Abstract: This invention disclosed a new ferrofluid and the use of ferrofluids in magnetically controllable couplings such as electromagnetic clutches and brakes. The new ferrofluid is comprised of a stable suspension of magnetizable particles having a size of at least one micron, a fluid carrier and a complexing agent. The complexing agent maintains the magnetizable particles in suspension within the carrier fluid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cyclic control of both potential and current in electrolysis, called Cyclic, Controlled-potential, controlled current Electrolysis. The method can be used with a two-electrode cell (W and C), or a three-electrode set-up using a reference electrode R to form two half cells. The method involves supplying a controlled current, preferably a constant current, to the W and C electrodes to operate the electrolysis within well-defined upper and lower potential limits. In a first embodiment (called the constant-current, preset-voltage mode), when a predetermined voltage is reached, the current is reversed until a second predetermined voltage is reached. The cycle is then repeated continously. In a second embodiment (called the preset-voltage, preset-time mode) the current is maintained constant until the predetermined voltage is reached. Then the voltage is maintained constant by reducing the current until a predetermined time of operation has elapsed.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium conventionally utilizes the in-plane magnetization mode, but recently the perpendicular magnetization mode utilizing the perpendicular anisotropy of an hcp cobalt alloy layer, in which the C axis is oriented perpendicular to the layer surface, has been proposed. The known perpendicular magnetic recording medium is produced by means of RF sputtering and comprises a Permalloy layer, as layer of a low coercive-force material, between the nonmagnetic base and the hcp cobalt alloy layer. The perpendicular anisotropy attained by the present invention in very excellent and is superior to that of a perpendicular recording medium having no Permalloy layer because a Co-Ta alloy is used as the layer of a low coercive-force material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating high-quality optical waveguides in optical quality oxide crystals by ion implantation doping and controlled epitaxial recrystallization is provided. Masked LiNbO.sub.3 crystals are implanted with high concentrations of Ti dopant at ion energies of about 350 keV while maintaining the crystal near liquid nitrogen temperature. Ion implantation doping produces an amorphous, Ti-rich nonequilibrium phase in the implanted region. Subsequent thermal annealing in a water-saturated oxygen atmosphere at up to 1000.degree. C. produces solid-phase epitaxial regrowth onto the crystalline substrate. A high-quality single crystalline layer results which incorporates the Ti into the crystal structure at much higher concentrations than is possible by standard diffusion techniques, and this implanted region has excellent optical waveguides properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a potential-causing membrane for use in unosensors, which comprises an electrically-conductive film being prepared by electrolytic polymerization of an electrolytic polymerizable monomer, having at least one functional group, such as NH.sub.2 group and COOH group, capable of binding an antigen or an antibody, and binding an antigen or an antibody through the functional group onto the film. Examples of the monomer include 3-bromopyrrole, 3,4-dichlorothiophene, 3-bromofuran, 0-chlorophenol and m-bromo-aniline.

Abstract: A turbocompressor system and a method for controlling the same are disclosed in which an appropriate amount of air can be supplied from a compressor to a load section in accordance with varying requirements of the load section, and in which the pressure of air delivered from the compressor can be maintained constant at all times irrespective of operating conditions of the system such as load-varying transitional operation or steady-state operation. A turbine for driving the compressor is driven to run by exhaust gas discharged from the load section, and the output power of the turbine is controlled to be constant in various ways in a feedback manner.

Abstract: A terminal pin seal for an hermetic terminal assembly including at least two laminations one of which has the inner surface adjacent the assembly structure with electrochemical properties resistant to attack from chemical ingredients within the assembly and another of which laminations has the outer surface adjacent to ambient with electrochemical properties different from that lamination facing the assembly housing to produce a greater resistance to chemical attack from ambient.

Abstract: A membrane particularly for use in a sensor of the enzyme-electrode type which comprises one or more layers of material and an enzyme-containing layer and in which one layer is formed from a sulphonated or unsulphonated polyarylsulphone or a sulphonated or unsulphonated polyarylketone. The specification also relates to a non-enzymic sensor having a membrane including a layer formed from one of these polymers. Methods for determining an analyte using an enzymic or non-enzymic sensors are also included in the scope of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of functionalized derivatives from iodopolyfluoroalkanes by electrochemical reduction. This reduction is carried out in a formamide or substituted formamide solvent which may contain up to 70% (by volume) water, on a carbon cathode; for certain embodiments sulfur dioxide may also be present. This method of preparing perfluoroalkanecarboxylic acids R.sub.F COOH or perfluoroalkanesulphinic acids, R.sub.F SO.sub.2 H and alcohols of the R.sub.F C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH type, also makes it possible to prepare new fluorinated compounds of formulae: I--(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COOH and HO.sub.2 S--(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COOH, in which p is an even-numbered integer which may range from 4 to 12.

Abstract: A process for depositing metal in the form of an interlayer within a solid matrix. The process is characterized in the use of electroactive transfer agents to carry electrons from the cathode to the desired locus within the matrix where the metal cation (M.sup.n+) is reduced to its zero-valent state. Also disclosed are composites of metallic-interlayer-containing matrices.

Abstract: Cathodic protection of vehicle bodies provides a capacitive charge on an anode which is attached to a painted surface. Moisture in contact with the painted surface spreads the charge. A minute current is established at holidays, protecting damp metal surfaces from corrosion. Two levels of protection are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor which comprises a first electrode comprising a valve action metal plate one surface of which is covered by an anodic oxidation film, a second electrode which faces the surface of the first electrode having the anodic oxidation film and a layer of a solid electrolyte which is placed between the first and second electrodes and comprises a salt of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane with a cation of quinoline or isoquinoline the nitrogen atom of which is quarternarized with fluorinated alkyl groups, which has improved reliability at high temperature and increased capacitance, and decreases the formation of poisonous gas during pyrolysis.

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering cathode with a target plate of the material to be sputtered connected to a support body of non-magnetic material, having a chamber disposed between the support body and the target plate, with a coolant flowing through said chamber, said chamber being formed by a recess in said support body, with said recess being tightly covered by said target plate; and having a permanent magnet system disposed beneath the target plate, wherein the target plate (10) abuts the front side of a plate-shaped support body (13) and the likewise plate-shaped permanent magnet system (12) abuts the back side thereof, and the permanent magnet system (12) has a plurality of continuous, meshing magnetic pole tongues (17, 19) of opposing polarity and arranged in spaced relationship to each other, with said tongues being coupled together via a magnet bridge (20) and producing a magnetic field of meandering shape extending substantially solidly over the entire surface of the target plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the electrosynthesis of carboxylic acids of general formula R-COOH in which R is an organic radical by the electrochemical reduction, in the presence of carbon dioxide, of organic compounds corresponding to the general formula R--Y in which R is the above-mentioned organic radical and Y is a hetero atom-containing radical, the hetero atom of the radical Y, chosen from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur andphosphorus, being directly linked to a carbon atom of the radical R by a single covalent linkage. When the hetero atom is nitrogen or phosphorus, the radical Y is an ammonium or phosphonium radical respectively.The anode, which is consumed during the electrosynthesis, is made of a metal chosen from the group consisting of reducing metals and their alloys, preferably made of magnesium, aluminium or zinc.This process without catalyst is very simple to perform and enables a cell with a single compartment to be employed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projected beam switchable data storage device having a state changeable memory material. The memory material is a multi-phase system having substantially continuous, dielectric, ceramic phase and discrete cells of a state switchable phase.

Abstract: A film of polypyrrole doped with a transition metal complex anion having a higher oxidation number of a redox couple consisting of transition metal complex anions and a method of producing the polypyrrole film by electrochemical polymerization are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for decomposing aromatic hydrocarbons, such as furans, dioxins and PCBs, uses a glow discharge device as an electrochemical reactor. A gas, containing an aromatic hydrocarbon, is supplied at approximately atmospheric pressure to the glow discharge device which includes a pair of electrodes separated by a gap. The gas flows through the gap between the electrodes, one of which is preferably a planar electrode and the other of which is preferably a plurality of pins arranged perpendicular to the planar electrode. The electrodes are connected to a direct current power source via a ballast. The electrical potential across the electrodes is adjusted in conjunction with the flow rate to provide sufficient energy to break the benzene rings in the aromatic hydrocarbon, while preventing arcing across the electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a carbonaceous composite product produced by joining carbonaceous materials together by melt-adhesion of a tetrafluoroethylene resin or a tetrafluoroethylene resin mixed with a highly electroconductive carbon black interposed between the carbonaceous materials, a composite electrode substrate for a fuel cell comprising the carbonaceous composite product and the process for producing the same.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electrochemical cell having a metal bromine couple. The cell includes an electrode structure on which to deposit the metal of the couple and a counterelectrode at which to generate bromine. A microporous membrane separates the electrode and counterelectrode. Importantly, the aqueous electrolyte comprises an aqueous metal bromide solution containing a water soluble bromine complexing agent capable of forming a water immiscible complex with bromine and an additive capable of decreasing the wettability of the microporous separators employed in such cells by such water immiscible bromine complexes.

Abstract: A sputtering target suitable for use in preparing a magneto-optic recording medium having the composition:[(LR).sub.x (HR).sub.1-x ].sub.y (Fe.sub.w A.sub.1-w).phi.-y-zM.sub.zwherein HR is at least one heavy rare earth element selected from the group consisting of gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) and dysprosium (Dy); LR is at least one light rare earth element selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm); M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu); A is at least one transition metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni); x is between about 0.05 and 0.60; w is between about 0.5 and 1.0; y is between about 10 and 50; and z is between about 0 and 15 is provided. A method of casting the sputtering target so as to form a target having an oxygen impurity content of less than about 500 ppm is also provided.