Abstract: This invention relates to substrates and methods for the visualization of intracellular organelles, such as the lysosome, peroxiosome, nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus, based upon organelle enzyme activity. Such compounds represent a novel combination of chemically distinct enzyme substrates with targeting and detection substrates which are activated by enzyme activity inside target organelles to produce a detectable signal. The organelle targeted enzyme substrates of this invention are designed to provide high fluorescence at lower pH values found in some organelles and can be used for monitoring enzyme activity inside cells at very low concentrations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for screening a regulator of mitochondrial fission using a cell treated to a protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside compound, a composition therefor, and a kit comprising the composition. As the use of the method for screening the regulator of mitochondrial fission of the present invention enables effective discovery of a formulation capable of preventing, improving, or treating a mitochondria-related disease, the method will be widely used for the development of a therapeutic agent for the mitochondria-related disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the enzymatic deacetylation of mannosylerythritol lipids produced by fermentation using lipases. More in particular, the present invention relates to a method for the enzymatic deacetylation of mannosylerythritol lipids using a hydrolyzing enzyme in an organic solvent containing only low amounts of water, preferably, no water. It further provides the use of organic solvents, containing only low amounts of water, more preferably, no water, for the enzymatic deacetylation of mannosylerythritol lipids.

Abstract: Self-aligned fibrous scaffolds are disclosed. The scaffolds are capable of automechanoinduction of cell cultures and methods to induce authomechanoinduction in cancer cells and stem cells are disclosed as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one fucosylated oligosaccharide, for use in preventing and/or treating URT infections in an infant or young child fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: i) the infant or young child is born from a non-secretor mother and/or is fed with a mother's milk deficient in at least one fucosylated oligosaccharide(s) ii) the infant or young child has at least one sibling iii) the infant or young child was born by C-section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an activator of mitochondrial activity by using gypenoside-treated cells, to a composition for screening an activator of mitochondrial activity, comprising the gypenoside, and to a kit comprising the composition. By using the method for screening an activator of mitochondrial activity of the present invention, it is possible to effectively discover a preparation which can substantially promote the mitochondrial activity, and thus the method is expected to be widely used in developing a therapeutic agent for diseases caused by mitochondrial activity inhibition.

Abstract: An osteoinductive composition, corresponding osteoimplants, and methods for making the osteoinductive composition are disclosed. The osteoinductive composition comprises osteoinductive factors, such as may be extracted from demineralized bone, and a carrier. The osteoinductive composition is prepared by providing demineralized bone, extracting osteoinductive factors from the demineralized bone, and adding the extracted osteoinductive factors to a carrier. Further additives such as bioactive agents may be added to the osteoinductive composition. The carrier and osteoinductive factors may form an osteogenic osteoimplant. The osteoimplant, when implanted in a mammalian body, can induce at the locus of the implant the full developmental cascade of endochondral bone formation including vascularization, mineralization, and bone marrow differentiation. Also, in some embodiments, the osteoinductive composition can be used as a delivery device to administer bioactive agents.

Abstract: A media supplement for culturing anaerobic bacteria is provided which comprises a filtrate of eilluent from a chemostat vessel in which a target bacterial ecosystem has been culnn-ed. Methods of using the supplement for culturing or isolating anaerobic microbial strains or communities, particularly anaerobic bacteria from the human gut, are also provided.

Abstract: To provide a marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent, which can determine whether or not a patient has a therapeutic response to the anti-cancer agent, and cancer therapeutic means employing the marker.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for determining and evaluating the in vitro-in vivo activity relationship of the efficacy of families of compounds for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. The validity of the methods can be confirmed by evaluation of the compounds in animal models, for example, in murine models of tuberculosis. Examples of families of antibacterial compounds that can be evaluated for in vivo efficacy using the in vitro methods described herein include benzimidazoles, pyridopyrazines, pteridines, diphenyl ethers, beta-lactams, PBP inhibitors, and compounds that are non-ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors. The methods can be used to evaluate classes of small molecule compounds and inhibitors that may be effective against any bacterial pathogen.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for the treatment of the symptoms of addiction and the method for preparing the therapeutic agent is disclosed. The therapeutic agent is a stable pharmaceutical preparation containing, but not limited to, digestive/pancreatic enzymes. The therapeutic agent may be manufactured by a variety of encapsulation technologies. Delivery of the therapeutic agent may be made orally, through injection, by adherence of a medicated patch or other method. Further, a method of using of a biomarker, the presence of chymotrypsin in the gastrointestinal tract to determine the presence of symptoms of addiction, and the likelihood of relapsing into addiction is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a topical composition that contains a fermentation extract from a simultaneous or sequential fermentation. When topically applied to skin, the composition of the invention is effective in stimulating the production of hyaluronic acid, CD44 and Caspase 14 protein in skin cells.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a chemically stable hollow spherical covalent organic framework having mesoporous walls with high surface area and a process for synthesis thereof. Further the immobilization and adsorption ability of the said COF's is disclosed in the present invention.

Abstract: Cell culture devices, and related methods and kits, for modeling isotropic-to-anisotropic cellular transitions are provided. The devices can include a substrate having an isotropic film surface with one or more regions of aligned fibers dispersed thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fungal strains, which are a member of the genus Penicillium and have antifungal activity, and to cell-free extracts of said strains, culture media obtainable by culturing said strains and extrolites produced by said strains, all of which have fungicidal activity. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising said strains, extracts, culture media and extrolites, and their uses in the agrochemical field and the field of controlling phytopathogenic fungi in particular.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the modulation of the activity of electrically excitable cells. In particular, several embodiments relate to the use of photovoltaic compounds which, upon exposure to light energy, increase or decrease the electrical activity of cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution solubilization composition of an insoluble material and a method for solubilizing an insoluble material using the same, on the basis of the mechanism that a solution solubilization composition of an insoluble material comprising mannosylerythritol lipid, an insoluble material, a heteropolysaccharide, a surfactant and a polyol offsets the intermolecular interaction of a hydrophobic material without physical requirements.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for the handling of processed sperm populations including samples that are freshly collected, those transported as fresh samples, as well as samples that are frozen and thawed, those sorted into one or more subpopulations, and those that are otherwise processed or handled that impose trauma on the sperm cell. Such trauma can reduce the motility, fertility, viability and overall integrity of the sperm and reduce the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg, grow into a health embryo and produce a healthy offspring.

Abstract: Compositions comprising cellulase and at least one poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound having a degree of substitution with an organic group of about 0.05-3.0 are disclosed. Such compositions can be dry or aqueous, the latter of which can have a viscosity of at least about 10 cPs. The disclosed composition can be in the form of a personal care product, household product, or industrial product, for example. Also disclosed are a method for preparing an aqueous composition comprising cellulase and a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound, and a method of treating a material such as fabric by contacting it with this aqueous composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting the conversion of choline or carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO in an individual comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising a compound set forth in FORMULA (I): The invention also provides for a method of inhibiting the production of TMA by bacteria comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising a compound set forth in FORMULA (I) wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to inhibit formation of trimethylamine (TMA) from choline or carnitine in the individual.