Abstract: A sensor includes a semiconductor substrate, a detector disposed above the semiconductor substrate and configured to output a signal in accordance with a physical quantity, an electrostatic discharge protection circuit including a metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor, and a dummy pattern formed above the semiconductor substrate and formed of a same material as a material of a gate electrode, the gate electrode being included in the electrostatic discharge protection circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic detection element includes an element part and a metal film. The element part is arranged on a surface of a substrate, and has linear portions arranged in parallel with each other and connecting portions connecting the linear portions in a meandering shape. The metal film has a first layered portion stacked on a turn portion of the element part defined by the connecting portion and a connection between the connecting portion and the linear portion, and a second layered portion formed integrally with the first layered portion to entirely cover a region of the surface surrounded by an internal end of the turn portion. The first layered portion has a peripheral side disposed between the internal end and an external end of the turn portion so as to expose an outer periphery of the turn portion.

Abstract: A magnetometer can include a single, integrated, unitary structure that has a gas cell defining a cavity having a vapor or vaporizable material disposed therein, a collimating element coupled to the gas cell and configured for collimating light directed toward the gas cell, and a lens element coupled the gas cell and configured for redirecting at least a portion of light that has passed through the gas cell. Additionally or alternatively, a gas cell of a magnetometer may be made of sapphire.

Abstract: A system is disclosed, comprising a base and at least a first moveable entity, the first moveable entity being moveable with respect to the base and positionable in at least a first position with respect to the base. The base comprises a first base electrode and a second base electrode, and the moveable entity comprises a first moveable entity electrode and a second moveable entity electrode. The electrodes are arranged such that when the moveable entity is in the first position the first base electrode and the first moveable entity electrode align to form a first capacitor and the second base electrode and second moveable entity electrode align to form a second capacitor.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a battery system of a transportation vehicle having a primary monitoring device for providing control functions and/or supervisory functions for the battery system and a connecting arrangement for the exchange of control signals and/or supervisory signals with the primary monitoring device, wherein the connecting arrangement is electrically connected to the primary monitoring device and wherein a secondary monitoring device for providing a reduced range of the control functions and/or supervisory functions is electrically connected to the connecting arrangement.

Abstract: A method for locating an object hidden beneath a surface using a locating device is disclosed. At least one coupling signal dependent on the object is received by a receiving means of the locating device. Once the locating device has been placed on the surface, a first value Ci of the coupling signal is detected and the first value Ci is defined as value CBG for a background subtraction. In particular, whilst the locating device and the surface are moved relative to one another, at least one further value C of the coupling signal is detected and the value CBG for the background subtraction is re-calibrated by the at least one further value C if the at least one further value C is lower than the value CBG for the background subtraction. The re-calibration is suspended if a valid value CBG is identified for the background subtraction.

Abstract: A resolver system includes a rotatable primary winding, a secondary winding fixed relative to the primary winding, and an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the secondary winding. A control module is operatively connected to analog-to-digital converter and is responsive to instructions to apply an excitation voltage with an oscillating waveform to the primary winding, induce a secondary voltage using the secondary winding using the excitation voltage, and acquire a plurality of voltage measurements from the secondary winding separated by a time interval corresponding to ?/3 of the excitation voltage oscillating waveform.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a display area and a peripheral area. The display device includes a circuit having a comparator, and first and second sense wires disposed in the peripheral area and connected to the circuit. The comparator compares a first output signal output from the first sense wire and a second output signal output from the second sense wire to generate a comparison result. The circuit determines whether a defect is present in the display device based on the comparison result.

Abstract: Provided is an integrated circuit and a test method for an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes at least one first branch and at least one second branch. The first branch includes at least one first capacitor. The first end of the first branch is electrically connected to the first end of the second branch, and the second end of the first branch is not connected to the second end of the second branch, to conduct a low-frequency test. The low-frequency test includes application of a low-frequency test signal between the first end of the first branch and the second end of the first branch to test the first branch.

Abstract: The described embodiments relate to a method for analyzing a sample volume including magnetic particles. The method may include applying an electric excitation signal to a measuring coil so as to generate a magnetic field acting on the sample volume using the measuring coil. Furthermore, the method may include sensing an electric measurement signal dependent on the inductance of the measuring coil and analyzing magnetic permeability of the sample volume using the measurement signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring DC voltage of an insulated conductor (e.g., insulated wire) are provided, without requiring a galvanic connection between the conductor and a test electrode or probe. A non-contact DC voltage measurement device may include a conductive sensor that is mechanically oscillated. The device may also include a conductive internal ground guard that is galvanically isolated from the conductive sensor, and a conductive reference shield that is galvanically insulated from the internal ground guard. The device may further include a common mode reference voltage source that generates an alternating current (AC) reference voltage, and a sensor signal measurement subsystem electrically coupled to the conductive sensor. Control circuitry may receive a sensor current signal from the sensor signal measurement subsystem, and determine the DC voltage in the insulated conductor based at least in part on the received sensor current signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing a relay driving circuit includes a sensing unit configured to measure a first measured voltage, a second measured voltage and a third measured voltage respectively applied to one end of the first switch, one end of the second switch and one end of the third switch; and a processor operably coupled to the sensing unit. The processor controls operation states of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch and diagnoses whether the relay driving circuit has a fault based on at least one of the first measured voltage, the second measured voltage and the third measured voltage measured by the sensing unit in a state where a diagnosing circuit is formed by controlling the operation states.

Abstract: Methods for maintaining gap spacing between an optical probe of a probe system and an optical device of a device under test and probe systems that perform the methods. The methods include determining a desired relative orientation between the optical probe and the DUT and optically testing the optical device with the optical probe. The methods also include maintaining the desired relative orientation during the optically testing. The maintaining includes repeatedly and sequentially collecting an existing DUT image of a DUT reference structure of the DUT and an existing probe image of a probe reference structure of the optical probe, determining a probe-DUT offset between an existing relative orientation between the optical probe and the DUT and the desired relative orientation, and adjusting the relative orientation to return the optical probe and the DUT to the desired relative orientation.

Abstract: A system configured to detect failure of a hose includes a sensor assembly having a body with a first arm and a second arm pivotally coupled to one another at respective first ends, and the body is configured to move between a closed position and an open position. The sensor assembly also includes a first electrical contact positioned at a respective second end of the first arm and a second electrical contact position at a respective second end of the second arm. The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are configured to contact one another to form a complete electrical circuit when the body is in the closed position and are configured to be separated from one another to form an open electrical circuit when the body is in the open position to facilitate detection of the failure of the hose.

Abstract: A photocurrent scanning system comprises a laser generating device, a focusing device, a displacement adjustment device, a bias supply device, and a measuring device. The laser generating device is used to emit a laser. The focusing device is used to focus the laser to a surface of a sample. The displacement adjustment device is used to place the sample and adjust a position of the sample, to make the laser focused onto different parts of the surface of the sample. The bias supply device is used to supply a voltage to the sample. The measuring device is used to measure a photocurrent signal flowing through the sample.

Abstract: In a general aspect, vapor cells are disclosed that include a dielectric body having a first surface and a second surface. The dielectric body includes a plurality of cavities extending from the first surface to the second surface and ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. Each cavity has a first opening defined by the first surface and a second opening defined by the second surface. The photonic crystal structure has a photonic band gap. The vapor cells additionally include a first optical window covering the first openings and having a surface bonded to the first surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the first openings. A second optical window covers the second openings and has a surface bonded to the second surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the second openings.

Abstract: An angle detection device including: an angle sensor AGSE outputting first and second sine wave signals SINWS1, SINWS2 having phases that are different from each other by 90 degrees in accordance with rotation of a detection target; an angle calculator calculating an angle signal corresponding to a rotation angle of the detection target based on SINWS1 and SINWS2; and an angle sensor AGSE abnormality determiner ASAD determining an abnormality of AGSE based on SINWS1 and SINWS2. The ASAD includes: an amplitude signal calculator calculating an amplitude signal MALS based on a square root of a sum of squares of SINWS1 and SINWS2; a first angle signal ANGS1 calculation processor calculating ANGS1 based on SINWS1 and MALS; a second angle signal ANGS2 calculation processor calculating ANGS2 based on SINWS2 and MALS; and an abnormality determination processor determining the abnormality of AGSE based on an error between ANGS1 and ANGS2.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing biological samples, such as dried human blood serum, to determine a disease state such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Using dried samples may hold potential for enhancing localized concentration and/or segmentation of sample components. The method may comprise illuminating at least one location of a biological sample to generate a plurality of interacted photons, collecting the interacted photons and generating at least one Raman data set representative of the biological sample. A system may comprise an illumination source to illuminate at least one location of a biological sample and generate at least one plurality of interacted photons, at least one mirror for directing the interacted photons to a detector. The detector may be configured to generate at least one Raman data set representative of the biological sample. The system and method may utilize a FAST device for multipoint analysis or may be configured to analyze a sample using a line scanning configuration.

Abstract: A defect sensing apparatus is configured to identify defects or targets in materials. A further aspect of the defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip. The defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator located on a reference side of the microstrip and a first sensing split-ring resonator located on a sensing side of the microstrip.

Abstract: A time-resolved microwave reflectance apparatus comprises a pulsed or modulated optical source that irradiates a semiconductor sample with an excitation pump beam, a microwave oscillator that irradiates the sample with a continuous beam of microwaves, and a microwave detector that detects the microwaves reflected by the sample. Therefore, charge detection, rather than conventional absorption measurements (that detect the loss of photons), can be used to extract the absorption coefficient and band edge of a semiconductor material.