volatization of the treatment agent. Preferred embodiments operate for a period of time of between about 4 and 8 hours, and can then be discarded. Typically, a housing associates the treatment agent and the energizing source. Embodiments may sometimes include one or more of: a gas-tight boundary element, a thermal transfer element, a trigger mechanism, a safety mechanism, a termination mechanism, a time-delay mechanism, solidized treatment agent to avoid spills, and a sequestering arrangement.