Abstract: The invention relates to plant-derived cellulose-containing particles useful as strengthening agents in water based systems and to a process for preparing cellulose-containing particles from plant material, which process involves treating said plant material with a peroxide reagent. The process can be controlled to produce cellulose-containing particle having a viscosity up to about 2500 cps.

Abstract: Ionic polymers (IP) are made of anions and a polymeric backbone containing cations. The ionic polymers are incorporated in membranes or attached to solid supports and use of the ionic polymers in processing of biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a UV- and visible-light photocatalytic titanium dioxide composite material. In particular, the disclosure relates to a 5 photocatalytic titanium oxide composite material for the decomposition of airborne pollutants.

Abstract: A piercer plug having good base-material deformation resistance is provided. A method of manufacturing a piercer plug (10) includes the steps of; preparing a plug body (1) including a tip portion (11) and a cylindrical portion (12) having a hole (121) usable to attach a bar and located rearward of the tip portion (11); forming a build-up layer (2) on the surface of the tip portion (11); and heating the plug body (1) such that the temperature of the tip portion (11) with the build-up layer (2) formed thereon is not lower than the austenite transformation temperature and the temperature of the cylindrical portion (12) is lower than the austenite transformation temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a low chloride paint detackifier composition. Also disclosed are methods of making the paint detackifier composition and methods of using the paint detackifier composition. The detakifier may be made from cationized starch and sodium aluminate. The starch can be wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, rice starch, sweet potato starch, sago starch, mung bean starch, arrowroot starch, and any combination thereof.

Abstract: A solid catalyst is provided. The solid catalyst includes a core particle composed of activated carbon, lignin or iron oxide, and a plurality of hydroxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups formed on the surface of the core particle. A method for preparing a sugar is also provided. The method includes mixing organic acid and the disclosed solid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolysis product.

Abstract: This invention describes the manufacture of partially cured binder compositions based upon modification of drying oils with at least one multi-functional co-vulcanizing agent. The partially cured binder compositions can be used to produce products such as cured solid layers. These layers can be used in flooring materials, coatings, printing inks, and paints. Methods of manufacturing the partially cured binder compositions and cured solid layers are described.

Abstract: A binder has at least one isocyanate and at least one biopolymer mixed with water. The biopolymer may be a biopolymer nanoparticle or cooked and chemically modified starch. Optionally, the binder may also include urea. The biopolymer and water are mixed, and the isocyanate is added to the mixture. The binder may have a viscosity that is suitable for being sprayed on a substrate to make a composite material, for example a viscosity of 700 cP or less or 500 cP or less at 40° C. The substrate may be wood, another lignocellulosic material, or synthetic or natural fibers. In particular examples, the binder is used to make no added formaldehyde wood composites including particle board and fiberboard. Alternatively, the binder may have a higher viscosity and be used to make plywood.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula (I): [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]+[NH2-L-COO]???(I) where L is —(CH2)2— or —(CH2)3—. The present invention also provides an ionic liquid composition containing an ionic liquid; and water. The ionic liquid is represented by the above chemical formula (I). A molar ratio of [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]+ to [NH2-L-COO]? is not less than 0.86 and not more than 1.12. A weight ratio of the water to the ionic liquid composition is not more than 4.7%. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose without an cellulose-degrading enzyme (namely, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose).

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and an insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound of the formula (1): XRa?Rb?Rc???(1) wherein each symbols are as defined in the description.

Abstract: A compostable biopolymer adhesive may include a starch, a hydroxylic liquid, a preservative mixture, a crystallization inhibitor, and a carbonate, wherein the compostable biopolymer may be free of synthetic materials yet has a long shelf life, is stable at room temperature, and which can be used to make slime for play.

Abstract: An improved surface material is particularly suited for non-turf baseball field applications such as the pitcher's mound and base paths. The material generally comprises clay, wax, alkane fluid and sand and has a putty-like consistency. Cleats can penetrate the material but are not likely to pull it out in clumps upon removal of the cleats. Method for forming the surface includes spraying emulsified wax and/or alkane fluid on a surface and mixing it with the surface material.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyanide including the steps of supplying a hydrocarbon and nitrogen source to an onsite plasma reactor and removing cyanide synthesised inside the onsite plasma reactor to thereby produce the cyanide is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method which includes a monitor for monitoring the cyanide requirement of an onsite cyanide utilising system and supplying the hydrocarbon and nitrogen source in accordance with the cyanide requirement. Additionally, a method for recovering, refining, purifying or treating a metal including the steps of monitoring a cyanide requirement of the method and supplying to the method in a just in time sequence a cyanide synthesised onsite to thereby recover, refine, purify or treat the metal is disclosed.

Abstract: Coating compositions, including high degree of substitution (DS), viscosity optimized starches, are disclosed for use in non-barrier paper coatings. Paper coated with the same is disclosed as well as methods of making the coating compositions and coated papers.

Abstract: A method of making a lithium alkylsiliconate composition comprising adding an alkylalkoxysilane to a first mixture comprising lithium hydroxide and water to form a second mixture comprising a lithium alkylsiliconate and an alcohol, wherein i) the mole ratio of lithium hydroxide to alkylalkoxysilane is from 0.9 to less than 1.1 and the water is from 89 to 93 mol %, or ii) the mole ratio of lithium hydroxide to alkylalkoxysilane is from 1.1 to 1.4 and the water is from greater than 93 to 99 mole %.

Abstract: A method of forming a self-cleaning film system includes depositing a photocatalytic material onto a substrate to form a first layer. The method also includes disposing a photoresist onto the first layer and then exposing the photoresist to light so that the photoresist has a developed portion and an undeveloped portion. The method includes removing the undeveloped portion so that the developed portion protrudes from the first layer. After removing, the method includes depositing a perfluorocarbon siloxane polymer onto the first layer to surround and contact the developed portion. After depositing the perfluorocarbon siloxane polymer, the method includes removing the developed portion to thereby form the self-cleaning film system.

Abstract: A miscible solvent system and method for making same having a composition between about 10 to about 90 weight percent PCBTF and between about 10 to about 90 weight percent fluorinated solvent. The miscible solvent system may be combined with boron nitride powder to create a bulk paint system. Further the miscible solvent system may be combined with a propellant to create an aerosol system. The miscible solvent system, bulk paint system, and aerosol system may be nonflammable or flammable and contain VOCs or be VOC free.

Abstract: A coating film to prevent a conspicuous fingerprint has a water contact angle of no less than 60° so that most of water contained in fingerprints on the coating film evaporates without forming a layer adsorbed on the coating film. Further, the coating film has lipophilicity and has a diiodomethane contact angle of no more than 45° so that the coating film exhibits enhanced affinity to fingerprints, which primarily contain oily components.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed preparation method of a visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst, and application thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing CC@SnS2 composite material in a solvent by using SnCl4.5H2O and C2H5NS as raw materials and carbon fiber cloth as a supporting material; calcining said CC@SnS2 composite material to obtain the visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst. The present invention overcomes defects of the traditional methods of treating chromium-containing wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and electrolysis, and the photocatalytic technology can make full use of solar light source or artificial light source without adding adsorbent or reducing agent. In this case, the use of semiconductor photocatalyst to convert hexavalent chromium in chromium wastewater into less toxic and easily precipitated trivalent chromium greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.