Abstract: A method of producing small diameter titanium carbide whiskers is disclosed. The method comprises supplying a source of materials comprised of titanium halide, hydrocarbon gas and nickel and reacting this material in the presence of a source of carbon monoxide to produce small diameter titanium carbide whiskers.

Abstract: A process for preparing a carbon electrode comprising the steps of subjecting a hydrocarbon to pyrolysis in vapor phase to form a pyrolytic carbon having a specific half-width in X-ray diffractogram, subjecting the pyrolytic carbon to be in lithium vapor to obtain a lithium-intercalated pyrolytic carbon and forming the carbon electrode by utilizing the lithium-intercalated pyrolytic carbon as an electrode material.

Abstract: Described is the process for forming a hardenable mixture of a coal ash comprising free CaO and free CaSO.sub.4.0 H.sub.2 O.In order to remove all free CaO the coal ash is mixed with a fly-ash comprising essentially no free CaO and no free CaSO.sub.4.0 H.sub.2 O and water and subsequently subjected to a heat treatment.By removal of free CaO it is found that the strength of hardened granules formed from such ash mixture does not deteriorate as is the case from granules formed with a coal ash comprising free CaO.Also a process for forming hardened granules and a building component formed with use of a hardenable mixture according to the invention are described.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the partial oxidation of methane to produce a product including carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The process involves contacting a source of methane and a source of oxygen with a perovskite catalyst, such as LaCoO.sub.3.

Abstract: Electrically-conductive superparamagnetic liquid colloids and methods for making and using them are described. The magnetic liquid colloids contain magnetic particles coated with conductive, organio-metallic compund, which impart the magnetic and conductive characteristics to the fluid. The coated magnetic particles are dispersed in a carrier fluid that gives the fluid viscosity, flow and vapor pressure properties.

Abstract: Thin films of boron nitride are grown on single crystal silicon substrates using laser deposition techniques. The films are characterized by essentially a single crystal throughout and having a cubic structure which is in epitaxial registry with the underlying silicon substrate.

Abstract: Superior treadwear/hysteresis carbon blacks having a CTAB of about 90-98 m.sup.2 /g, a N.sub.2 SA of about 92-102 m.sup.2 /g, an I.sub.2 No. of 90-98 m.sup.2 /g, a DBP of about 126-136 cc/100 g, a CDBP of about 102-110 cc/100 g, and a Tint of about 104-112. Also disclosed are rubber compositions containing the carbon blacks which exhibit superior treadwear/hysteresis performance properties.

Abstract: An electroconductive magnetic fluid composition is disclosed comprising a low volatility organic solvent as a carrier, a surface active agent having an lipophilic group with a strong affinity for the solvent, fine ferromagnetic particles coated at the surface thereof with the surface active agent and dispersed in the organic solvent, and a tertiary amine and an organic acid as an electrifying agent. The electroconductive magnetic fluid composition of the present invention is produced, preferably, including the steps of admixing fine ferromagnetic particles, a low boiling point organic solvent an surface active agent and separating to remove any fine particles of poor dispersibility.

Abstract: A needle-like monoammine complex of zinc carbonate containing or not containing aluminum useful as a filler or a precursor of needle-like electroconductive zinc oxide, and a process for producing it which comprises steps of dissolving a zinc compound in a solution containing ammonium ion and carbonate ion in the presence or absence of aluminum compound and then lowering pH of the solution to precipitate zinc carbonate.

Abstract: An improved process for the recovery of high grade energy from a contact sulfuric acid manufacturing process. Improvements include: injection of steam between an intermediate catalyst stage and a heat recovery absorption tower and/or a heat exchanger for transfer of heat from conversion gas to high pressure boiler feed water; use of a condensing economizer for recovery of the vapor phase energy of formation of sulfuric acid from a wet conversion gas; and use of heat recovery system absorption acid for preheating air to a sulfur burner, the heat transferred to the combustion air being recovered at high pressure and temperature in a waste heat boiler.

Abstract: Shaped synthetic articles are fabricated by vapor deposition of synthetic diamond on releasable molds. A process is also provided for forming a shaped synthetic diamond article by coating a mold with an etchable layer and then depositing synthetic diamond on the etchable layer. The etchable layer is thereafter removed in an etchant bath, releasing the diamond article from the mold. The synthetic diamond articles are useful as high-temperature, corrosion resistant vessels and as wear surfaces.

Abstract: A method is described for the creation of novel q-effect cadmium sulfide membranes. The membranes are made by first creating a dilute cadmium sulfide colloid in aqueous suspension and then removing the water and excess salts therefrom. The cadmium sulfide membrane thus produced is luminescent at room temperature and may have application in laser fabrication.

Abstract: An improved process for manufacture of sulfuric acid by catalytic oxidation of wet sulfur dioxide gas. Wet conversion gas is contacted with sulfuric acid in a heat recovery stage to effect absorption and generate the heat of absorption. Wet gas having a mole ratio of sulfur trioxide to water vapor of at least 0.95 is introduced into the heat recovery stage at a temperature above the dew point of the gas. Sulfuric acid is introduced into the heat recovery absorption stage at a temperature of at least about 170.degree. C. and a concentration between about 98.5% and about 99.5%. The sulfuric acid stream as discharged from the absorption stage is at a temperature of at least about 190.degree. C. and has a concentration between about 99% and about 100%. The heat of absorption is recovered from the discharge absorption acid stream in useful form by transfer of heat to another fluid in a heat exchanger, the another fluid being heated to a temperature of at least about 140.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process for treating spent alkylation acid to recover a sulfuric acid product suitable for use in wet process phosphoric plants particularly those which recover uranium as a byproduct. The process utilizes heat and agitation to polymerize the liquid, soluble organic impurities normally contained in spent alkylation acid to insoluble, carbonaceous solids. The carbonaceous solids formed are relatively inert in acidic environments, easy to handle and have valuable cation exchange and impurity scavenging properties.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of residual carbonate on alkali metal bicarbonates which comprises:(a) feeding a dry bicarbonate into a reaction zone,(b) admixing the bicarbonate with carbon dioxide gas saturated with water vapor at a temperature T.sub.1,(c) controlling the temperature T.sub.1 so that it exceeds temperature T.sub.2 of the carbon dioxide gas exiting the reaction zone by just enough to condense a controlled amount of water vapor sufficient to accomplish the reaction,(d) and reacting the bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and condensed water vapor, for a sufficient time to produce dry cured bicarbonate product with less carbonate content.

Abstract: A superhard carbon composition, having a crystal structure cell consisting of (i) a unit cell of six carbon atoms with crystallographic hexagonal symmetry, (ii) all carbon atoms in flat three-fold coordinated configurations (sp.sup.2 bonding), and (iii) carbon atoms in layers of chains which zig-zag in a direction normal to the layers with each layer being rotated 60.degree. with respect to its adjacent layer. The composition has a density of about 3.2 g/cm.sup.3, a bulk modulus and a hardness exceeding diamond (bulk modulus is 6.9 Mbar), and a bonding length of 1.45-1.47 angstroms.

Abstract: Magnetizable composite particles, optionally in aqueous dispersion, consisting of a matrix based on a crosslinked organopolysiloxane, optionally bearing nonvinyl reactive and/or ionic units and magnetizable components less than 300 angstroms in diameter encapsulated in the matrix. The magnetizable composite particles are prepared by homogenizing a solution of the organopolysiloxane, an organohydrogenopolysiloxane optionally bearing ionic and/or reactive units, and a magnetic fluid, in the presence of water and a surfactant, performing a hydrosilylation in an aqueous emulsion, removing the organic solvents and the organic carrier liquid, and at least partially removing the water. The magnetizable composite particles are useful in biological applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing wurtzitic or cubic boron nitride comprising the steps of:[A] preparing an intimate mixture of powdered boron oxide, a powdered metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium or aluminum, and a powdered metal azide;[B] igniting the mixture and bringing it to a temperature at which self-sustaining combustion occurs;[C] shocking the mixture at the end of the combustion thereof with a high pressure wave, thereby forming as a reaction product, wurtzitic or cubic boron nitride and occluded metal oxide; and, optionally[D] removing the occluded metal oxide from the reaction product.Also disclosed are reaction products made by the process described.

Abstract: A process for economically producing tabular acicular gypsum crystals in a continuously stirred reactor is disclosed. The process involves establishing a steady state atmospheric pressure reaction zone of about 20% to about 25% by weight solids of gypsum crystals in water at a temperature of about 50.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C. with continuous mild agitation. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is fed to the reaction zone at a rate to maintain a low level of supersaturation, and a suspension of gypsum crystals in water containing crystals of a mean particle length at least greater than 45 microns is withdrawn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing a material usable as a suitable civil engineering and construction material by treating a combustion ash formed by the combustion of a fluidized bed comprising a coal as the fuel and limestone as a desulfurizing agent. In this process, quick lime contained therein is sufficiently slaked at first by addition of water and heat thus generated is released to prevent disintegration of the product, and then the product is subjected to atmospheric pressure steam treatment to obtain a product of high strength in a short time.