Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a polymer layer with a selected index of refraction has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a monomer material capable of cross linking into a polymer with the selected index of refraction, forming an evaporate; (b) passing the evaporate to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; and (c) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on a substrate and crosslinking the glow discharge monomer plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge monomer plasma and achieves self curing and forms a polymer having the selected index of refraction.

Abstract: Impregnating agents are concurrently processed with bulky materials such as recycled wastes within a turbulent fragmenting zone in order to fragment and uniformity impregnate the fragmented materials with impregnating agents. Uniform distribution of the impregnating agents throughout the processed materials may be accomplished by using multiple injection lines which port into the fragmenting zone at a position so as impregnate fluidized particles. Application of the impregnating agent is maintained at a substantially uniform pressure (e.g. porting from a manifold) so as to uniformity disperse and impregnate the impregnating agents throughout the processing material. The dispersal of the impregnating agent is effectuated by concurrently suspending fragmenting and impregnating the materials within the fragmenting zone 7. Recycled waste materials may be effectively impregnated with a host of impregnating agents such as application of pesticides, colorants, binding agents, insecticides, herbicides, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for coating a medical implant, wherein the implant is submersed in an aqueous solution of magnesium, calcium and phosphate ions through which a gaseous weak acid is passed, the solution is degassed, and the coating is allowed to precipitate onto the implant. The invention further relates to a medical implant coated in said method and to a device for use in said method.

Abstract: A process for forming an oxidation and corrosion resistant coating on selective surfaces of an airfoil providing a chamber having an external wall which receives a hollow sleeve for defining an internal space and an annular space between the external wall and sleeve. The airfoil to be coated is located within the internal space. An activator is provided in the internal space below the airfoil. The chemical coating composition is located in the annular space. The chamber is closed and heated to a desired temperature for a sufficient time to coat selective surfaces of the airfoil with the coated composition.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a metallization process for forming a highly integrated interconnect. More particularly, the present invention provides a dual damascene interconnect module that incorporates a barrier layer deposited on all exposed surface of a dielectric layer which contains a dual damascene via and wire definition. A conductive metal is deposited on the barrier layer using two or more deposition methods to fill the via and wire definition prior to planarization. The invention provides the advantages of having copper wires with lower resistivity (greater conductivity) and greater electromigration resistance than aluminum, a barrier layer between the copper wire and the surrounding dielectric material, void-free, sub-half micron selective CVD Al via plugs, and a reduced number of process steps to achieve such integration.

Abstract: A solvent-free, two-component strip coating for metal surfaces is described which comprises the following components: A) 5 to 20% by weight of an optionally substituted aromatic diamine, 0.1 to 5% by weight of a dehydrator, 0.01 to 1% by weight of an accelerator based on tertiary amines, 0.01 to 1% by weight of an accelerator based on organic tin compounds, a polyether polyol based on poly(oxyalkylene) glycols as the remainder; B) 40 to 60% by weight of an aromatic diisocyanate based on a phenylene or toluylene diisocyanate, 40 to 60% by weight of a polyether polyol based (poly(oxyalkeylene) glycols. Despite its freedom from solvents, the strip coating according to the invention has rapid-hardening and rapid-drying properties, can be applied to a metal surface to be treated in a single spray operation and finally can be removed without problem and residue-free.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for increasing the charring ratio of coal. In manufacturing an ingot iron using the coal, magnesium oxide or limestone is used as an additive for charring the coal. The additive increases the charring ratio of the coal while giving no affection onto slag. An MgO suspension or limestone suspension is mixed with the coal and thus obtained mixture is dried to attach MgO or the limestone onto the surface of the coal. The charring effect is increased and the using amount of coke can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and system for coating a traveling material web, especially paper or cardboard, with at least one liquid medium, in which the coating medium is conveyed to an applicator device with a spray nozzle fitted in a vacuum chamber to generate a spray mist. The spray mist is applied to the material web according to the invention in that it is applied to the outside of at least one roll and transferred to the material web from the roll.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for marking a surface with a highly visible and substantive mark comprising mixing a dry granular, free-flowing superabsorbent polymer powder with liquid, preferably water, and dye to form a semi-solid gel and depositing the gel onto the surface to be marked. The marking apparatus comprises a chamber for mixing the gel and a ram used to eject the gel from the chamber without excess mechanical agitation and without causing significant breakdown of the gel. The dye makes the gel very visible, the bulk of the gel makes it more easily visible, the nature of the gel makes it temporary; easily dispersed with time, sunlight or water.

Abstract: The material for inverting static electricity (or static electricity inverting material) of the present invention contains Si or SiOx (0<x<2) on the surfaces or inside of a base material. The Si or SiOx may be directly vapor-deposited on the base material. Or a silicon sheet prepared from a raw material of Si or SiOx may be attached to the base material. Furthermore, in the case where the static electricity inverting material contains the Si or SiOx thereinside, the Si or SiOx may be sandwiched or mixed in the base material. Moreover, the base material may be singly composed of the Si or SiOx. The invention provides also a method for removing static electricity by covering the surface of a static electricity producing body partly or totally with the static electricity inverting material, alternately, by covering a space accommodating a static electricity receiving body which is electrically charged through connection with the external space with the static electricity inverting material.

Abstract: A method of forming a film having enhanced reflow characteristics at low thermal budget is disclosed, in which a surface layer of material is formed above a base layer of material, the surface layer having a lower melting point than the base layer. In this way, a composite film having two layers is created. After reflow, the surface layer can be removed using conventional methods.

Abstract: A method of producing a dehydrated hydrogel comprises dispensing fibers into an aqueous solution of a hydrogel precursor material incorporating a plasticiser, the fibers incorporating cations which are capable of cross-linking said precursor material to form a hydrogel, and freeze drying the mixture thus produced to provide a dehydrated hydrogel which incorporates said fibers, the dehydrated hydrogel being cross-linked by said cations.

Abstract: Used oil is treated in a reactor to remove contaminants. The reactor comprises a rotating vessel forming an internal reaction chamber. The vessel is housed within a heating chamber. The inside of the vessel is indirectly heated by conduction through the vessel walls. The reaction chamber contains a permanently resident charge of non-ablating, granular coarse solids. Within the reaction chamber, the oil is vaporized and pyrolyzed, producing a hydrocarbon vapour. Coke is formed as a byproduct. Contaminants, such as metals and halides, become associated with the coke. The coarse solids scour and comminute the coke to form fine solids. The fine solids are separated within the reaction chamber from the coarse solids and are removed from the vessel through a pipe located at the axis of the vessel. The hydrocarbon vapours are also removed from the vessel through the axial pipe, as a separate stream. Residual fine solids are separated in a cyclone from the vapour stream.

Abstract: In a method for coating of disc-shaped data storage media with a coating medium at least one coating nozzle is moved quickly by a first movement into the vicinity of a coating medium application location at the inner area of a storage medium and subsequently the at least one application nozzle is moved slowly by a second movement to the location of application. The coating medium is applied at the location of application and is distributed by a centrifugal force resulting from rotation of the storage medium. The device for coating disc-shaped data storage media with a coating medium has a rotatable support for the storage medium and at least one coating nozzle comprising a drive unit for moving the at least one coating nozzle across the storage medium to a location of application of the coating medium. The drive unit is a hydraulic arrangement with a first hydraulic cylinder for a first, fast movement and a second hydraulic cylinder for a second, slow movement of the at least one coating nozzle.

Abstract: A method for restoring or enhancing an environmental resistant coating of a coating total thickness within a coating design thickness range on a metal substrate of an article includes the application of a restoring or enhancing metal to at least one discrete local surface area. Then at least the discrete local surface area is coated with an environmental resistant coating. For use of the method to restore a coating on an article which has experienced service operation and the discrete surface area includes an undesirable amount of oxidation/corrosion products, the oxidation/corrosion products first are removed from an outer portion of the coating while retaining a coating present at the discrete surface areas and retaining the entire coating on surface areas adjacent the discrete surface areas. Then the restoration metal is applied.

Abstract: A closed loop controllable fluid application system is provided, comprising a substantially enclosed housing, having horizontal and vertical surfaces, with an inlet and an outlet slot formed in opposing vertical surfaces allowing passage of a work piece through the housing; and a mist outlet and a sump drain each formed in one of a horizontal and a vertical surface. Fluid circulation lines communicate with the housing and an application fluid source, terminating inside the housing with a connection to one or more controllable spray devices for delivering atomized application fluid to coat passing work pieces. A mist collector evacuates air through the mist outlet and extracts application fluid from the evacuated air. The mist collector and the sump drain are connected to fluid circulation lines for recycling excess liquid and air-borne application fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymeric prosthesis precoated with a bone cement compatible polymer. The bone cement compatible polymer coating, is provided by an activated powder mixture of polymethyl methacrylate and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene which is bonded to the outer surface of the prosthesis by sintering. Once bonded to a polymeric prosthesis in accordance with the present invention, the precoat strengthens the interface between a bone cement and a prosthesis when the prosthesis is later implanted. The inner layer of the prosthesis may be provided of cross-linked UHMWPE powder sintered with virgin UHMWPE powder or fibers to provide a intermediate layer(s) of the coating present on the prosthesis. The precoat also decreases the likelihood that the prosthesis will loosen and break away from the cement over time.

Abstract: A fuel gas reformer assemblage for use in a fuel cell power plant is formed from a composite plate assembly which includes spaced-apart divider plates with interposed monolithic open cell sponge-like members which form gas passages. The monolithic members have a lattice of internal open cells which are both laterally and longitudinally interconnected so as to provide for a diffuse gas flow. The entire surface area of the monolithic components is wash coated with a porous alumina layer, and selected areas of the wash coat are also catalyzed. The reformer assemblage is constructed from a series of repeating sub-assemblies, each of which includes a core of separate regenerator/heat exchanger gas passages. The core in each sub-assembly is sandwiched between a pair of reformer gas passage skins, which complete the subassembly. Adjacent reformer gas/regenerator/reformer gas passage sub-assemblies in the composite plate assembly are separated from each other by burner gas passages.

Abstract: Urea is pyrolyzed in a chamber designed to facilitate gasification of the urea by pyrolysis with conversion of urea to ammonia and isocyanic acid (HNCO) with water vapor and carbon dioxide. The product gases are introduced into exhaust gases from a lean-burn engine, preferably upstream of a turbocharger. The exhaust gases are then contacted with an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing well-crystallized adherent diamond layers on WC—Co substrates. An array of focused laser beams is scanned across the WC—Co sample. Useful lasers include the excimer, YAG:Nd, and carbon dioxide types. The process is conducted in open air with carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases delivered for shrouding the substrate. A luminous plasma is found a few mm above the WC—Co insert. The duration of the deposition process in a typical case is approximately 40 s. This typically gives 20-40 &mgr;m thick coatings. The vertical growth rate is about 1 &mgr;m/s.