Abstract: Enhanced methods for the generation of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells from pluripotent stem cells are provided that involve an additional step of contacting the cells with an activator of FGF8 signaling while differentiating Pax6+ cells progenitor cells into MGE cells with an activator of sonic hedgehog, and optionally a Wnt inhibitor. The activator of FGF8 signaling shifts the differentiation of the population of cells to NKX2.1+ MGE cells, rather than to CopuTFII+ caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) cells. Methods for treatment of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, by transplant of MGE cells, or GABAergic interneurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells, into a subject in need of treatment are also provided. Human pluripotent stem cell derived MGE cells when transplanted successfully suppress spontaneous seizures, e.g. in epilepsy.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, assays and devices for the differential diagnosis and detection of disease progression of autoimmune diseases. The methods, assays and devices provided herein produce and analyze binding patterns of peripheral-blood antibodies on mimetic peptide arrays that differentiate autoimmune diseases, and identify patients progressing to internal organ complications such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), or renal involvement.

Abstract: The invention provides antagonistic antibodies to BACE1 and methods of using the same for the treatment of neurological disease and disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the pharmaceutical use of FAM19A5 involved in regulating gliogenesis, and more specifically, to the use of FAM19A5 in the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of central nervous system injuries, degenerative brain diseases, or central nervous system diseases, FAM19A5 being spread in the neural stem cells in vertebrates and regulating gliogenesis.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods (e.g., in vitro methods) for use of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a biomarker in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Provided herein is an in vitro method for the diagnosis, prognosis, and/or monitoring of RILI in a human subject by providing a tissue or plasma sample from the subject and detecting the level of NAMPT therein, wherein a higher level of NAMPT in the tissue or plasma sample from the subject compared to a healthy control or a reference value is indicative for the presence of RILI in the subject. Further provided herein is a method of detecting NAMPT in a human subject by obtaining a biological sample from the subject, detecting the presence of NAMPT in the sample by contacting the sample with a capture agent that specifically binds NAMPT, and detecting binding between NAMPT and the capture agent.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits useful in the detection, assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and/or treatment of brain injuries, especially mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion, are based upon detection of changes in levels of certain protein biomarkers in a subject undergoing testing, or upon detection of changes in levels of certain protein biomarkers in conjunction with neuroimaging analyses to detect changes in vascular or blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the brain, or to detect damage to fiber tracts in the brain, in which changes in biomarker levels correlate with detection of changes in BBB permeability or in brain fiber tract or white matter damage in a subject with brain injury such as mTBI or concussion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of treating a neuropsychiatric disorder. This method involves selecting a subject having the neuropsychiatric disorder and administering to the selected subject a preparation of glial progenitor cells at a dosage effective to treat the neuropsychiatric disorder in the subject. Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to a method of treating a neuropsychiatric disorder that includes selecting a subject having the neuropsychiatric disorder and administering, to the selected subject, a potassium (K+) channel activator at a dosage effective to restore normal brain interstitial glial K+ levels in the selected subject and treat the neuropsychiatric disorder is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of detecting abnormal expression of one or more genes associated with a neurological disease such as the Alexander disease, the Alzheimer's disease, the Parkinson disease, the Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The methods include performing a transcriptome analysis of the astrocytes derived from a patient and the astrocytes derived from a healthy control subject, thereby to determine one or more genes that are substantially differentially expressed. Also disclosed are methods of treating a neurological disease by correcting the abnormally expressed genes associated with the neurological disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting an antibody-drug-conjugate and relates to a method for determining the efficacy of an antibody-drug-conjugate with high accuracy by a quantitative technique for identifying an expression level of a target molecule in a target cell of the antibody-drug-conjugate and interactions therebetween. According to the method, visualizing a drug and an antibody, or components of an antibody-drug-conjugate, by immunostaining with a phosphor integrated dot enables detection of the antibody-drug-conjugate and the components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, which method comprises selecting a laminin or a fragment thereof based on binding affinity for the pluripotent stem cells and inducing differentiation of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the laminin or a fragment thereof. Here, the binding affinity for cells can be assessed by time-course observation of the survival rate and motility of the cells. According to the present invention, a cell population containing any desired proportion of differentiated cells can be produced from pluripotent stem cells in a simple manner. The cell population obtained by this production method is very useful for cell therapy-based treatment strategies for diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated cytotoxic T cell (CTL) peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. The present invention relates to 11 novel peptide sequences and their variants derived from HLA class I and class II molecules of human tumor cells that can be used in vaccine compositions for eliciting anti-tumor immune responses.

Abstract: A population of brain pericyte-like cells, wherein the cells express pericyte markers but do not express ACTA2 and wherein the cells are generated from hPSCs, is disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of a mammal having a neurological condition, disease, or injury. The methods involve increasing the number of functional GABAergic interneurons at or near the site of the neurological disease, injury, or condition.

Abstract: Complexes containing a labeled polypeptide and an antibody, and the use of such complexes as research, diagnostic, and clinical tools, are described herein.

Abstract: A reliable assay to specifically detect CD155 in tissue sections has widespread use because CD155 is expressed widely among tumor types. Additionally, detected expression of CD 155 in glioblastoma cells is at levels commensurate with susceptibility to PVSRIPO (a poliovirus construct) infection and killing. An anti-CD155 antibody can achieve mono-specific detection of CD155 in immunoblots of tumor homogenates and immunohistochemistry of tumor formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections. The assay can be used to determine appropriate use of PVSRIPO in oncolytic immunotherapy against cancers.

Abstract: The invention provides antibodies to tau. The antibodies inhibit or delay tau-associated pathologies and associated symptomatic deterioration.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for increasing levels of and/or upregulating the expression of ApoA-I Binding Protein (APOA1BP, AIBP, or AI-BP) to treat, ameliorate, prevent, reverse, decrease the severity or duration of: a neuropathic pain, including an inflammation-induced neuropathic pain, a nerve or CNS inflammation, a, a post nerve injury pain, a post-surgical pain, a chemotherapeutic-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) (e.g., cisplatin-induced allodynia) a neurodegeneration or neurodegenerative disease or condition, a migraine, and/or a hyperalgesia.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for promoting survival of or axon regeneration in neurons by increasing mitochondrial motility in the neuron. Also disclosed are methods to treat neuronal injury and disease and disorders characterized by neuronal injury. Agents that increase Armcx1 activity, such as Armcx1 polypeptide or vectors comprising nucleic acid encoding Armcx1 polypeptide, are proposed for use in the methods. Pharmaceutical composition comprising the agents, and methods for identifying additional agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the early diagnosis and prognosis of an inflammatory state of the brain, caused by neurological, neurodegenerative, and/or aging diseases. Said method is based on the qualitative- quantitative evaluation of microglia microvesicles in a subject's plasma.

Abstract: Provided are epithelial cell spheroids including spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face towards the interior core of the spheroid and spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face away from the interior core of the spheroid. Also provided methods of making and using such spheroids.