Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for combustion systems wherein fuel may be burned completely with use of air as the oxidant, without the necessity for completely mixing the fuel with the air before, during, or after the combustion process. A bed of readily reducible metal oxide, the reduced form of this metal oxide being readily oxidized, is placed within a combustion system. The air and fuel are contacted with the bed at an elevated temperature, with the metal oxide oxidizing the fuel and being regenerated by the air. In one embodiment, complete combustion of fuel occurs without complete mixing of fuel and air. In other embodiments fuel can be burned with little or no mixing with a the combustion process, or fuel can be burned with little or no mixing with air, before, during, or after the combustion process, thereby avoiding a number of disadvantages of such mixing.

Abstract: A paper machine comprising a single tier drying section including at least two dryer groups is disclosed. In one group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a plane, and the axes of rotation of the vacuum rolls are disposed below the plane of dryer cylinders. In the next group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a further plane which is non-coplanar with the plane defined by the dryers of the first dryer group. The vacuum rolls of the second dryer group have their axes of rotation disposed above the further plane. The dryer transfer which transfers the web from one dryer group to the next one includes a joint run of the felts of the respective dryer sections and a vacuum roll at the downstream end of the joint run. The joint run receives the web between the felts when the web passes through the joint run.

Abstract: Material containing organic substances including rubber, plastic, and lacquer is heated in a vacuum process chamber at subatmospheric pressure in a nonreactive atmosphere to a temperature of at least 200.degree. C., the gases and vapors thus formed are condensed in a condensate separator, and the condensate is captured and made available for reuse or disposal. The embrittled residues formed from these substances are crushed and the crushed residues are collected and made available for recycling or disposal. If metals are contained in the material, the residues are loosened, collected, and crushed. The process and the apparatus are suitable for recycling insulted wire, metal bonded to rubber, plastic containers decorated with pigments, motor vehicle steering wheels, workpiece hangers and tools coated with lacquer, poorly lacquered metal parts, tires and rubber pads of track-laying vehicles, and seals.

Abstract: A method and a system is disclosed for controlling chemical reaction of a feed. The feed is directed into a reactor containing a molten metal bath to at least partially chemically react the feed to form an intermediate component. A portion of the intermediate component is combined with an off-gas which is emitted from the molten metal bath. At least a portion of the intermediate is then separated from the off-gas and returned to the molten metal bath. The returned intermediate component is then substantially converted to its atomic constituents. The atomic constituents subsequently exothermically react with other components of the molten metal bath for reaction to form compounds which are substantially stable at the operating conditions of the system, thereby allowing control of chemical reaction of the feed.

Abstract: An arrangement for hot killing the acid contents of flue and process gases comprising a burner for discharging fuel and combustion supporter, preferably Diesel oil, fuel oil and air, to a combustion chamber, to produce a flame and gas burnt, and means of injecting/blowing a basic substance in either powder or solution form into a hot region of the flame, the gas burnt thus enriched with basic substance being mixed with the flue gas and hot killing its acid contents.

Abstract: A steam generator with a water lance sprayer for cleaning a surface of a heat exchangers of the steam generator, and more particularly combustion-chamber heat-transfer surfaces in steam boilers, can have an outlet opening swivel-type supported in the wall of the steam generator and its rear parts swivel-type suspended. Such a lance blower is provided with a polydirectional movability in a plane at the outlet opening of the water lance blower without contamination to ensure that the jet meeting the opposite boiler wall describes an exactly defined course. This is done by providing a flange at the outlet opening of the blowpipe, which flange can be attached to a segment of a cardan joint with the cardan joint being fastened in the combustion-chamber wall.

Abstract: Dustlike and/or finely divided solids which arise in the purification of flue gases, in particular from refuse incineration plants, are subjected to a thermal treatment. In this case, the said solids are fed to a filter device along a predetermined transport path by a gas stream having at least the thermal treatment temperature. After the filtration, the solids can be subjected to a thermal post-treatment. The thermal treatment can serve to destroy halogenated, in particular aromatic, hydrocarbons, to remove ammonia or other volatile constituents.

Abstract: A portion of solid fuel is pyrolyzed in a pyrolyzer to produce combustible gases and carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material being supplied from the pyrolyzer to a furnace. A further portion of the solid fuel is added to a furnace and is combusted with the carbonaceous material therein to produce combustion products that include hot flue gases and ash particulate. The combustion products are separated into a plurality of streams, one of which contains coarse ash and another of which contains flue gases and fine ash. A portion of the coarse ash is directed into the pyrolyzer while a further portion is disposed of, preferably by being used to heat air entering the furnace.

Abstract: A portable indoor and outdoor evaporative cooling unit includes a conduit structure with an inlet and outlet, an air blower, and a plurality of nozzles for emitting water or other evaporating coolant into the air flow. The nozzles connect to a source of water or the like and are positioned in or on the conduit such that sprayed coolant mixes together with the forced air to form a mixture whose temperature drops via evaporative cooling. The outlet directs the mixture in streams or clouds where persons can immerse themselves or walk through to cool down. Alternative embodiments include an inverted L-shape, a tower and a framework forming a pavilion. One or more porous membranes can be placed along the flow path, particularly at the outlet, with at least one nozzle arranged to soak the membrane. As used at the outlet, the membrane forms a flow restriction for maintaining inflation. The cooling unit is advantageously used for cooling athletes at competitions, fire fighters and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the melting and subsequent solidification of fine particulate material by means of a plasma torch. The fine particulate material is introduced into a furnace having a plasma torch to a depth sufficient to cover the plasma flame produced by the torch. When operative, the torch generates a heat at low gas flow, which both allows the fine particulate material to rest with little disturbance and to transfer large amounts of heat energy to the fine particulate, effectively preheating the fine particulate material for more efficient melting. The melt may, for example, be solidified into a block for building use, into fibers by means of pressurized air passed through a venturi nozzle or into other useful forms.

Abstract: A continuous extrusion and curing line has a linear hot air curing furnace which includes at least one UHF module which is selectively linearly movable along a length of the furnace.

Abstract: A mounting for an oil gun in an associated steam generation boiler which includes a stationary union block having first and second output ports for respective fluid streams; a removable block having first and second input ports dimensioned and configured for registration with the first and second output ports; apparatus for mounting the stationary union block which comprises a collar welded to the end of an associated guide pipe and apparatus coupling the collar and the stationary union block and allowing relative pivotal moment between the collar and the stationary union; and apparatus for forcing the removable union block against the stationary union block with the respective ports thereof in registered relationship. In some forms of the invention the apparatus coupling the collar and the stationary union comprises a pin, the pin extending through the stationary union block. The apparatus coupling the collar and the stationary union block may comprise first and second plates that are carried on the pin.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of a fuel/oxidant mixture mountable on a burner block having a hot face, a cold face opposite the hot face and forming a communication having a circular cross-section between the hot face and the cold face, comprising an oxidant conduit and a fuel conduit disposed concentrically within the oxidant conduit and forming an annulus between the fuel conduit and the oxidant conduit. One end of the fuel conduit extends into the burner block communication and is disposed at a distance from the burner block hot face.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a diffuser for a hair dryer comprising a diffuser body which is adapted to be secured to the nozzle of the hair dryer and includes a plurality of hair pickup elements (9, 10, 11) extending away from the diffuser body. At least one of the hair pickup elements (9, 10) is movably arranged on the diffuser body.

Abstract: A method of operating an industrial furnace comprising the steps of; drawing a first gas flow of ambient air into the furnace; removing constituents of the first gas flow to increase the relative oxygen content of the remaining first gas flow, the removed constituents of the first gas flow comprising a second gas flow; firing the furnace using at least part of the remaining first gas flow as an oxidising medium; drawing waste gases from the furnace in a third gas flow; combining the second gas flow and the third gas flow; and releasing the combined second and third gas flows from the furnace.

Abstract: A manure drying system for reducing the moisture content in manure collected in an animal husbandry operation, and a method of carrying out the manure drying process. The system and method include providing an animal confinement facility having a ventilation system operating within the facility which causes an air flow. Accumulation apparatus for collecting and selectively holding manure produced by the animals and channeling apparatus for directing at least some part of the air flow produced within the facility onto the manure collected by the accumulation apparatus are also provided. The use of the apparatus and method cause a significant reduction in the moisture content of the manure accumulated and facilitate handling and disposal operations.

Abstract: A method of collecting and conditioning either or both of a fluid bed combustion cyclone or bed ash, from a sulfur-containing petroleum coke combustion, by transferring dry combustion ash, containing anhydrous calcium sulfate and resultant lime to a pneumatic tanker, transferring the tanker with the ash to a storage site, and discharging the dry ash through a mixing pump onto the storage site while adding sufficient water to hydrate anhydrous calcium sulfate and resultant lime in the ash and provide about 7-25 percent by weight excess water in the ash.

Abstract: A drain case 4 is disposed between the bottom wall of a unit case and the lower end of refrigerant passage pipes 15 of a stacked type refrigerant evaporator. The drain case 4 is W-shape in cross section, and comprising two pieces of outside inclined walls 32 contacting the side ends of two pieces of tank parts 16 and 17 formed at the lower end side of the refrigerant passage pipes 15, a chevron type protruded wall 33 contacting a recessed part 28 formed at the bottom end of the part between the adjacent two pieces of tank parts 16 and 17, and inside inclined walls 34 having a drain hole 36. In this arrangement, the condensed water flows from the side ends of the two pieces of tank parts 16 and 17 and the part between the two pieces of tank part 16 and 17 into the lower ends thereof reaches the two pieces of outside inclined walls 32 and protruded wall 33 of the drain case 4 before reaching the bottom end of the two pieces of tank parts 16 and 17, and then is efficiently drained therefrom.

Abstract: An improved method is provided, using existing technology, for treating and disposing of both classified and unclassified waste materials, in a multistage process having a plurality of integrated and interconnected primary and secondary combustion and exhaust systems and having a selective range of pressures and temperatures and fuel/oxygen ratios in each of the systems. The primary or first stage combustion system treats generally classified, predominantly organic waste material that is amenable to a low temperature degradation which produces flammable exhaust materials that are then used to fuel an operably connected high temperature torch which is integral to the secondary or second stage, high temperature combustion system. The high temperature system treats generally unclassified waste material, which may contain both organic and inorganic waste in random ratios.

Abstract: In a two-wire cylinder dryer, the wire guide rolls are so arranged that the web and wire proceed jointly from the first cylinder to the wire guide roll. An air carrier box is arranged in the shaft contained between two cylinders. The air carrier box has an air channel connecting the area of the leaving point A with an opposite pressure zone. Hot air flows into the air channel through a driver nozzle, so that in the area of the leaving point there is a vacuum zone created which is outwardly bounded by a sealing strip. The pressure zone is bounded by further sealing strips.