Abstract: A coupling-in device for light from a plurality of light sources (8) into an optical waveguide (1), the coupling-in device having a plurality of focussing optics (5) for the light from the various light sources (8).

Abstract: A substrate for use in a liquid crystal display, including an insulating substrate cooperating with an oppositely arranged opposite substrate to hold a liquid crystal. A plurality of pixel regions are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix form, in each of which a switching element is formed. At least one resin color filter layer is formed on the pixel regions to cover the switching element. Additionally, at least one layer of the resin color filter layers of the plural colors has a cruciform-shaped pattern protruding to cover the switching elements of neighboring pixels when viewed in a direction of a normal of a substrate surface.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a display region and a first non-display region, the first non-display region being disposed at a boundary of the display region. A second substrate faces and is spaced apart from the first substrate, the second substrate including a second non-display region corresponding to a portion larger than the first substrate. A light absorption layer is on an inner surface of the first substrate. A cholesteric liquid crystal color filter (CCF) layer is at the display region and the first non-display region is on the light absorption layer. A common electrode is on the CCF layer. An array element is on an inner surface of the second substrate. A light shielding pattern is on the array element, the light shielding pattern corresponding to the CCF layer at the first non-display region. A retardation plate and a polarizing plate are sequentially formed on the outer surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: An array substrate for an in-plane switching liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a gate line and a common line on the substrate, the gate and common lines disposed parallel to and spaced apart from each other, a gate insulator on the gate and common lines, and a data line substantially perpendicular to the gate and common lines on the gate insulator such that a pixel region defined by the gate and data lines. The pixel region is divided into first and second pixel region by the common line. A thin film transistor is adjacent to a crossing portion of the gate and data lines, the thin film transistor having a drain electrode. A first storage electrode is on the gate insulator over the common line, and the first storage electrode connected to the drain electrode. A second storage electrode is on the gate insulator over the gate line, and the second storage electrode connected to the first storage electrode.

Abstract: A transflective LCD device improves a light transmittance in both the transmissive mode and the reflective mode and improves efficiency in the use of the light regardless of wavelength. To properly control the ON/OFF-switch of the blue wavelength band or the red wavelength band, the transflective LCD device adopts a half wave plate (?/2) and changes the optic axes of the polarizers and the retardation film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate made of plastic and being spaced apart from the first substrate, a thin film transistor on the inner surface of the first substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a color filter layer under the pixel electrode, a polarizer on the outer surface of the second substrate, a black matrix on the inner surface of the second substrate and corresponding to the thin film transistor, a common electrode on the black matrix, and a liquid crystal layer between the pixel electrode and the common electrode.

Abstract: A novel integral image recognition/display apparatus includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor and peripheral driving circuits for driving them, has both image recognition function and display function, and is constituted into an “intelligent” configuration. This display apparatus includes a plurality of pixel portions each having an active device and arranged in matrix, an active matrix substrate using an electrode for the pixel portion and a plurality of sensor portions arranged in matrix on the active matrix substrate, wherein the sensor portion has a photoelectric conversion device, and reads information by utilizing the rays of light transmitting through the light-transmitting material when an external image is read.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for fabricating a liquid crystal display using liquid crystal dropping and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display using the same. The present invention includes a liquid crystal forming line dropping liquid crystals on the first substrate, a sealant forming line forming the sealant on the second substrate, and a bonding and hardening line bonding the two substrates to each other and hardening the sealant, printing a sealant, bonding the substrates each other, and hardening the sealant and an inspection process line of cutting the bonded substrates into panel units and grinding and inspecting the unit panels.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate is provided with a gate line assembly, a data line assembly, and thin film transistors. The data line assembly crosses over the gate line assembly while defining pixel regions. A pixel electrode is formed at each pixel region. A color filter substrate is provided with a black matrix, and color filters of red, green and blue are formed at the black matrix at the pixel regions. An overcoat layer covers the color filters, and a common electrode is formed on the overcoat layer with an opening pattern. The thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrates face each other, and a liquid crystal material is injected between the thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrate. The blue color filter has a thickness larger than the red color filter or the green color filter such that the liquid crystal cell gap at the blue color filter is smaller than the liquid crystal cell gap at the red or green color filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single mode optical fibre comprising a first central region having a radius r1, a maximum refractive index value n1 and at least one second ring surrounding said first central region, which second ring has a radius r2 and a minimum refractive index value n2, wherein n2<n1. The present invention furthermore relates to an optical communication system for multi-channel signal transmission.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for control of optical switching arrays are described. A switch array controller according to an aspect of the present invention operates so as to achieve reduced power consumption and maintain crosstalk within acceptable limits. Various rules are applied in order to insure that the desired criteria are met. In order to reduce transient effects, switching from one output to another is accomplished in a sequence chosen to maximize the number of transitions occurring in those portions of the array not carrying a signal, and to minimize the number of transitions that occur in portions of the array carrying the signal. Transitions are made in the portion of the array to which the signal will be directed, then a switch is transitioned between the old and new signal paths, and finally further transitions are made in the portion of the array within which the signal was previously directed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lens having a variable light transmission in response to variations in incident light intensity. The lens is useful for providing eye protection from variations in ambient light intensity. The present invention is directed to shade devices having lenses which have a variable degree of light transmission which automatically changes in response to the intensity of incident light or at the selection of a user of the eye glasses.

Abstract: A pressure sealing apparatus and method for a ferroelectric liquid crystal display is disclosed for improving an alignment characteristic of a liquid crystal. In the apparatus and method, simultaneously with a pressurization of a liquid crystal display panel into which a liquid crystal has been injected, the liquid crystal display panel is subjected to a temperature treatment along with an application of an electric field.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid-crystal display device having a transmission type liquid-crystal display panel including a liquid-crystal cell, a light source disposed on at least one side surface of the liquid-crystal display panel, and an optical path changing sheet disposed on a back side opposite to a visual side of the liquid-crystal display panel and having optical path changing slopes. Incident light from the light source is reflected toward the visual side of the liquid-crystal display device.

Abstract: The present invention provides the conditions for new bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, in particular the necessary twist angles, liquid crystal retardation values, input and output polarizer angles, for both transmissive and reflective liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical component and a projector in which a light modulation device is reliably fixed relative to a prism, and in which the size of the prism can be reduced to the minimum size required from an optical point of view. Frame members are attached to a cross-dichroic prism, and retaining frames, which retain liquid crystal panels, are fixed to the frame members with fixing pins. Since it is not necessary to fix the fixing pins directly to the cross-dichroic prism, the cross-dichroic prism, having the minimum size required from an optical point of view, may be used. In addition, since a large fixing area is provided between the frame members and the fixing pins, the frame members and the fixing pins are fixed to each other with sufficient fixation strength. Accordingly, the liquid crystal panels may be reliably fixed relative to the cross-dichroic prism.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device having high reliability and permitting recognition of a connection state using ACF, and an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device, in which a pair of substrates 11a and 11b having electrodes 15a and 15b formed on the opposite surfaces thereof are opposed to each other, an overhang portion 30 is provided on the substrate 11a to project outward from the substrate 11b, terminals 31 are formed on the overhang portion 30 to extend from the electrodes 15a, and output terminals 25a of an external circuit are electrically connected to the terminals 31 through AFC 32 so that conductive particles 32b contained in the AFC 32 cut into the terminals 31 to form nicks or gouges which are visible through the transparent substrate 11a.

Abstract: An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device includes a common electrode connector disposed in a longitudinal direction respectively at a center portion and both sides of the pixel region to supply a common voltage to common electrodes. Data lines positioned at the left of the center-positioned common electrode connector are disposed respectively at the left of corresponding pixels positioned at the left of the center-common electrode connector, whereas data lines positioned at the right of the center-common electrode connector are disposed respectively at the right of corresponding pixels positioned at the right of the center-positioned common electrode connector in order to provide a space required to dispose the center-positioned common electrode connector. Accordingly, all pixels in pixel area are arranged to have a symmetrical figure with respect to the center-common electrode connector.

Abstract: A display panel which employs semiconductor light sources, fiber optics, liquid crystal and a switching matrix to obtain efficient display.