Abstract: A heat exchanging wall including a base member made of a material comprising graphite as its principal component and a resin as a binder, and a thin outer coat member made of similar material as the material for the base member and applied to one surface of the base member. The material for the base member is cast in a mold having a finely ribbed inner wall surface so that the base member may be formed in such one surface thereof with fine linear grooves. Portions of the thin outer coat member corresponding in position to the grooves in such one surface of the base member are formed with a multitude of small apertures. The heat exchanging wall constructed as aforementioned has high corrosion-resistant characteristics and high heat transfer capabilities, so that the wall is resistant to all corrosive fluids.

Abstract: Power generating plants discharge steam or hot water typically from a steam turbine to a condenser system for the purpose of cooling the discharged fluid prior to its being recirculated. The condenser system receives water from an ambient source pumped using a circulating water pump, said water being elevated to a temperature on the order of 115.degree. F. to 125.degree. F. upon passing through the condenser system. The condenser system can operate in basically two different states to provide either single pressure, single pass condenser operation when the waste hot water is discharged to the source and not used, or multi-pressure, multi-pass condenser operation to maintain an elevated hot water supply that is fed to a load (utilization equipment). Valve controls are provided for enabling serial-to-parallel and, vice versa, switching between modes of operation without difficulties and with only a slight drop in load during the transition.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment of the invention has a group of three concentrically disposed banks of helical steam generator tubes. Shrouds interposed between each of these three tube banks establish liquid barriers between the individual banks that prevent liquid sodium (or other shell side working fluid) from enjoying free communication throughout all of the tube banks. In this way, potentially damaging leakage between the shell side working fluid and the water within one of the tube banks can be isolated through discontinuation of the shell side working fluid and feedwater flow to the leaking bank, thereby permitting the remaining sound tube banks to continue functioning.

Abstract: A three way valve selectively charges or discharges gas under pressure within the annular gaps between a series of transversely extending longitudinally spaced radiator tubes fixed to a radiator panel to control waste heat rejection and coaxial inner tubes which may comprise heat pipes or turns of a sinuous coolant flow tube for spacecraft, earth satellites and the like to thermal couple and decouple the heat pipe or coolant flow tube to the space radiator.

Abstract: A passage is provided in a heat exchanger water compartment to permit expansion of a tube following its introduction into the bottom of the compartment. The heat exchanger is constructed so that a parameter K.sub.1 is in the range of 1.2 to 8. This parameter is equal to the length of the surface in contact between the tube and the passage multiplied by the ratio of the thickness of the bottom to the thickness of the tube wall, and the ratio of the tensile strength of the bottom material to the tensile strength of the tube material.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling dough in a mixer comprising a multi-section direct expansion jacket provided on the main sheet and both end walls of the mixing bowl, the jacket providing a flow path for liquid coolant progressively increasing in cross-sectional area from the inlet to the outlet, and having flow control and heat transfer maximizing means so that the velocity of coolant flow through and a minimum pressure drop across the flow path remain substantially constant and the liquid coolant is always maintained in contact with the heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A metal substrate is provided with a single layer of randomly distributed metal bodies bonded to the substrate, spaced from each other and substantially surrounded by the substrate to form active condensation heat transfer surface and body void space.

Abstract: An inner surface substrate of metal tubes is provided with a single layer of randomly distributed metal bodies bonded to the substrate, spaced from each other, and substantially surrounded by the substrate to form body void space.

Abstract: The 1st type of parallel flow evaporator, comprising an upper tank and a lower tank, a plurality of flat pipes communicating said upper and lower tanks, fins inserted between each of said flat pipes, having an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe respectively, said outlet pipe being inserted into the innermost of said upper tank and provided with bores at respective positions above each of said flat pipes, and said outlet and inlet pipes are respectively inserted on the windward of said upper and lower tanks.

Abstract: Two identically folded strips enclose an intermediate space accessible at e edges of the strip, and the fold cavities opening to the outside of the strip structure are closed off at the strip edges and covered by outside cover plates over their central portions, so that one medium may be caused to flow through each of the sets of outside fold cavities and a third medium through the intermediate space. The third medium flows countercurrent to the direction of flow of the other two. Modules of four such matrices utilize inlet and outlet ducts so that the two or four matrices in a compact modular structure can be structurally repeated in accordance with the number of modules desired in the particular application. The inlet and outlet ducts have tapering flow cross-sections.

Abstract: A fluid medium is conveyed along a conduit. During its passage through the conduit, the fluid medium undergoes temperature change. The change in temperature of the fluid medium is performed in a step-wise manner by indirect heat-exchange with a fluid flowing countercurrent to the fluid medium, that is, by means of a plurality of heat-exchangers arranged along the conduit. The fluid medium forms incrustations and the rate at which incrustations form is different at different temperatures. This is taken into account by providing for the ratio between the lengths of any two heat-exchangers to approximate the ratio between the rates at which incrustations form at the temperatures of the respective heat-exchangers. Of particular interest is the extraction of bauxite with sodium aluminate lye.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises an outer cylindrical casing and an inner cylindrical sleeve coaxially mounted therein. Dry superheated steam circulates in the jacket between the outer casing and the inner sleeve, and may be extracted at any convenient point along the casing. Wet steam is introduced into the inner casing whose lower portion comprises a separation baffle for removing water from the wet steam and whose upper portion has nests of heat exchanging tubes for superheating the steam.

Abstract: The tubes adjacent the shell inlet in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or similar device are protected against erosion by the incoming shell-side fluid by tube shields which are fixed at one end to a tube sheet or baffle and slidably supported at the other end by a transverse bar or similar supporting member attached to an adjacent tube sheet or baffle. In exchangers having staggered tubes, the exposed tubes in the second row may be protected by tube shields which depend from the tube shields protecting tubes in the first row or from their supporting members and which extend adjacent the exposed tubes in the second row.

Abstract: Cooling device for a liquid-cooled semiconductor power component of the type having a disc cell formed with two main contact surfaces and electrical and thermal pressure-contacting means therefor in an insulating casing, and having means for liquid cooling including cooling capsules through which liquid flows, the cooling capsules being connected by a clamping device to the two main contact surfaces of the disc cell and being selectively coupable through a liquid-conducting support bar to a plurality of semiconductor power components, including insulating screw connections for connecting union pipes and connecting pipes for the coolant to the cooling capsules with an inclusion of at least partly cold-deformable material of the insulating screw connections, the cooling capsules being connected coolant-wise in series, and including expansion bends formed at least in the connecting pipes between the cooling capsules.

Abstract: A tube-hole structure for an expanded tube-to-tube-sheet joint which is formed by axially moving a rod within each tube member in each tube hole of the tube sheet by external drive means, thereby imparting an elastic mass placed inside the tube with a sufficient compressive load to expand the tube uniformly in the radial direction to provide a rigid joint between the tube and tube hole, characterized in that each tube hole has at least one circumferential groove with an axial dimension or length of 1.5/.beta. to 3.0/.beta. (.beta. being ##EQU1## WHERE R is the mean radius of the tube member to be expanded, t is the wall thickness of the tube, and .nu. is the Poisson's ratio).

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an improved multipass condenser construction having provisions therein which allow the condensate formed from each pass through the core portion thereof to by-pass substantially all of the remaining core portions thereby promoting maximum efficiency of the condenser. The condenser comprises a pair of vertically extending headers each having a plurality of baffles provided therein and an interconnecting core structure. The baffles are arranged so as to cause a gaseous fluid to flow through the core structure in alternating directions so as to be cooled and condensed to a liquid state. Each of the baffles is provided with a small aperture which allows condensate formed from each pass of the gaseous fluid through the core structure to by-pass the remaining portions of the core and flow directly to the lower end of the headers.

Abstract: Thin liners and tubes of special metals and alloys such as tantalum bonded to substrates or mounted in support plates of metallurgically dissimilar metals and alloys such as mild steel by an elastomer such as a silicone or fluoro elastomer. Also a shock absorbent mounting of tubes telescoped into heat exchanger tubes of special metals by elastomer cushions interposed between the tubes.

Abstract: A protective grid and structural support for a radiator having opposed tanks and a recessed core includes a grid assembly configured to be disposed within a recess. The grid assembly has a continuous substantially rigid frame and a plurality of outwardly accessible corner mountings rigidly securing the grid assembly to the radiator to minimize distortion and relative movement between the radiator components.

Abstract: A counterflow heat exchanger is described with two sets of heat exchanger passages separated by heat exchanger plates disposed in substantial parallelism within the exchanger and supported so that the passages extend substantially vertically. The heat exchanger may be employed as an air-to-air or as an air-to-water heat exchanger and can be used to remove moisture or pollutants from hot exhaust air by condensation within the exchanger passages. When employed as an air-to-water heat exchanger, the water is sprayed onto the surfaces of the upper ends of one set of passages so that it flows down their length, while air is transmitted into the lower end of the other set of passages and caused to flow upward.

Abstract: A controllable heat-transmission device, herein called a thermic device, uses temperature changes to modulate heat flow between two regions. A fluid, in thermal contact with both regions, varies its non-radiative heat transfer in response to the temperature of either region or to a separate temperature source: both hereafter simply called the temperature source. The variation in heat transfer is due only to the thermal energy of the two regions or the temperature source; no other energy is required.