Abstract: An apparatus and method are presented for use in optical processing of an article. The apparatus comprises: one or more optical windows for directing predetermined electromagnetic radiation therethrough to illuminate a region of interest and collecting radiation returned from the illuminated region; and two or more ports operable for inputting or discharging one or more gases from the vicinity of the region of interest on the article being processed to create in the vicinity of said region a substantially static state of environment, non-absorbable for said electromagnetic radiation, thereby reducing amount of ambient gas in the vicinity of said region of interest and enabling optical processing of the article while maintaining it in the ambient gas environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detection element that allows repairing of a defect portion, and that minimizes the number of pixels from which charges cannot be read out when repaired. Namely, in two adjacent pixels that are connected to a signal line having a defect portion where a defect has occurred and that are adjacent to the defect portion, the signal lines and the parallel lines are short-circuited to configure a parallel circuit parallel to the defect portion.

Abstract: A sensor section is provided with a detection element sensitive to light and radiation so that normal operation of the sensor section can be confirmed. The function for confirming operation of the sensor section using an optical pulse signal from a light emitting element is controlled from a monitor module section for connection with the sensor section. When the optical pulse for confirming operation of the detection element is generated, output from the sensor section is excluded from operation at the monitor module section so that confirmation of operation by an optical pulse is not affected. Furthermore, a configuration for stopping the sensor operation confirmation function when the output from the sensor section is high counting rate is provided over both the sensor section and the monitor module section.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining MTF and DQE of an ionizing radiation imaging system/detector is provided, comprising a box having aligned windows transparent to an ionizing radiation beam. When the box is placed in front of the detector, the beam passes through the box. The apparatus further comprises: a KERMA module for measuring incident free-air KERMA; a backscatter baffle for preventing backscatter of the beam from the detector into the KERMA module; a scatter baffle for preventing scatter of the beam into the KERMA module, and to reduce backscatter from the backscatter baffle; at least one MTF module for enabling acquisition of at least one edge image. Each module and the at least one backscatter baffle are independently moveable in and out of the beam, such that open, dark and edge images may be independently acquired, and KERMA module measurements may be performed independent of image acquisition, to determine DQE.

Abstract: A method and to a corresponding apparatus reads out X-ray information stored in a storage phosphor plate (1), the storage phosphor plate (1) being irradiated with stimulation light (3) and so being stimulated into emitting emission light which is collected by a detector (9) during several measuring times and being converted into corresponding emission light signals (S, R). In order to guarantee high reliability when examining sensitivity fluctuations, in particular with different types of detectors, provision is made such that reference measurements are taken by the detector (9) during several reference measuring times and several reference signals are thus produced, the individual reference measuring times falling respectively between the measuring times, and the reference signals being used for examining the sensitivity of the detector (9) to emission light.

Abstract: A method for improving timing response in light-sharing scintillation detectors is disclosed. The method includes detecting an event, by a plurality of photo sensors, from a scintillation crystal. The method then includes sampling and digitizing the photo sensor outputs by an analog-to-digital converter. Then the method includes correcting associated timing data, by a processor, for each of the photo sensor outputs based on a lookup table. The method then includes selectively time shifting the photo sensor outputs based on the lookup table to generate corrected photo sensor outputs. The method then includes summing the corrected photo sensor outputs by the processor. The method then includes generating an event time, by the processor, for the detected event based on the sum of the corrected photo sensor outputs.

Abstract: The test elements are provided that are adapted to detect at least one analyte in a sample. At least some of the test elements are provided with a defect marking which contains information about defectiveness of the test elements. The test elements include at least one radiation-sensitive material. The test elements are exposed to at least one radiation, the radiation being adapted to induce marking in the form of at least one optically detectable change in the radiation-sensitive material.

Abstract: In a method for determining the distance of an object flying through the atmosphere and emitting radiation energy, the spectral intensity distribution of the radiation emitted by the object in a predefined wavelength range is detected. An intensity distribution spectrum of the object is measured in the region of an absorption structure of the atmosphere, and a point having an extremal gradient on a flank of an intensity rise or fall, caused by the atmospheric absorption structure, in the measured intensity distribution spectrum is determined. The path length traveled by the radiation through the atmosphere, and therefore also the distance between the detector and the object, are determined by comparison with known transmission data for the atmosphere.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a digital X-ray detector assembly is provided that includes a digital detector array and a support panel secured to the detector array, wherein at least one side of the support panel includes a recess exposing an edge region of the detector array. In another embodiment, a method is provided for assembling a digital X-ray detector assembly. The method includes securing a rear side of a detector array to a front side of a support panel that includes a recess in at least one side of the support panel, wherein the recess of the support panel exposes an edge region of the detector array; and processing the exposed edge region of the detector array. In a further embodiment, a method is provided for assembly and servicing of a digital X-ray detector assembly.

Abstract: A mirror reflection processing method for a position sensitive detector device in intelligent bathroom products. The infrared emitter in the position sensitive detector device is provided with two infrared emitting intensity modes. The position sensitive detector device determines whether to consider that no signal is collected in current collection according to the result of comparison between the reflected infrared signal intensity received by the infrared receiver and the preset value therein, thereby overcoming the mis-operation of the position sensitive detector device when being opposite to objects with relatively high reflectivity, and making the position sensitive detector device even more widely applied.

Abstract: A calibrated real-time, high energy X-ray imaging system is disclosed which incorporates a direct radiation conversion, X-ray imaging camera and a high speed image processing module. The high energy imaging camera utilizes a Cd—Te or a Cd—Zn—Te direct conversion detector substrate. The image processor includes a software driven calibration module that uses an algorithm to analyze time dependent raw digital pixel data to provide a time related series of correction factors for each pixel in an image frame. Additionally, the image processor includes a high speed image frame processing module capable of generating image frames at frame readout rates of greater than ten frames per second to over 100 frames per second. The image processor can provide normalized image frames in real-time or can accumulate static frame data for substantially very long periods of time without the typical concomitant degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A miniaturized floating gate (FG) MOSFET radiation sensor system is disclosed, The sensor preferably comprises a matched pair of sensor and reference FGMOSFETs wherein the sensor FGMOSFET has a larger area floating gate with an extension over a field oxide layer, for accumulation of charge and increased sensitivity. Elimination of a conventional control gate and injector gate reduces capacitance, and increases sensitivity, and allows for fabrication using standard low cost CMOS technology. A sensor system may be provided with integrated signal processing electronics, for monitoring a change in differential channel current ID, indicative of radiation dose, and an integrated negative bias generator for automatic pre-charging from a low voltage power source. Optionally, the system may be coupled to a wireless transmitter. A compact wireless sensor System on Package solution is presented, suitable for dosimetry for radiotherapy or other biomedical applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for identifying an atomic element in proximity to an integrated circuit. Trace amounts of a contaminant are identifiable. The atomic element is exposed to neutron radiation to convert a portion of the atomic element into a radioactive isotope of the atomic element. Upsets are measured for the binary states of the memory cells of the integrated circuit during a time period following the exposure to the neutron radiation. The atomic element is identified from the upsets of the binary states of the memory cells of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a particle comprising a non-metallic core having a fluorescent material and a metallic shell encapsulating the non-metallic core wherein the metallic shell has transparency for an electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength to excite the said fluorescent material and reflectance for an electromagnetic radiation having a second wavelength emitted by the said fluorescent material to confine the electromagnetic radiation having the second wavelength in the metallic shell. This system allows for the excitation of optical cavity modes inside the particle even at sub-micron particle size. The cavity modes are extremely sensitive to any change of the dielectric environment of the particle. This sensitivity can be used for the construction of optical nano-biosensors. Another application of the system is that of a microscopic source for spherical light waves, which may find applications in digital inline holography and display technology.

Abstract: An integrated antenna for transmitting or receiving radiation in a frequency range from 100 GHz to 3 THz, the antenna being characterized in that it comprises: a conductive ground plane (PM) deposited on a “top” surface (S) of a dielectric or semiconductor substrate (SB); a conductive ribbon (RC) extending above said ground plane (PM) and forming an angle (?) therewith, so as to form a radiating structure (SR) of the transverse electromagnetic wave horn type; and a planar waveguide (G) comprising at least first and second conductive strips (BS1, BS2) formed on said top surface of the substrate, and connected respectively to said conductive ribbon (RC) and to said conductive ground plane (PM). A terahertz transmitter and/or receiver including such an antenna and a device for generating and/or detecting a terahertz signal integrated on the same substrate (SB) as the antenna and connected thereto by said waveguide (G). A method of fabricating such an antenna and such a transmitter and/or receiver.

Abstract: A device includes a neutron-sensitive composition. The composition includes, in weight percent, a non-zero amount of aluminum oxide (e.g., approximately 1% to approximately 3.5% aluminum oxide), greater than 12% (e.g., approximately 12% to approximately 17%) boron oxide, greater than approximately 60% silicon oxide (e.g., approximately 62% to approximately 68% silicon oxide), and a non-zero amount of sodium oxide (e.g., approximately 10% to approximately 14% sodium oxide). The device is capable of interacting with neutrons to form an electron cascade.

Abstract: A method of visually detecting a leak of a chemical emanating from a component includes aiming a passive infrared camera system towards the component; filtering an infrared image with an optical bandpass filter, the infrared image being that of the leak; after the infrared image passes through the lens and optical bandpass filter, receiving the filtered infrared image with an infrared sensor device; electronically processing the filtered infrared image received by the infrared sensor device to provide a visible image representing the filtered infrared image; and visually identifying the leak based on the visible image. The passive infrared camera system includes: a lens; a refrigerated portion including the infrared sensor device and the optical bandpass filter (located along an optical path between the lens and the infrared sensor device). At least part of a pass band for the optical bandpass filter is within an absorption band for the chemical.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems, methods, and apparatus for providing anode and cathode electrical separation in detectors. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is presented for providing a neutron detector tube. The method may include applying a conductive layer to at least a portion of an inner surface of a non-conductive cathode tube associated with a neutron detector; applying a neutron sensitive cathode coating to at least a portion of the conductive layer; sealing a first portion of the neutron detector tube with a cathode cap; and sealing a second portion of the neutron detection tube with an anode cap.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an array of detector pixels each including an array of detector cells. Each detector cell includes a photodiode biased in a breakdown region and digital circuitry coupled with the photodiode and configured to output a first digital value in a quiescent state and a second digital value responsive to photon detection by the photodiode. Digital triggering circuitry is configured to output a trigger signal indicative of a start of an integration time period responsive to a selected number of one or more of the detector cells transitioning from the first digital value to the second digital value. Readout digital circuitry accumulates a count of a number of transitions of detector cells of the array of detector cells from the first digital state to the second digital state over the integration time period.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an array of detector pixels each including an array of detector cells. Each detector cell includes a photodiode biased in a breakdown region and digital circuitry coupled with the photodiode and configured to output a first digital value in a quiescent state and a second digital value responsive to photon detection by the photodiode. Digital triggering circuitry is configured to output a trigger signal indicative of a start of an integration time period responsive to a selected number of one or more of the detector cells transitioning from the first digital value to the second digital value. Readout digital circuitry accumulates a count of a number of transitions of detector cells of the array of detector cells from the first digital state to the second digital state over the integration time period.