Abstract: A method includes: coupling a first end of a first conductive trace to a free electron source; scanning exposed surfaces of the first and a second conductive traces with an electron beam, the first conductive trace and a second conductive trace being alternately arranged and spaced apart; obtaining an image of the first conductive trace and the second conductive trace while performing the scanning; and determining a routing characteristic of the first conductive trace and the second conductive trace based on the image.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for a high-voltage test system has an electronic power converter unit for generating an excitation AC voltage. The AC voltage has an adjustable fundamental frequency and a frequency spectrum. The amplitudes in the frequency spectrum within a given frequency range are lower than a predefinable amplitude limit.

Abstract: A freestanding coating membrane is fabricated and is tested for ionic transport. An adhesive liner is situated on a flat surface, paint is poured on the liner, a leveling blade is used to impart a uniform thickness to the uncured paint, the paint when completely cured is peeled from the liner, and the thickness of the resultant freestanding membrane is measured. Saline water is placed in an open-ended reservoir in communication with an assembly holding the freestanding membrane and containing deionized water. A pump causes water to circulate through the assembly via a conduit, which is connected at both ends to the assembly. The electrical conductivity of the circulating water is monitored for an appropriate duration for indication of salt concentration. The conductivity is initially low because the circulating water is originally deionized, and gradually increases commensurately with the amount of salt (e.g., chloride) ions passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A test circuitry and a method for testing the same and a test system are provided. The test circuitry includes: a test signal input end, configured to input an initial test signal; a signal output end, configured to output a target test signal; and a signal shaping circuitry coupled to the test signal input end and the signal output end, configured to remove a noise signal from the initial test signal to obtain the target test signal.

Abstract: A split core current sensor a core subdivided into a first core section and a second core section, each of which have a first end and a second end. The first core section and the second core section are spaced apart by a gap. The sensor also includes a plurality of coil windings disposed about the core. A first coil winding is disposed proximate to the first end of the first core section; a second coil winding is disposed proximate to the second end of the first core section; a third coil winding is disposed proximate to the first end of the second core section; and a fourth coil winding is disposed proximate to a second end of the second core section. Each of the first core section and the second core section include a central portion disposed between the first and second ends that is free of coil windings.

Abstract: The present application discloses a portable thermoelectric potential detector, which is small in size and easy to carry. A portable thermoelectric potential detector includes a test fixture for fixing a sample to be tested, a probe assembly unit for detecting the sample to be tested, and a collection and control unit for controlling detecting of the probe assembly and collecting a voltage signal of the probe assembly; the probe assembly unit includes two probe assemblies, each probe assembly includes a probe for loading on the surface of the sample to be tested and a linear motor for driving the probe to move and load on the surface of the sample to be tested; the collection and control unit is electrically connected to the linear motor, and is further configured to transmit a first control signal for controlling a moving distance and a loading force of the linear motor.

Abstract: In a general aspect, vapor cells are disclosed that include a dielectric body having a first surface and a second surface. The dielectric body includes a plurality of cavities extending from the first surface to the second surface and ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. Each cavity has a first opening defined by the first surface and a second opening defined by the second surface. The photonic crystal structure has a photonic band gap. The vapor cells additionally include a first optical window covering the first openings and having a surface bonded to the first surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the first openings. A second optical window covers the second openings and has a surface bonded to the second surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the second openings.

Abstract: A dynamic probe for probing a dynamic data signal comprising a switching unit configured to provide at least two different input impedances, wherein the switching unit is configured to select a first input impedance in a first mode and a second input impedance in a second mode, the switching unit being configured to be operated dynamically based on an event in the data signal processed. Further, a dynamic measurement system and a method for probing a dynamic data signal are described.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement device including an application unit, a detection unit, and a calculation unit. The application unit applies a first magnetic field, which is generated by applying a pulse current to a coil or applying currents with a plurality of frequencies to the coil in order, to an object. The detection unit detects a second magnetic field which is generated by applying the first magnetic field to the object. The calculation unit calculates a distribution of a magnetic field source m in the second magnetic field. The calculation unit may further generate an imaging signal for displaying the calculated distribution of the magnetic field source m, as an image. The display unit displays the image indicating the distribution of the magnetic field source m by using the imaging signal.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor includes one or more magnetic field sensing elements and a back-biased magnet arranged to avoid saturation of the one or more magnetic field sensing elements, particularly when the one or more magnetic field sensing elements comprise one or more magnetoresistance elements. The one or more magnetoresistance elements can be arranged in a resistor bridge.

Abstract: Current measurement apparatus comprises a measurement arrangement and a signal source. The measurement arrangement is configured to measure a current signal drawn by a load. The signal source is operative to apply a reference input signal to the measurement arrangement whereby an output signal from the measurement arrangement comprises a load output signal corresponding to the load drawn current signal and a reference output signal corresponding to the reference input signal.

Abstract: A wireline or logging while drilling device includes: a first coil configured to vary the intensity of a main magnetic field so as to produce phase modulation of signals emitted by spins in a sensitive volume; and a second coil configured to excite the spins in the sensitive volume in an inverse ratio of gyromagnetic constants of the spins; and receive signals from the spins displaced in frequency from the Larmor frequency of the spins by the phase modulation produced by the first coil.

Abstract: A seal ring structure is provided. The seal ring structure includes a seal ring on a semiconductor substrate. The seal ring includes a first interconnect element and a plurality of second interconnect elements. The first interconnect element is formed on a shallow trench isolation (STI) region and a first group of P-type doping regions over the semiconductor substrate. The second interconnect elements are formed below the first interconnect element and on a second group of P-type doping regions over the semiconductor substrate. The second interconnect elements are electrically separated from the first interconnect element, and the first and second groups of P-type doping regions are separated by the STI region.

Abstract: In a method for capturing a condition of a surface of a road on which a vehicle is travelling, wherein at least one signal produced as a result of moisture thrown up from the road is captured by means of at least one sensor apparatus arranged on the vehicle, wherein the sensor apparatus includes at least one sensor device, and wherein the captured signal is evaluated by means of at least one evaluation device attached to the vehicle, it is provided as essential to the invention that at least one physical parameter of the thrown up moisture is captured by at least one sensor device, and that a conclusion is reached regarding the salt content of the moisture which reaches the sensor apparatus on the basis of at least one captured physical parameter, and a conclusion is reached regarding the condition of the road based on the salt content.

Abstract: A nanopore sequencing device is disclosed. The nanopore sequencing device includes a working electrode. It further includes a dielectric layer, wherein a portion of the dielectric layer is disposed horizontally adjacent to the working electrode and a portion of the dielectric layer is disposed above and covering a portion of the working electrode, and wherein the dielectric layer forms a well having an opening above an uncovered portion of the working electrode. A base surface area of the working electrode is greater than a base surface area of the opening above the uncovered portion of the working electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating a measurement of characteristics of a photovoltaic cell. The apparatus includes an input port for coupling to a photovoltaic cell and an output port for coupling to a measurement equipment. The apparatus is configured to couple a first resistor across positive and negative inputs of the input port and a second resistor between the negative input and ground when the input port is not selected or inactive, and decouple the first and second resistors from the input port when the input port is selected and active. The apparatus couples the positive input of the input port to the output port when the input port is selected but inactive or selected and active. The resistors protect the photovoltaic cell from adverse consequences due to incident ambient light. Examples of multiple port versions of the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor with encapsulated initialization coil comprises a packaging structure, at least one pair of sensor chips, a spiral initialization coil, a set of wire bonding pads, an ASIC specific integrated circuit and an encapsulation layer. The spiral initialization coil is located on a PCB substrate of the encapsulation structure. Each set of sensor chips comprises two sensor chips, wherein each of the sensor chips comprises two groups of magnetoresistive sensing unit strings. The magnetoresistive sensing unit strings located on the sensor chip are connected to form a magnetoresistive sensor bridge. The application specific integrated circuit, ASIC and the magnetoresistive sensor bridge are electrically interconnected. The sensor chips are located above the spiral initialization coil placed circumferentially along the surface of the spiral initialization coil. The wire bonding pad and the ASIC are electrically interconnected.

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a magnetic field generator and a sensor device arranged at a distance from said magnetic field generator and adapted for measuring or determining at least one magnetic field component and/or at least one magnetic field gradient component. The magnetic field generator comprises a multi-pole magnet having a number N of pole pairs that are axially magnetized to generate an N-pole magnetic field that is substantially rotationally symmetric around an axis. The magnet comprises a plurality of grooves and/or elongate protrusions that are arranged in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the axis to provide a substantially constant magnetic field gradient in a central region around said axis.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a connector connected to a cable external to the electronic device and including a plurality of pins; a first water detection circuit connected to at least one first pin of the plurality of pins and generating a first detection result by detecting whether there is water in the connector based on resistance of the at least one first pin; and a second water detection circuit connected to at least one second pin of the plurality of pins, entering a water detection mode when the first detection result indicates the presence of water, and detecting whether there is water in the connector based on resistance of the at least one second pin.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging method, apparatus, and storage medium, a non-linear phase RF excitation pulse is applied to nuclear spins that exhibit a magnetization intensity vector, and applying, in a slice selection direction, a slice selection gradient pulse of duration corresponding to the non-linear phase RF excitation pulse, so as to flip the magnetization intensity vector into the X-Y plane. Diffusion weighting is performed on the magnetization intensity vector flipped into the X-Y plane. A readout-segmented sampling sequence is executed to read out raw data in a segmented manner from the magnetization intensity vector resulting from diffusion weighting. A view angle tilting gradient pulse is applied in the slice selection direction.