Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of xylose/arabinose-containing polymers, present in biomass material. The hydrolysis is performed by acid which is generated via salts present in the substrate, and whereby acid is constantly recycled, thereby strongly reducing salt discharge.

Abstract: Novel silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve compositions comprising SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 with at least about 5 wt % of in situ-produced amorphous portion. Such compositions can be uncalcined or calcined and novel processes for their preparation are described. These compositions, when loaded or impregnated with a catalytically active species such as a Group VIII noble metal are novel, and are excellent hydroisomerization catalysts.

Abstract: A method for producing starch films comprises the following steps: preparing a mixture comprising starch and water, wherein more than 50 weight percent of the starch is present in the form of particles of granular starch; shaping the mixture to form a film in a shaping process; solidifying the mixture by increasing the temperature of the mixture during and/or after the shaping process by more than 5° C. Films produced by this method have starch particles bonded to one another. A device for performing this method comprises a shaping device for enabling shaping of the starch material to form a film, and has a heating device for performing a heat treatment for destructuring of the starch during and/or after the shaping.

Abstract: An apparatus to generate nitric oxide is disclosed in one embodiment in accordance with the invention as including a heat source and a vessel containing the heat source. A tablet may be placed within the vessel such that it is in thermal communication with the heat source to receive heat therefrom. The tablet may contain reactants that are substantially non-deliquescent and form nitric oxide in response to heat from the heat source.

Abstract: Provided are: a photocatalyst comprising a porous first metal oxide film having pores, and a second metal particle or a second metal oxide particle formed inside the pores; a method for preparing the photocatalyst; and a photocatalyst apparatus using the photocatalyst.

Abstract: A method for improving the yield during the production of crystalline alpha lactose is suggested, wherein (a) An aqueous lactose solution is adjusted to a temperature of between about 62 and 67° C., (b) The solution is cooled down to between about 20 and 30° C., (c) The solution is held at this temperature for a period of from 0.5 to 5 h, (d) Subsequently, the solution is re-heated to between about 35 and 40° C., (e) The solution is held at this temperature for a period of from 0.5 to 5 h, (f) Subsequently, the solution is cooled down to about 10° C., and (g) Eventually, the precipitated alpha-lactose crystals are separated from the mother liquor.

Abstract: Lithium diphenylphosphide solutions in a solvent, e.g., diethoxymethane (DEM), that are more stable than when tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used as a solvent. Methods of producing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are green-emitting, garnet-based phosphors having the formula (Lu1-a-b-cYaTbbAc)3 (Al1-dBd)5(O1-eCe)12: Ce,Eu, where A is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Sr, Ca, and Ba; B is selected from the group consisting of Ga and In; C is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; and 0?a?1; 0?b?1; 0<c?0.5; 0?d?1; and 0<e?0.2. These phosphors are distinguished from anything in the art by nature of their inclusion of both an alkaline earth and a halogen. Their peak emission wavelength may lie between about 500 nm and 540 nm; in one embodiment, the phosphor (Lu,Y,A)3Al5(O,F,Cl)12: Eu2+ has an emission at 540 nm. The FWHM of the emission peak lies between 80 nm and 150 nm. The present green garnet phosphors may be combined with a red-emitting, nitride-based phosphor such as CaAlSiN3 to produce white light.

Abstract: A method for forming a catalyst can comprise: heating a Ge-ZSM-5 zeolite powder at a temperature of 400 to 600° C.; ion-exchanging the heat-treated zeolite powder with an alkali metal and impregnating the heat-treated zeolite powder with noble metal; heating the ion-exchanged, impregnated zeolite powder to a temperature of 250 to 350° C.; mixing the second heat-treated zeolite powder with a solid silica binder and a colloidal silica binder to form a mixture, wherein if the solid silica has a purity of less than or equal to 66 wt % of silica oxide based on the total weight of the solid silica, then the mixture is free of an extrusion aide and the colloidal silica has a particle size of less than 20 nm as measured along a major axis; forming the mixture into a shaped body; and heating the shaped body to 100 to 350° C. to result in the catalyst.

Abstract: A chromatographic method for separating a sugar from a sugar-containing liquid feed mixture by: contacting the liquid feed mixture with a stratum of cation exchange resin comprising a crosslinked copolymer matrix functionalized with sulfonic acid groups, and recovering a first product stream from the stratum that has a higher purity of the sugar than present in the liquid feed mixture. The method is characterized by the stratum of cation exchange resin including: i) at least 80 wt % of cation exchange resin including alkaline earth counter ions, and ii) at least 5 wt % of cation exchange resin including alkali earth counter ions.

Abstract: The present invention provides cellulose hydrogels having one or more of the following properties: high water content, high transparency, high oxygen permeability, high biocompatibility, high tensile strength and desirable thermal stability. The present invention further provides a process for preparing a cellulose hydrogel comprising (i) a step of activating cellulose, in which the activating step comprises contacting the cellulose with a solvent to activate the cellulose for a time duration from about 2 hours to about 30 hours; (ii) substantially dissolving the activated cellulose to form a solution; and (iii) gelling the solution to form a gel, in which the gelling step comprises allowing the solution to gel in an environment comprising a relative humidity from about 30% to about 80% at 35° C.

Abstract: Provided is a titanium oxide dispersion liquid that has dispersibility and dispersion stability both at superior levels and, when applied and dried, can form a photocatalyst coating film capable of rapidly developing excellent photocatalytic activity. The titanium oxide dispersion liquid according to the present invention includes titanium oxide particles (A), a dispersing agent (B), and a solvent (C). The titanium oxide particles (A) support a transition metal compound. The dispersing agent (B) includes a poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof. The poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof in the dispersing agent (B) preferably includes a poly(acrylic acid) alkali metal salt. The poly(acrylic acid) or a salt thereof in the dispersing agent (B) preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 100000.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are titania photocatalysts, titania photocatalytic compositions, and methods of making the same. The photocatalysts may, for example, be represented by the formula of (Ti1-rMr)(O2-x-yCxNy), where M, r, x, are y defined in the specification. The photocatalysts may, in some embodiments, provide superior photocatalytic activity relative to titania. Also disclosed are methods making the photocatalysts. The method may provide economical techniques for obtaining the titania photocatalysts.

Abstract: Yellow-green to yellow-emitting, lutetium aluminate-based terbium (Tb) containing phosphors for use in white LEDs, general lighting, and LED and backlighting displays are disclosed herein. The phosphor may further contain gadolinium (Gd). In one embodiment of the present invention, the phosphor comprises a cerium-activated, yellow-green to yellow-emitting lutetium aluminate-based phosphor having the formula (Lu1-xAx)3Al5O12:Ce wherein A is at least one of Gd and Tb and 0.1?x?1.0, wherein the phosphor is configured to emit light having a peak emission wavelength ranging from about 550 nm to about 565 nm, and wherein the phosphor contains at least some Tb.

Abstract: This invention relates to a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for photocatalyticly oxidation desulphurization and method for preparation and application thereof. The catalyst is comprised of one type of metal MI, one type of metal oxide MIIOx and BiVO4 as the supporter, wherein the mass ratio of the sum of the two types of metal (MI+MII) to BiVO4 is from 1:5000 to 1:50; the mass ratio of the type of metal MI to the type of metal MII is from 1:50 to 50:1. The catalyst is used in the photocatalytic oxidation desulphurization. Under mild condition (room temperature, 1 atm), using O2 as the oxidant and xenon lamp (wavelength 420 nm<?<700 nm) as the light source, avoid the oil's absorption of light (mainly in the violet area which is below 420 nm), the desulphurization ratio of thiophene can be above 90%, meanwhile the oil won't be excited. The sulfur in thiophene can be oxidized to SO3 and absorbed by the absorbent after escaped from the reaction system.

Abstract: Improved catalyst supports, supported catalyst, and method of preparing and using the catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of a residuum hydrocarbon feedstock are disclosed. The catalyst supports comprise titania alumina having 5 wt % or less titania and have greater than 70% of their pore volume in pores having a diameter between 70 and 130 and less than 2% in pores having a diameter above 1000. Catalysts prepared from the supports contain Groups 6, 9 and 10 metals or metal compounds, and optionally phosphorus, supported on the titania alumina supports. Catalysts in accordance with the invention exhibit improved sulfur and MCR conversion in hydrotreating processes.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) compositions containing isomaltulose, methods for preparing the same and uses thereof. Specifically, the IMO compositions according to the present application containing isomaltulose, which is a sugar component not contained in currently available isomaltooligosaccharide products, have a quality of sweetness and degree of sweetness differentiated from the existing isomaltooligosaccharide products and thus can be used as sweeteners for more various applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: A method of and system for producing oil and valuable byproducts from grains, such as corn, in dry mills are disclosed. The method and system include dewater milling process after fermenting. Further, the method and system are able to produce oil without evaporating. Moreover, the method and system include one or more of the germ processing units, emulsion processing units, fiber processing units, high value protein producing units, and glycerol and inorganic salt producing units, such that high value byproducts are able to be generated.

Abstract: This invention is related to a functional inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite structured with boron. With the present invention, a nanosized material is obtained with enhanced UV and Visible region activity wherein metal-oxide nanoparticle combinations with boron compounds are used.