Abstract: The novel polyfunctional peroxides are compounds represented by the following general formula (1):R.sup.1 -CX.sub.3 ( 1)wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X represents a group: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). Such polyfunctional peroxides include 1,1,1-tris(t-butylperoxycarbonyloxymethyl)propane and the like. The polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers comprise such polyfunctional peroxides. In the process for polymerizing vinyl monomers, a vinyl monomer is polymerized employing such polyfunctional peroxide at 60 to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition that has excellent discharge and flow characteristics prior to its cure and that cures into a highly transparent silicone rubber comprises:(A) polyorganosiloxane,(B) microparticulate silica,(C) methyloligosiloxane endblocked at one molecular chain terminal by silanol and endblocked at the other terminal by trimethylsiloxy, and(D) a curing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fluid dispersion of at least one dibenzylidene sorbitol acetal derivative. The sorbitol acetal derivative is useful as a clarifying agent for polyolefins and the inventive fluid dispersion permits improvements in the handling and processing of and mixing within the polyolefin composition. The inventive dispersion must be shelf stable, retain its nucleating effects, be compatible with polypropylene (and other polyolefins), and possess both short-term and long-term viscosities which permit acceptable transport through a standard polyolefin-manufacturing peristaltic pump. The preferred inventive dispersion thus comprises 3,4-DMDBS and at least one ethoxylated nonionic surfactant having an HLB of greater than about 8.5. Preferred surfactants include those selected from the group consisting essentially of ethoxylated sorbitan (C.sub.8 -C.sub.22) monoesters and ethoxylated nonyl-phenol ethers.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline. In order to process high quality fibers and other articles possessing good mechanical properties, it is known that solution concentrations of the chosen polymer should be in the range from 15-30% (w/w). Moreover, it is desirable to use the highest molecular weight consistent with the solubility properties of the polymer. However, such solutions are inherently unstable, forming gels before processing can be achieved. The present invention describes the addition gel inhibitors (GIs) to the polymer solution, thereby permitting high concentrations (>15% (w/w)) of high molecular weight ((M.sub.w)>120,000, and (M.sub.n)>30,000) emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline to be dissolved. Secondary amines have been used for this purpose in concentrations which are small compared to those which might otherwise be used in a cosolvent role therefor.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive colored composition comprising (A) a copolymer having, as constitutional repeating units, at least ((1) a monofuctional macromonomer having the specified structure and weight-average molecular weight of 3.times.10.sup.4 or below, (2) a monomer having the specified structure and (3) a quaternary ammonium salt monomer; (B) a radiation sensitive compound; and (C) a pigment: which can provide a color filter having excellent pattern reproducibility because of its high suitablity for dispersion of fine-grain pigment and its high storage stability.

Abstract: A contact lens of high water content and extremely high water balance made of a homopolymer or copolymer of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate and methods of making such contact lenses, and polymers and hydrogels useful in such contact lenses.

Abstract: An ultraviolet absorbing base material is disclosed in which a vinyl copolymerizable monomer and a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbing monomer represented by formula (I) or (II) are copolymerized: ##STR1## wherein X represents H or a halogen, R.sub.1 is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represents a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkylene group and R.sub.4 represents H or CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Silicone rubber composition comprising an alkenyl-substituted diorganopolysiloxane, an inorganic filler, an organopolysiloxane that contains at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule, in a quantity that affords a value from 0.4 to 10 for the molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the organopolysiloxane to alkenyl groups in the alkenyl-substituted diorganopolysiloxane, an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, in a quantity that affords a value from 0.01 to 0.5 for the molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen in this component to alkenyl groups in the alkenyl-substituted diorganopolysiloxane, and a platinum catalyst. A fluororesin-covered fixing roll in which a fluororesin layer is placed over the circumference of a roll shaft with a silicone rubber layer interposed between the fluororesin layer and the roll shaft, wherein said silicone rubber composition is formed by curing the silicone rubber composition described above.

Abstract: A degradable copolymer filament comprising an internal structure having the following separate phases: (a) a matrix phase comprised as a primary component of a polymer segment which exhibits a tensile Young's modulus of 2 GPa or less and a strength retention of 50% or more after two weeks in water at 37.degree. C., pH 7.3, and (b) a micro-dispersed phase comprised as a primary component of a polymer segment which exhibits a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more and a strength reduction greater than the matrix phase in water at 37.degree. C., pH 7.3. The weight ratio of each component in the matrix phase and dispersed phase is 50:50 to 95:5, respectively, and the dispersed phase a needle structure oriented by stretching in the fiber direction. A degradable monofilament having an excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, moderate hydrolyzability, high ligature stability and being suitable as a material of surgical absorbable suture can be obtained. A preparation process is also provided.

Abstract: A polyester film, comprising a non-liquid crystal polyester (A) and a copolyester (B) containing mesogen groups in the main chain to form a phase separated structure in the non-liquid crystal polyester (A), and the dispersed domains of the copolyester (B), having forms to satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2):0.02<(I/J)<50 (1)K<1/2.times.S[I, J] (2)where I, J and K are form indicators expressing the average form of the plurality of domains existing in the film: I is the average length of the dispersed domains of the copolyester (B) in the machine direction of the film; J, that in the transverse direction; and K, that in the normal direction: and S is a function for selecting the shorter value of the lengths I and J; if I>J, S[I, J] means J, and if I<J, S[I, J] means I. If the copolyester (B) has such geometrical forms, the polyester film obtained is excellent in rigidity, high toughness, heat shrinkage, clarity, surface properties, long-time thermostability, electric properties, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous thickener compositions for adjusting the rheology of aqueous water-dilutable systems which containA) a polyurethane thickening agent,B) a nonionic emulsifier,C) a compound corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, independently of one another, R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group or a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group,R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group or a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group, andn is an integer from 1 to 6, andD) water and optionally another water-dilutable compound.The present invention also relates to the use of these aqueous thickening compositions for thickening aqueous resin systems.

Abstract: Deaggregated substituted and unsubstitued polyparaphenylenes, polyparaphenylevevinyles, polyanilines, polyazines, polythiophenes, poly-p-phenylene sulfides, polyfuranes, polypyrroles, polysclenophene, polyacetylenes formed from soluble precursors and combinations thereof and copolymers thereof and methods of fabrication are described. The deaggregated polymer molecules when subsequently doped show higher electrical conductivity. Agents such as lithium chloride, m-cresol and nonylphenol are used to deaggregate the polymer molecules. The deaggregating agents can be added prior to or during doping the molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for decreasing dynamic modulus without decreasing hardness in silica tread compounds in tires made in accordance with this method. The tread composition comprises an elastomer including a performance-enhancing package comprising silica, carbon black and a silica replacement. The replacement replaces up to about 40 percent by weight of the silica and yet maintains one or more selected performance properties as if the performance enhancement package were pure carbon black and silica. The replacement is kaolin clay present in conjunction with a silane coupling agent. In the method of the present invention kaolin clay is used as a replacement for about 5 to about 20 parts, by weight, of silica in the compounding of silica tread compounds.

Abstract: A method for producing a fast drying high solids adhesive wherein a water based polymer emulsion (latex) is modified with unemulsified elasticizing oils and reinforcing-tackifying resins to produce a stable emulsion of polymer, oil and resin without the use of additional emulsifiers or volatile organic solvents. When packaged in pressurizable canisters along with a suitable propellant, the adhesive may be sprayed through a suitable nozzle and deposited in a thin layer to form an adhesive film which has excellent bonding characteristics for many laminates such as fabric or textiles, wood, plastics, metals and rubber, and for adhering flooring materials such as carpet, linoleum, tiles and artificial grass to a variety of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing dispersions of watsoluble vinyl polymers and a stabilizer for carrying out this process. Such water-soluble, particularly cationic vinyl polymers, are employed on a large scale as process expediters for carrying out, for instance, separating processes in water treatment or waste-water purification, respectively, in the paper, coal and ore industries, in oil production or also in the food stuff industry, among others, for floculation, coagulation, retention or dewatering. According to the present invention, water-soluble vinyl polymers are homo- or copolymerized in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer of the invention. The stabilizer consists of a graft copolymer whose backbone is formed by polyethylene oxide and its grafted branches of cationic vinyl monomers. Among others, cationic, hydrophobically modified vinyl monomers can be advantageously employed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fast hardening aqueous coating composition comprising from about 95 to about 99 weight percent of an anionically stabilized aqueous emulsion of a copolymer having a Tg of from about 0.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C., the copolymer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, wherein from 0 to about 4 weight percent of the monomers are .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomers; from about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a polyimine having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 20,000; and from about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a volatile base, wherein the composition has a pH from about 8 to about 11, and wherein a cast film of the composition has a hardening rate measurement rating of at least 5 within 20 minutes after casting under ambient conditions of temperature up to 30.degree. C. and relative humidity no less than 50 percent.

Abstract: Preparation of pigment dispersions bya1) subjecting a mixture A comprising a latent pigment and a polymer to thermal, chemical or photolytic treatment andb) then adding a solvent, ora2) subjecting a mixture B comprising a latent pigment, a polymer and a solvent to thermal, chemical or photolytic treatment,new pigment dispersions and new latent pigments, their use in the process according to the invention for preparing the fine pigment dispersions and the use of the dispersions according to the invention for pigmenting high molecular mass material, including color filters.

Abstract: A novel monomer composition for promoting wet adhesion of latex polymers for paints is provided. The composition consists essentially of a monomer having the formula: ##STR1## The preferred monomer is derived from the reaction of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with isophorone diisocyanate followed by reaction of the monourethane product the N-aminoethyl ethylene urea. The monomer is preferably copolymerized in an emulsion polymerization with acrylic and/or vinyl monomers.

Abstract: A capping cement for electric lamps which has a minimal resin content. The capping cement includes both natural and synthetic resins, the content of the synthetic resins amounting to not more than 11 percent by weight and that of the natural resins not more than 5 percent by weight. Calcites are used exclusively as fillers. The weight proportion of natural resin to synthetic resin is advantageously between 0.1 and 0.5.

Abstract: In a method of producing a wet friction material according to the present invention, a water soluble material is dispersed into a raw paper including a fibrous base material, a filler, and a friction adjusting agent. Then, the raw paper is passed through water to dissolve the water soluble material to provide porosity. Thereafter, the raw paper is immersed with thermosetting resin, and heated and hardened to thereby produce a wet friction material.