Abstract: Disclosed is a citrate detection sensor including a compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1. The citrate detection sensor is bound specifically with citrate which is under-expressed specifically in cells, such as prostate cancer cells, to express a green fluorescence color. Thus, it is possible to detect citrate with ease by using the citrate detection sensor.

Abstract: A method for recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale and other carbonaceous materials has the steps of preparing a biomedium of microorganisms, water, and nutrients; providing shale laden with oil; treating oil shale with the biomedium; mechanically agitating the treated oil shale and biomedium approximately twelve hours to form a liquid suspension; and separating the components of the liquid suspension to yield a hydrocarbon mixture.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for the handling of processed sperm populations including samples that are freshly collected, those transported as fresh samples, as well as samples that are frozen and thawed, those sorted into one or more subpopulations, and those that are otherwise processed or handled that impose trauma on the sperm cell. Such trauma can reduce the motility, fertility, viability and overall integrity of the sperm and reduce the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, grow into a health embryo and produce a healthy offspring.

Abstract: Provided herein are assay control materials comprising stable analytes and lyophilized unstable analytes, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods employing cells encapsulated within and attached to a hydrogel, e.g., for measuring mechanical strain and/or stress of the cell and for investigating the mechano-chemo-transduction mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing compound K and compound Y, which are originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from saponins of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, compound K and compound Y, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing ginsenoside F2, compound Mc or compound O, which is originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from a saponin of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, ginsenoside F2, compound Mc and compound O, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing ginsenoside Rd, which is originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from panaxadiol-type saponins of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining a desired target compound, that is, ginsenoside Rd, in high yields, by treating a panaxadiol-type saponin obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a medium composition, including previously removing divalent metal cations contained in a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, preparing a dry powder of the polymer compound, and mixing the dry powder and the medium, and the like. The present invention also provides a purification method of a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, which includes mixing a suspension of the polymer compound having an anionic functional group in water and a cation exchanger that exchanges a divalent metal cation with a monovalent metal cation to give a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, which shows a reduced amount of contaminating divalent metal cations.

Abstract: Uronate-containing polysaccharide hydrogels that can be photo-patterned are described. The method involves forming a hydrogel and imetal-coordinating it with a reducible metallic cation and exposing the hydrogel to light in a desired pattern. The exposure to light reduces the metallic cation and results in an irreversible change in the elastic moduli and pore size of the irradiated portions of the patterned hydrogel. The method aha the benefit of allowing the user to produce such a hydrogel in any pattern desired. Patterned hydrogels and cell substrates formed by this method are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a glucose derivative, which is taken into cells via a membrane sugar transport system and is represented by formula (1). Also provided are an imaging agent and an imaging method for a cell or intracellular molecule using said glucose derivative. Further provided is a method for detecting cancer cells with good accuracy using said glucose derivative and an imaging agent to be used in said method. More specifically provided are D-glucose derivatives and L-glucose derivatives in which glucose is bound to the 7-position of a fluorescent molecular group with a coumarin backbone or a quinolone backbone. Also provided are a cell imaging agent and imaging method using the derivative. A cancer cell imaging agent and imaging method using the L-glucose derivative is also provided. G is a group selected from formulas (G1)-(G4) below.

Abstract: A fluorescence probe with mitochondrial targeting and two-photon property, its preparation method and application in detecting and tracking endogenous H2S in samples or living cells. The fluorescent probe is prepared by a four-step preparation method and demonstrates a UV-vis absorption increment ?ab=395 nm and ˜43 fold higher fluorescence intensity in the presence of H2S. The probe further demonstrates stability, selectivity for H2S over competing agents and sensitivity as low as 20 nm. A method of detecting endogenous H2S rapidly in the absence of any external stimulators is provided. Samples are contacted with the probe and the changes in fluorescence are monitored to detect H2S levels. The disclosed probe is non-toxic and suitable as a biomarker and therapeutic molecule in cancer and other diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting renal disease and for assessing the efficacy of dialysis treatment using imaging agents having desirable in vivo properties.

Abstract: Provided herein are assay control materials comprising stable analytes and lyophilized unstable analytes, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Process are provided which are effective for controlling medium conductivity during fermentation of a CO-containing gaseous substrate while providing an STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more. The process includes balancing medium conductivity, specific carbon uptake or cell density levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for and methods of optically imaging tissues or cells using imaging agents having desirable in vivo properties that result in improved signal-to-background ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for in vitro determining generation of a haemostasis factor such as thrombin and/or plasmin in a test sample using a chemiluminescent substrate specific for said blood clotting factor. Upon cleavage of the substrate, a luminescent signal is generated with the aid of a luciferase. The invention also relates to a kit for in vitro determining generation of a haemostasis factor in a test sample, and to novel chemiluminescent substrates for the determination of thrombin and plasmin.

Abstract: Conjugates of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and its derivatives with enzyme cleavable groups are chromogenic substrates that form colored compounds when complexed with metal ions, e.g. iron ions, on cleavage by enzymes, and are useful in microbial detection and identification. The cleavage products form purple or red-brown colored complexes, that can easily be observed by the naked eye. Microbes can be grown in the presence of the substrates and the metal salts that provide the metal ion for complexing with the 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene product. Substituents in the naphthalene ring may affect the solubility of the substrates and also the diffusibility and color of the metal complexes. Some of the substrates yield soluble complexes on cleavage and are of particular value in liquid growth media. Other substrates produce less soluble complexes that are more suitable for use in solid agar media.

Abstract: Provided herein include methods and compositions for synthesis of Lipid IVA and derivatives thereof, using a defined set of pathway enzyme, which may be isolated and used to reconstitute all or part of the pathway in a cell-free reaction.

Abstract: Methods and compositions modulate the activity of electrically excitable cells. Photovoltaic compounds which, upon exposure to light energy, increase or decrease the electrical activity of cells. These supplement and/or replace of vision based on the conversion of light energy to electrical energy within certain cells of the visual system. A “patch” or bridge to circumvent one or more defective, damaged, or diseased cells in the visual system. Additionally, in several embodiments, subjects with normal vision can benefit from the methods, compositions, systems, and/or devices disclosed herein as normal visual acuity can be heightened. The exposure induces an energy (e.g., a receipt of light energy, conversion to electrical energy, and passage of that electrical energy) from the photovoltaic compound to the cell, thereby altering the transmembrane potential of the cell and/or the opening of one or more ion channels, thereby modulating the activity of the electrically excitable cell.