Abstract: A method for loading an axial-radial flow vessel containing a bed of a particulate catalyst having a radial-flow portion and an axial-flow portion supported on and in fluid communication with the radial flow portion, includes: (i) placing a first catalyst material in the radial-flow portion and (ii) placing a second catalyst material in the axial-flow portion, wherein the second catalyst material has a smaller particle size than the first catalyst material. A vessel loaded with first and second catalyst materials is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of use thereof for the production of carbon-based and other nanostructures, as well as fuels and reformed products, are provided.

Abstract: A method of producing hexagonal plate-like zinc oxide particles having a sharp particle size distribution (i.e., a relatively uniform particle size) at a high weight yield and a high percent yield is provided. The method of producing hexagonal plate-like zinc oxide particles of the present invention comprises mixing by stirring an aqueous hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) solution, a solution of an anionic surfactant in a water-insoluble organic solvent, and optionally water to form a microemulsion containing an aqueous phase of an aqueous hexamethylenetetramine solution having a molar concentration of 0.05 M or more; dropwise adding an aqueous zinc salt solution to the microemulsion; and heating the microemulsion containing the aqueous zinc salt solution to a reaction temperature of 80° C. or more without using any autoclave to form hexagonal plate-like zinc oxide particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials with high bulk photovoltaic effect response. The present invention also provides for products comprising the high bulk photovoltaic effect materials of the present invention.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to iron carbonate utilized as a catalyst in coal gasification processes. An FeCO3 catalyst is active in both pyrolysis and gasification operations, and may increase carbon conversion rate and reduce the activation energy of coal gasification. Methods described herein also include suitable processing conditions for performing coal gasification with the FeCO3 catalyst.

Abstract: A simple-cycle gas turbine system includes an injection system including a plurality of injection tubes that may inject a fluid into a duct of an exhaust processing system that may process exhaust gas generated by a gas turbine engine. The exhaust processing system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that may reduce a level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) within the exhaust gas; and a mixing system positioned adjacent to the plurality of injection tubes and within the exhaust processing system. The mixing system includes a mixing module having a plurality of turbulators that may swirl the fluid, or the exhaust gas, or both, in a first swirl direction to encourage turbulent flow along an axis of the exhaust processing system and thereby facilitate mixing between the fluid and the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the synthesis of alkali metal tetrahydroborates-10B and amine borane-10B precursors, such as sodium tetrahydroborate-10B and triethylamine borane-10B.

Abstract: A gas-loading and packaging system is provided for loading a solid material used in a hydrogen fuel cell with gas and packaging the solid material in a sealed container. The gas may comprise a hydrogen gas or other gas. The solid material may, for example, comprise palladium, a nickel alloy, platinum, or other metal. The solid material is loaded with gas by exposing the solid material to the gas under high pressure. When the solid material is exposed to gas under pressure, the gas absorbs into or adsorbs onto the solid material. The mass of the solid material is continuously monitored and used to determine when the solid material is loaded with the desired amount of gas. After the solid material is loaded with gas, high pressure is maintained while the solid material is packaged in a sealed container that is capable of retaining the high pressure gas.

Abstract: Process, reactor and burner for the gasification of a hydrocarbon fuel. The burner comprises coaxial channels for the separate supply of an oxidizer gas, a hydrocarbon fuel and a moderator gas. A coaxial channel with the smallest width is bordered by a separating wall with at least one gas exchange. The gas exchange passage can for example be formed by a retracted end of the separating wall and/or by openings in the separating wall.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composition, a hydrogen storage container and a method for producing the hydrogen storage container are provided. The hydrogen storage composition includes a thermally-conductive material, a hydrogen storage material, and optionally an elastic material. The hydrogen storage container includes a canister body and the hydrogen storage composition. After the hydrogen storage composition is placed into a canister body, a vacuum environment within the canister body is created, and a first weight of the canister body is recorded. Then, hydrogen gas is activated and charged into the canister body, and a second weight of the canister body is recorded. Then, a hydrogen storage amount is calculated according to the first weight and the second weight. If the hydrogen storage amount reaches the predetermined value, the hydrogen storage container is produced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyst system for the reduction of the harmful exhaust-gas constituents hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the environmentally detrimental secondary emissions ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) of combustion engines operated using gasoline and to a corresponding method for exhaust-gas purification. The system is characterized by a particular arrangement of catalysts and is used in the case of engines which are operated with predominantly, on average, stoichiometric air/fuel mixtures. Here, a three-way catalyst produced in accordance with the current prior art is preferably installed in a close-coupled position. In the underfloor position, there is situated an SCR catalyst produced in accordance with the current prior art, followed by a further three-way catalyst produced in accordance with the current prior art.

Abstract: The invention related to a material that can stably hold an imide anion (NH2?) therein even in the atmosphere or in a solvent, and a method for synthesizing the material and a use of the material. A mayenite-type compound into which imide anions are incorporated at a concentration of 1×1018 cm?3 or more are provided. The mayenite-type compound can be produced by heating a mayenite-type compound including electrons or free oxygen ions in a cage thereof, in liquefied ammonia at 450 to 700° C. and at a pressure of 30 to 100 MPa. The compound has properties such that active imide anions can be easily incorporated into the compound and the active imide anions can be easily released in the form of ammonia from the compound, and the compound has chemical stability.

Abstract: A pulverized coal gasification furnace with multi-level feeding of high speed circulating gasification agent which includes a pulverized coal gasification furnace and a gasification method. The present invention solves the existing problems in short life of burner, uneven slag deposition on the surface of the gasification device which causes burning and corrosion, and uneven temperature distribution along the height direction. The steps are: 1. setting parameters for the gasification chamber; 2. feeding pulverized coal; 3. burning pulverized coal to form molten slag; 4. gasification process of molten slag inside the gasification furnace; 5. removing slag. In the present invention, the furnace body is divided into different levels for the gasification agent, the internal temperature of the furnace along the height direction is evenly distributed, and the furnace is applicable to the coal types which has severe change in ash viscosity in response to temperature changes.

Abstract: Nanostructured metal amides and nitrides are incorporated into nanoporous templates, such as carbon, using liquid ammonia as a solvent/reagent. This leads to unexpected improvements in metal amide nanoconfined hydrogen storage materials. The resulting nanostructured materials may reversibly absorb and desorb large capacities of hydrogen under conditions that are much milder compared to what has been achieved with bulk materials. In addition, the nanoconfined materials may reduce the amounts of ammonia released upon dehydriding, which may make the released hydrogen gas purer and may limit the capacity loss. In addition, nanoconfinement may simplify the reaction mechanism, eliminating undesired metal imide intermediates and promote hydrogen cycling under mild conditions. The liquid ammonia method also allows the simultaneous introduction of catalytic additives along with the parent hydrogen storage material.

Abstract: A method of fertilizing a plant comprises applying to a plant an effective amount of a composition comprising a product of a salicylic acid, a potassium polyphosphite, a potassium phosphite, and a potassium phosphate. The composition may be prepared by reacting salicylic acid, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or potassium carbonate, phosphoric acid, and phosphorous acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst suitable for the catalytic oxidative cracking of a H2S-containing gas stream, particularly in the event that the stream also contains methane and/or ammonia. The catalyst comprises iron and molybdenum supported by a carrier comprising aluminum. The carrier preferably is alumina. The iron and molybdenum preferably are in the form of sulphides. Also disclosed is a method for the production of hydrogen from a H2S-containing gas stream, comprising subjecting the gas stream to catalytic oxidative cracking so as to form H2 and S2, using a catalyst in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of hydrogen at low temperature starting from alcohols without formation of carbon using an oxyhydride material based on cerium and nickel and to the use of such a material as catalyst for transformation of alcohols to hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for removing heavy metals from process fluids includes passing a heavy-metal-containing process fluid, including a reductant selected from hydrogen and carbon monoxide, at an inlet temperature ?125° C. over a sorbent including (i) 4-75% by weight of one or more sulphided copper compounds selected from sulphided basic copper carbonate, sulphided copper hydroxide, sulphided copper oxide or mixtures of these, (ii) optionally a support material, and (iii) a binder and the binder content of the sorbent is in the range 5-30% by weight, wherein essentially all of the sulphided copper is in the form of CuS and the total metal sulphide content of the sorbent, other than copper sulphide, is ?5% wt.