Abstract: A boron nitride, of amorphous structure, which can scratch diamond, is produced from hexagonal or turbostratic boron nitride as starting material. In the process for the production of the amorphous boron nitride, the starting material is subjected to pressures above 70 Kbar and temperatures of at least 1650.degree. C. for a period sufficient for the starting material to be completely melted, followed by quenching the resulting boron nitride melt and thereafter forming grains of amorphous boron nitride. The amorphous structure of the boron nitride is determined by X-ray and electron beam investigation.

Abstract: The process of concentrating a dilute sulfuric acid in a three-stage vacuum evaporation plant includes feeding an entry dilute sulfuric acid to a first evaporation stage of a vacuum evaporation plant to form an overhead vapor (6), withdrawing a finally concentrated sulfuric acid from the third evaporation stage (3), using steam or the overhead vapor (6) of the first evaporation stage as a heating fluid in the three-stage vacuum evaporation plant, maintaining the entry dilute sulfuric acid under a pressure of 0.4 to 0.7 bar and at a temperature of 80.degree. to 120.degree. C. in the first evaporation stage (1), maintaining the partially concentrated sulfuric acid under a pressure of 0.02 to 0.06 bar and at a temperature of 50.degree. to 90.degree. C. in the second evaporation stage (2), maintaining the further concentrated sulfuric acid under a pressure of 0.02 to 0.06 bar and at a temperature of 80.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of generating fullerenes by vaporizing carbon with the heat from an electrical arc and then condensing a soot from which fullerenes may be recovered.

Abstract: A noncircular cross-section carbon fiber wherein the cross-section is a noncircular one having at least one plane of symmetry passing the centroid and having an angle of rotational symmetry, .theta., defined by .theta.=360.degree./n, in which n is an integer of 1 to 10; wherein the internal structure has no lamellar structure and the fiber has a substantially uniform crystalline structure; and wherein the fiber surface has a surface smoothness S of 1.16 or below and the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the fiber in the form of a resin-impregnated strand is 300 kg/mm.sup.2 or above and 20 ton/mm.sup.2 or above, respectively; a process for producing such carbon fiber; and a composite of such carbon fiber with a resin.

Abstract: For producing finely disperse aluminum nitride by reacting hydroxides of aluminum with carbon in a molar ratio of (1:1.5) to (1:2.5), the hydroxides of aluminum are intensively ground together with carbon, in particular carbon black, using a non-aqueous grinding fluid. After the non-aqueous grinding fluid has been separated off from the suspension, the ground material obtained is calcined at 400.degree. to 1000.degree. C., while passing nitrogen through. The material obtained is then treated under intensive contact with nitrogen for 1 to 100 hours at 1400.degree. to 1700.degree. C., before the excess carbon contained in the reaction product is removed by heating to 500.degree. to 900.degree. C. in contact with oxygen-containing gases.The hydroxides of aluminum and the carbon can also be intensively ground separately from one another, using a non-aqueous grinding fluid, and the suspensions obtained can be mixed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel injector for the introduction of iron-containing vapor into a stream of heated oxidized gas wherein the injector has a least two passageways, one for the passage of the iron compound containing vapor and the other for the passage of an insulating gas.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a diamond film from a gas phase, in which a fuel gas is burnt by oxygen gas in a torch, to thereby provide a gas flame jet having a high temperature and high speed sufficient to form a high quality diamond film on a substrate, by an unlimited use of various kinds of combustible carbon compound gases as the fuel gas. A process and apparatus for producing a diamond film from a gas phase, in which a thermal spray material is fed to a combustion flame to thereby form an intermediate layer of a mixture of the thermal spray material and diamond between a substrate and a diamond film, to thereby provide a high purity diamond film having an improved adhesion to the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing coke, which comprises uniformly dispersing and mixing a carbonized product having an average aspect ratio of at least 1.5 to a starting material oil and then coking the mixture.

Abstract: A process for making metal oxides including niobium or tantalum oxides from ferro and nickel alloys containing these metals involving the multiple steps of hydriding the ferro or nickel alloy selected, under conditions of suitable temperature and pressure to render the alloys friable, subdividing the hydrided product into selected particle sizes, then nitriding with a nitrogen-containing gas at elevated temperatures above 500.degree. C. to form the alloy constituent nitrides, thereafter leaching the nitrides formed with aqueous acid to separate the formed ferro or nickel nitride from the acid soluble nitrides from the acid insoluble nitrides, calcining the acid insoluble nitrides with oxygen-containing gas under conditions suitable for the formation of the metal oxide of the acid soluble nitride.

Abstract: A method of forming synthetic diamond on a substrate is disclosed. The method involves providing a substrate surface covered with a fullerene or diamond coating, positioning a fullerene in an ionization source, creating a fullerene vapor, ionizing fullerene molecules, accelerating the fullerene ions to energies above 250 eV to form a fullerene ion beam, impinging the fullerene ion beam on the substrate surface and continuing these steps to obtain a diamond thickness on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing iron carbide fine particles having an average particle size (long axis) of 0.1 to 2 .mu.m and an average axial ratio of 3 to 20, which comprises,(a) optionally contacting an iron compound selected from the group consisting of iron oxyhydroxide fine particles and iron oxide fine particles with a reducing agent which does not contain carbon atom, the iron compound being, prior to the above contact, coated with iron compound or iron compound and cobalt compound, and with aluminum compound or silicon compound, and(b) contacting the iron compound of the above (a) with a reducing-and-carburizing agent containing carbon atom or a mixture thereof with a reducing agent which does not contain carbon atom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for toxicity comprehensive elimination of chrome residues, comprising adding water to chrome residues, wet-grinding the same to a thick liquid, letting it react with dilute hydrochloric acid, and letting the filtrate obtained react with an additive containing barium, with sulfuric acid or magnesium sulfate, and with cream of lime or soda, so as to realize a comprehensive extraction and utilization of various elements. The hydrochloric acids can be circulated, and the filter residues can be used for iron-smelting and brick-making. By means of this method, it is possible not only to completely and permanently eliminate the toxicity of the residues, but also to realize a comprehehsive utilization of the residue resources.

Abstract: In apparatuses for melting semiconductor material and growing single crystals of semiconductor material, the apparatus comprising:(a) a furnace,(b) a cylindrical double crucible assembly comprising an inner crucible in which single crystals of semiconductor material are grown at a vertical-concentric line thereof, the inner crucible having an upper part and a lower part, and an outer crucible in which melted semiconductor material is received, the outer crucible having the inner crucible disposed therein,(c) a susceptor for supporting the outer crucible,(d) rotating means for rotating the susceptor,(e) a feed pipe for supplying starting material in the space formed between the inner and the outer crucibles,(f) fluid-passage means for permitting the melted semiconductor material to flow between the inner and outer crucibles, the fluid-passage means being disposed at the lower part of the inner crucible, andwherein the inner crucible being set inside the outer crucible in a separable manner, the apparatus impro

Abstract: A process for preparing metal oxides from ferrometal and nickel metal alloys is disclosed comprising first providing a ferrometal or nickel metal alloy containing an oxide forming metal, hydriding the alloy to an effective temperature and pressure with hydrogen containing gas, subdividing then carbiding the hydrided product at a temperature above about 500.degree. C. to form carbides, then employing an aqueous acid leach to dissolve the iron or nickel carbide and separating the acid soluble from the acid insoluble carbides. The acid insoluble carbides are reacted with oxygen at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to form the metal oxides of said carbides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a sintered body of calcium carbonate without permitting thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate during sintering, and to the sintered body. A powder material primarily comprising calcium carbonate is subjected to a cold powder pressing process to prepare a green compact, which is then heated in a high-pressure gas atmosphere consisting essentially of an inert gas at a temperature t.degree. C. of900.ltoreq.t<1200and at a high gas pressure P kgf/cm.sup.

Abstract: An interrupting layer of inorganic powder other than diamond is formed on the surface of a substrate and a surface of the interrupting layer is contacted with excited raw material gases containing a carbon source, under conditions suited to depositing of diamond on the interrupting layer. The diamond which is synthesized is separated from the substrate. The use of the interrupting layer, composed of the inorganic fine powders, allows ready separation of the diamond from the substrate and the diamond separated is suitable for diaphragms for speakers, heat conductive plates, cutting tools, semiconductors, etc. by appropriately choosing shapes of the substrate. Further, the resulting diamond film can be pulverized, thereby yielding diamond powders which are useful for abrasive tools, cutting tools, etc.

Abstract: Gravitational phenomena, including convection, sedimentation, and interactions of materials with their containers all affect the crystal growth process. If they are not taken into consideration they can have adverse effects on the quantity and quality of crystals produced. As a practical matter, convection and sedimentation can be completely eliminated only under conditions of low gravity attained during orbital flight. There is, then, an advantage to effecting crystallization in space. But in the absence of of convection in a microgravity environment cooling proceeds by thermal diffusion from the walls to the center of the solution chamber. This renders control of nucleation difficult. Accordingly there is a need for a new and improved nucleation process in space. Herein crystals are nucleated by creating a small localized region of high relative supersaturation in a host solution at a lower degree of supersaturation.

Abstract: High thermal conductivity mesophase pitch based carbon fibers are made using a spinneret which has a sharply angled tapered region at the inlet to the spinneret capillary.

Abstract: A rheological fluid composition which is responsive to a magnetic field. The composition comprises magnetizable insulated, reduced carbonyl iron particles, a vehicle and a dispersant. The dispersant comprises fibrous carbon particles.

Abstract: A process for production of high surface area, sub-micron size, monotungsten carbide and mixtures of monotungsten carbide-titanium carbide by reacting a mixture of tungsten oxide (or APT), titanium oxide and carbon powders in a mixing reactor. When the temperature in the reactor reaches reaction temperature a vacuum is applied. The charge is kept under a high vacuum until the reaction is complete, and is agitated to enhance the release of carbon monoxide. The products typically contain in excess of 99% carbides, have a surface area greater than 4.2 m.sup.2 /g for mixture at monotungsten carbide and titanium carbide, and an average particle size between 0.2 and 0.5 microns.