Abstract: A scale includes a substrate, a metal layer of Ni formed on one principal surface of the substrate, and a scale grating formed on the metal layer. A plurality of gratings of Cr are disposed at a predetermined interval in the scale grating.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a dispersive-collimating element, a Faraday material apparatus and a focusing-dispersive element. The dispersive-collimating element assigns each beam wavelength to a particular spatial position. The beams are parallel one to the other. The Faraday material apparatus provides a polarization rotation independently for each wavelength, and the focusing-dispersive element recombines the different wavelengths into one single beam.

Abstract: A cover glass sheet configured to cover a display element including a first textured surface having a surface roughness defined by a first arithmetic amplitude value, Ra1, and a first spacing value, Rsm1. Both values are measured on an evaluation length of 12 mm with a Gaussian filter wherein the cut-off wavelength is 0.8 mm. A first transmission haze value, Haze1, is equal to or lower than 10%. A first clarity value, Clarity1, and a second textured surface comprise a second transmission haze value, Haze2. The second transmission haze value, Haze2, of the second textured surface is equal to or lower than a maximum haze value, HazeMax (Haze2?HazeMax), wherein HazeMax=4.99?8.13 10?1(Haze1)+4.67 10?2(Clarity1) %.

Abstract: A camera optical lens is provided. The camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 2.00?f1/f?4.50; and 3.00?d9/d10?12.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, d9 denotes an on-axis thickness of the fifth lens, and d10 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the fifth lens to an object side surface of the sixth lens. The camera optical lens according to the present disclosure has good optical performance while meeting design requirements for large aperture, wide angle and ultra-thinning.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided and includes a fixed assembly, a movable assembly, a driving assembly and a circuit assembly. The movable assembly is configured to connect an optical element, the movable assembly is movable relative to the fixed assembly, and the optical element has an optical axis. The driving assembly is configured to drive the movable assembly to move relative to the fixed assembly. The circuit assembly includes a plurality of circuits and is affixed to the fixed assembly.

Abstract: An intelligent focusing method of an intelligent moving head light based on machine vision includes the following steps: prestoring coordinate positions Z21 and Z22 of the focusing assembly corresponding to stage light projection distances Smax and Smin respectively, moving the focusing assembly to a position between Z21 and Z22 after the controller receives a command to start an automatic focusing function; gradually moving the focusing assembly between Z21 and Z22 by a focusing search strategy, calculating a sharpness evaluation value Tn of a current projected image according to an image sharpness evaluation function, and determining whether Tn is greater than a preset high sharpness threshold TH if yes, completing the focusing, otherwise determining whether Tn is less than or equal to Tn-1, if yes, driving the stepper motor by the driver to operate in an opposite direction, otherwise driving the stepper motor by the driver to operate in an original direction, until Tn is greater than TH.

Abstract: A logic circuit comprises a logic sub-circuit arranged to output a stream, S1, of Fresnel lens values, F(x), of a Fresnel lens for display on [m×n] pixels of a pixelated display device, and an iterative method outputs a stream, S1, of Fresnel lens values, F(x), of a Fresnel lens for display on [m×n] pixels of a pixelated display device. The circuit and method can reduce the number of multiplications used to provide each value of a stream of display values for the display device, wherein the display values include values of a Fresnel lens function. Accordingly, they can be implemented in an advanced integrated circuit, such as a field-programmable gate array.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, wherein the optical imaging system satisfies 0.5<L12345TRavg/L7TR<0.9, where L12345TRavg is an average value of overall outer diameters of the first to fifth lenses, L7TR is an overall outer diameter of the seventh lens, and L12345TRavg and L7TR are expressed in a same unit of measurement.

Abstract: An optical system (10) for use in an underwater environment is proposed, wherein the optical system (10) comprises a housing which delimits an interior (60) of the optical system (10) with respect to the surroundings (50) in water-tight fashion, and a lens (20) with an outer surface (24), wherein the housing comprises a mount (40), wherein the lens (20) is received in the mount (40) in such a way that the outer surface (24) of the lens (20) is in fluid contact with water of the underwater environment when the optical system (10) is situated in the underwater environment, wherein the outer surface (24) of the lens (20) has an arched form, in particular a convex form, preferably a spherical convex form, wherein the lens (20) has a first arched contact face (28), in particular a spherical contact face, and the mount (40) has a second contact face (48), wherein the lens (20) is arranged in the mount (40) in such a way that the first contact face (28) presses against the second contact face (48) when the pressure

Abstract: Each semiconductor device includes a semiconductor laser unit and an optical modulator unit. Each transmission line is configured to transmit a drive signal to the optical modulator unit. Each resistor is provided for the transmission line and configured to terminate the drive signal. Each first conductive pattern is connected to one electrode of the semiconductor laser unit and one electrode of the optical modulator unit. Each chip capacitor has one electrode connected to another electrode of the semiconductor laser unit through a bonding wire. Each chip capacitor has another electrode connected to the first conductive pattern that is connected to the semiconductor laser unit. Each second conductive pattern is connected to the resistor, directly or through a DC blocking capacitor. Each third conductive pattern is connected to each of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern through a conductive via hole in the chip carrier.

Abstract: A picometer optical comb and a device and a method for generating the same, wherein the picometer optical comb is a special grating with continuously variable widths of adjacent grating lines, wherein the width of each grating line is different from that of the adjacent grating line by a fixed difference in the magnitude of picometer to nanometer. The picometer optical comb provides a reference for picometer measurement. The picometer optical comb can generate a diffraction optical field distribution different from that of a traditional grating, which brings a new diffraction effect, achieves new diffraction optical functions, and provides tools such as picometer photolithography, picometer measurement, picometer imaging and the like. The picometer optical comb plays an important role in the fields of semiconductor photolithography, life science, interaction of light and substances in picometer scale.

Abstract: A system including an optical path length extender (OPLE) having two light paths having different path lengths, such that light entering the OPLE with a first polarization is directed through a first light path, and light entering the OPLE with a second polarization is directed through a second light path through the OPLE. The OPLE includes a first polarization sensitive reflective element at a first angle to the light entering the OPLE and a second angled polarization sensitive reflective element at a second angle to the light entering the OPLE, the second angled polarization sensitive reflective element intersecting the first polarization sensitive reflective element.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first optical element including a first reflective area having a convex shape toward a magnification side, a second optical element including a second reflective area having a convex shape toward the magnification side, and a light shielding member disposed between the first optical element and the second optical element. Light from the magnification side travels to a reduction side through the second reflective area, the first reflective area, and a refractive area of the second optical element in order. The light shielding member is disposed between light entering the second reflective area and light entering the first reflective area in a first cross-section including an optical axis.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens includes a first lens element, a second lens, a third lens element and a fourth lens element from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis. An optical axis region of the object-side surface of the first lens element is convex, and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave. The lens elements included by the optical imaging lens are only the four lens elements described above. Tavg is an average of four thicknesses from the first lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis, an Abbe number of the first lens element is ?1, and an Abbe number of the second lens element is ?2 so that the optical imaging lens satisfies: Tavg?300 ?m, and |?1??2|?30.000.

Abstract: An optical device, such as an eyepiece, including multiple layers of waveguides. The optical device can include an edge sealant for reducing light contamination, a lamination dam to restrict the wicking of the edge sealant between layers of the optical device, and venting gap(s) in the sealant and dam to allow air flow between the exterior and interior of the eyepiece. The gap(s) allow outgassing from the interior of the eyepiece of unreacted polymer and/or accumulated moisture, to prevent defect accumulation caused by chemical reaction of outgassed chemicals with the (e.g., ionic, acidic, etc.) surface of the eyepiece layers. The gap(s) also prevent pressure differences which may physically deform the eyepiece over time.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate having a pattern of surface features on a surface thereof, and a layer including a material having an Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) condition for a wavelength range. The layer extends on the surface of the substrate and along the pattern of surface features. Related devices and fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: Vehicle mountable holographic promoting system and method of use; system includes a body with light, mount, and controller in communication with a software application and the body. The body is mountable to the vehicle using mount. Mount can be removably attachable or otherwise secured to the roof of the vehicle. The controller controls the body such that the body can visually promote via an image display an item using the light-display region appearing to float on a plane above vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for generating an abrupt autofocusing beam, comprising a light source module, a metasurface phase modulating element, and a focus lens, wherein the light source module generates an incident light beam, the metasurface modulating element has a first optical receiving surface for receiving the incident light beam, and an optical emitting surface having a plurality of dielectric nano-structures formed thereon for modulating the incident light beam into a diffracted light beam wherein the plurality of nano-structures respectively corresponding to optical-phase mask patterns, and the focus lens is arranged at a side of the optical receiving surface for performing optical Fourier transform of the diffracted light beam obtained from the metasurface phase modulating element.

Abstract: An optical system including a first optical element having a curved first major surface and an optical stack bonded and conforming to the curved first major surface of the first optical element is described. The optical stack includes a reflective polarizer substantially transmitting light having a first polarization state and substantially reflecting light having an orthogonal second polarization state and a non-adhesive flexible optical layer bonded to the reflective polarizer and comprising substantially parallel opposing first and second major surfaces. At least one location on the non-adhesive flexible optical layer has an optical retardance of less than about 100 nm or greater than about 200 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: A method of moderating chromaticity of ambient light in an environment reflected back into the environment by a component comprised in a lens of glasses through which a user of views the environment, the method comprising: determining a first set of tristimulus values that characterizes ambient light reflected by the component surface as a function of angle of reflection ? in a bounded span of angles of reflection; determining a second set of tristimulus values for angles in the bounded span of angles so that light characterized by the second set of tristimulus values combined with light reflected by the component would be perceived substantially as white light; and providing an optical coating that reflects ambient light from the environment so that the reflected light is substantially characterized by the second set of tristimulus values.