Abstract: A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the synthesis of polycyclic guanidine compounds. In certain embodiments, provided methods include the step of contacting a described reagent with a triamine compound to provide a polycyclic guanidine compound.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing enantiomerically pure compounds 1a and 1b of the following formula 1 from racemic compound 1 of the following formula 1. [formula 1] The compounds 1a and 1b of the above formula 1 respectively are important intermediates for a process for preparing the respective compounds 2a and 2b of the following formula 2, which are 2,2?-binaphthol-3-aldehyde derivatives. The following compounds 2a and 2b are useful for preparing enantiomerically pure amino acids. The present invention provides a method for preparing the above compounds 1a and 1b very conveniently and economically, and suitably for mass production.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process to convert a converted lignin feedstream to an aromatic composition comprised of aromatic compounds. The process follows the steps of exposing the converted lignin feedstream to at least one catalyst in the presence of donated hydrogen atoms at an exposure temperature greater than 190° C. for a time of at least thirty minutes. The donated hydrogen atoms are donated from at least one hydrogen donating compound during exposure of the converted lignin feedstream to the at least one catalyst at the exposure temperature. The resulting products are comprised largely of aromatics.

Abstract: Provided herein are formulations, processes, solid forms and methods of use relating to 7-(6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((trans)-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazino[2,3-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one.

Abstract: The invention relates to medicine and pharmacology, more particularly to drugs, and even more particularly to pharmaceutical compositions for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The pharmaceutical composition for treating GERD contains at least one proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and at least one prebiotic. Also claimed is a method for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease in which it is not necessary to eradicate the presence of H. pylori in order to prevent the risks associated with the translocation of said bacteria from the antrum to the body of the stomach. The composition provides for prevention of the translocation of H. pylori by means of the colonization of the antrum by lactobacilli and the concurrent inhibition of H. pylori during PPI therapy. This makes it possible to dispense with the need to detect the bacteria and carry out a course of eradication therapy. The safety of long-term PPI therapy is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful as ligands in organometallic dyes. More particularly, the invention relates to dyes comprising the compounds, said dyes being sensitizing dyes useful in solar cell technology. According to an embodiment, the present invention discloses new ruthenium dyes and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). The referred ruthenium dyes with new structural features can be easily synthesized, show more than 85% light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and a higher than 9% cell efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a sample characterized by binding a substance A containing a hydrazide group to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative via hydrazone formation between the hydrazide group of the substance A and the reducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative thereby to enable the separation and purification of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative for an analytical sample from a biological sample containing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative by a simple operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-3-acetylglycerol in high purity and high yield without a purification process using a column chromatography, and a method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol in high purity and high yield using the same as a key intermediate. The method for preparing 1-palmitoyl-3-acetyl glycerol comprises the steps of: forming a reaction mixture including 1-palmitoyl-3-acetyl glycerol of the Formula 1 in the specification by reacting 1-palmitoylglycerol of the Formula 2 in the specification and an acetylating agent; and separating the optically active 1-palmitoyl-3-acetylglycerol by crystallizing the reaction mixture in a saturated hydrocarbon solvent having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Methods for treating a subject having a prostate cancer bone metastasis are disclosed. Methods for prophylactically treating a subject at risk of developing a prostate cancer bone metastasis are also disclosed. The methods for treating a subject having, or at risk of developing, a prostate cancer bone metastasis may include administering a prostatic acid phosphatase inhibiting agent to the subject. The methods for treating a subject having, or at risk of developing, a prostate cancer bone metastasis may also include administering a phosphonic acid to the subject. Further, the phosphonic acid may include a benzylaminophosphonic acid, such as [phenyl[(phenylmethyl)amino]methyl]-phosphonic acid).

Abstract: An agrochemical formulation comprising a penetrant and an agrochemical active. The penetrant is an esterified and/or etherified polyol alkoxylate obtainable by directly esterifying and/or etherifying a polyol alkoxylate. There is also provided a method of making the penetrant comprising alkoxylation of a polyol, and esterification or etherification of the formed poyol alkoxylate. The penetrant is suitable for use in agrochemical formulations to enhance penetration of the active across a leaf cuticle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I: (I) a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses as inhibitors of the complement alternative pathway, in particular of Factor B. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an antibacterial cleansing composition. The cleansing composition is free of triclosan and comprises lactic acid/lactate, at least one C2 to C3 alcohol, and glutamate diacetate. Lactic acid/lactate is present in the composition in an amount of about 5 weight percent (wt %) to about 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition. The C2 to C3 alcohol is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition. Glutamate diacetate is present in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt %. The pH of the composition is about 4 to about 5. The triclosan-free cleansing composition according to the invention has superior antibacterial activity that surpasses comparable triclosan-free formulations that do not contain glutamate diacetate.

Abstract: Piperidine compounds and pharmaceutically useful salts thereof, a pharmaceutical composition including an effective amount of the racemic or enantiomerically enriched piperidine compounds to treat gastrointestinal diseases, and a method of treating gastrointestinal diseases in a mammal are provided.

Abstract: The present invention produces ethanol in a stacked bed reactor that comprises a first catalyst and a second catalyst, wherein the first and second catalysts comprise at least one group VIII metal, and wherein the second catalyst is substantially free of copper. The crude ethanol product may be separated and ethanol recovered.

Abstract: Azaindazole compounds for treating various diseases and pathologies are disclosed. More particularly, the present invention concerns the use of an azaindazole compound or analogs thereof, in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Wnt pathway signaling (e.g., cancer, abnormal cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrotic disorders, bone or cartilage diseases, and osteoarthritis), the modulation of cellular events mediated by Wnt pathway signaling, as well as genetic diseases and neurological conditions/disorders/diseases due to mutations or dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and/or of one or more of Wnt signaling components. Also provided are methods for treating Wnt-related disease states.

Abstract: A carbazole compound represented by the following formula: wherein, when m=1, n=0, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and X2 are C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl, provided that Ar1 and Ar2, or Ar3 and X2 may form together a ring; X1=C6-50 arylene; R1, R2, R4, R5 and R7 are H, halogen, amino, C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 alkoxy, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl, R3 and R6 are H, halogen, C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 alkoxy, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl; when m=0, n=1-3, Ar3, Ar4 and Ar5 are C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl, Ar4 and Ar5 may form together a ring; X1=C1-18 alkyl, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl; X2=C6-50 arylene; R1-R7 are H, halogen, C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 alkoxy, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl; when m=0, n=0, X1=C1-18 alkyl, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl; Ar3 and X2 are C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl; R2=H, halogen, C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 alkoxy; R1 and R3-R7 are H, halogen, C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 alkoxy, C6-50 aryl or C4-50 heteroaryl. The carbazole compound is suitable for an organic EL device.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating cancer and neoplastic disease. Provided herein are substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful for inhibition of histone demethylase. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of cancer, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer and/or melanoma and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and biomimetic catalysts useful for hydrolyzing glucose polymers, such as cellulose, and oligomers, such as cellobiose, to glucose for the subsequent production of ethanol.