Abstract: A device for influencing light has a polarizer, a ferroelectric or electroclinic response type liquid crystal halfwave plate whose liquid crystals are in the smectic phase with bookshelf geometry and have molecular axes which are rotatable around a first direction corresponding to the direction of incoming light in response to an electric field applied across the electrodes on either side of the halfwave plate, a quarter wave retarder plate, and a mirror. The polarizer, plates and mirror are arranged such that incoming light is passed from the polarizer through the liquid crystal plate and the retarder plate, and is reflected by the mirror in a second direction opposite to the first direction back through the retarder and the liquid crystal plate so as to provide a reflected polarized light plane to the polarizer.

Abstract: A paper-white reflective display that has improved photopic white reflectance, a high contrast, a lack of haze or opaqueness when viewed from various viewing angles and lower drive voltages. The paper-white reflective display includes first and second substrates, a plurality of groups of liquid crystal and polymer layers located between the first and second substrates, each of the plurality of groups of liquid crystal and polymer layers being reflective of different wavelengths of light and a voltage source connected between the first and second substrates that selectively applies a voltage to all of the liquid crystal and polymer layers.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display element is provided with the steps of: arranging a pair of insulating substrates face to face with each other and bonding them to each other, each of the insulating substrates having electrodes formed thereon with an alignment film formed in a manner so as to cover the electrodes; and filling the gap between the two substrates with a mixture that is made by mixing a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) composition with isotropic micro structural elements that locally give different threshold-value characteristics to liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal layer in which the isotropic micro structural elements are formed into a striped organization with the isotropic micro structural elements being sandwiched between smectic layers of the FLC composition.

Abstract: A pixel electrode and a counter electrode of an active matrix liquid crystal display unit are respectively covered with orientation layers differently rubbed, one end portion of the pixel electrode forms an accumulating capacitor together with a gate line and a gate insulating layer inserted therebetween, and the one end portion is varied in width along the gate line so as to confine a disclination line into the liquid crystal over the gate line.

Abstract: To make a display device compact and to provide an inexpensive, simple-structured display device. A structure where a terminal tip portion of a COF substrate is held folded down with a spacer sandwiched therebetween and is connected with a display element. A single COF is connected with a plurality of sides of the display element.

Abstract: In order to prevent a liquid crystal display (LCD) from being damaged by electrostatic discharge, a plurality of static voltage discharging circuits are provided within the display. The LCD includes a first and second transparent substrates provided in a manner wherein they oppose each other and are spaced apart by a predetermined distance. The first substrate has one surface on which a color filter is deposited. The color filter is entirely covered with a common electrode. The second substrate carries a plurality of pixel electrodes in matrix and a plurality of thin film transistors. Another electrode is deposited at a periphery of one surface of the second transparent substrate. A plurality of lines, for thin film transistors, including column and row lines are deposited on the one surface of the second transparent substrate. The plurality of lines respectively extend to the corresponding thin film transistors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a display region which is provided with a display pixel driving element, a drain driver which is arranged at least on a part around the display region for supplying a video signal to the display pixel driving element of the display region, a gate driver which is arranged at least on a part around the display region for supplying a scanning signal to the display pixel driving element of the display region, a drain line which is provided to connect the display region with the drain driver, and an additional capacitive electrode which is provided on a region between the display region and the drain driver.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel that can improve alignment stability, display uniformity, and display quality. By facilitating stable alignment of liquid crystal materials and inducing a twisted alignment, a uniform display can be provided and the balance among the optical characteristics can be improved. In particular, a stable alignment margin can be obtained when the cell thickness d is 7 .mu.m or more and when the twist angle for liquid crystal molecules is 240.degree. or less.

Abstract: In an active matrix display device integrated with a peripheral drive circuit using thin film transistors, when Vgr is a voltage required for one gradation, Ct is capacitance of all pixels, Cgd is capacitance between a gate and a drain, .DELTA.Vg is a difference between ON/OFF gate voltages, and .DELTA.Vs is a feedthrough voltage, the respective parameters satisfy an expression: .vertline.Vgr.vertline.>.vertline.(1/Ct) [Cgd.multidot..DELTA.Vg-Ct.multidot..DELTA.Vs].vertline.. According to this, even if dispersion occurs in the characteristics of the thin film transistors arranged for a buffer circuit or an active matrix circuit, it is possible to prevent the dispersion from influencing the gradation display.

Abstract: A backlight device having a light source, a waveguide provided close to the light source, this waveguide being a wedge-shaped waveguide so constructed that the incident light from the light source can be greatly changed in its direction and made to exit therefrom, a polarizing beam splitter provided on the light-exiting side of the wedge-shaped waveguide, and a light converter disposed on the light-exiting side of the polarizing beam splitter. This backlight device is used for liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: A color separation optical plate is described which is superimposed onto a transmissive LCD panel. The color separation plate separates incident white light into its red/green/blue (RGB) components and guides each component through the appropriate sub-pixel (dot) of the LCD panel. The color separation plate utilizes a microprism array of direct vision microprisms each having a combination of refractive and gradient index optics to concentrate the light onto the appropriate dot and to separate the colors. This combination has the theoretical capability of increasing color LCD panel transmissivity by as much as a factor of six.

Abstract: A new liquid crystalline light modulating cell and material are characterized by liquid crystalline light modulating material of liquid crystal and polymer, the liquid crystal being a chiral nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and including chiral material in an amount effective to form focal conic and twisted planar textures, the polymer being distributed in phase separated domains in the liquid crystal cell in an amount that permits the liquid crystal to change textures upon the application of a field and ruggedizes the structure. In still another embodiment, the material exhibits stability at zero field in a colored, light reflecting state, a light scattering state and multiple stable reflecting state therebetween, as well as being optically clear in the presence of a field. In yet another embodiment, the application of mechanical force to the cell changes the material from an optically clear state to a light reflecting state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus has an active matrix liquid crystal display provided with a plurality of liquid crystal displaying devices arranged in a horizontal and a vertical direction to form a matrix. The apparatus further includes a horizontal driver provided along rows of the devices, a first vertical driver provided along the leftmost column of the devices and a second vertical driver provided along the rightmost column of the devices. The horizontal driver supplies video signals to the devices by scanning the devices left to right or right to left in a direction of the rows. The first vertical driver supplies control signals to the liquid crystal display to turn on the devices from the leftmost to the rightmost column of the devices when the horizontal driver scans the devices left to right in the direction of the rows.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a liquid crystal display system comprising a liquid crystal display ("LCD") having a plurality of pixels. Moreover, the system comprises an illuminator for illuminating each of said plurality of pixels. The illuminator comprises an optical fiber for transmitting a light beam within said fiber, and a number of discrete scattering sites positioned along the fiber for scattering a portion of the light beam outside said fiber. The number of discrete scattering sites are optically coupled with the plurality of pixels such that the plurality of pixels are illuminated by the light beam scattered outside the fiber through the number of discrete scattering sites.

Abstract: An electro-optical backlighting panel construction for use in portable computer-based systems having direct and projection viewing modes of operation. In the illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the electro-optical backlighting panel is integrated with a LCD display panel, a micropolarization panel, and a touch-screen writing panel to provide several different types of portable computer-based systems including, for example, a portable notebook computer, a computer-driven image display device, and a portable pen-computing device. In general, each of these computer-based systems are capable of selectively displaying color video images on an actively driven display surface, or projecting such video images onto a wall surface or projection screen. These computer-based systems can be easily reconfigured for projection viewing without any sort of physical modification to the LCD display panel assembly.

Abstract: A so-called in-plane electric field type color liquid crystal display device employs the following configuration in order to minimize smear. Groups of row-direction arrayed unit pixels are staggered one-half pitch of the unit pixels from the adjacent row-direction arrayed unit pixel groups. Three adjoining unit pixels are selected from two adjacent row-direction arrayed unit pixel groups so that they straddle these two unit pixel groups, and the three selected adjoining unit pixels are assigned three primary colors respectively.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for providing human visual physiology with a perceived continuous image of a fast-moving object formed by a series of visual pulses each followed by a period of visual blockage where the frequency of these repetitive pulses/blockages is selectively adjusted to be close to the actual flicker fusion frequency of the observer at the perceived brightness of the visual pulses. The objective of this method is to provide the observer with enhanced visual. perception of fast-moving objects. The method and apparatus presented is intended for use under natural lighting conditions and continuous artificial lighting conditions and is accomplished by spectacles with optical shutter lenses. The lenses are alternately opened to provide the wearer with an unhampered view of the surroundings and then closed to block out the view and as much light transmissibility as possible.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal panel is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes: a display data transformer for receiving input image data for one frame, for dividing a selection period for each row electrode in the frame into subframes of a number equal to or greater than a number of gray-scale bits representing a gray-scale level of the input image data, the scanning signal being applied to the row electrode during the corresponding selection period, and for generating binary display data in which respective binary data is associated with each subframe according to the gray-scale bits.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display which enables the enhancement of the numerical aperture with a characteristic of a wide angle of visibility provided in constitution for driving liquid crystal by a lateral electric field, the present invention is characterized in that liquid crystal is arranged between a pair of substrates, plural gate wirings and plural source wirings are provided mutually perpendicularly on the opposite surface of either of the above substrates, a thin film transistor is provided in the vicinity of each intersection of the above gate wiring and the above source wiring, a pixel electrode driven by the thin film transistor and a common electrode for applying a lateral electric field to the liquid crystal in a direction along the above substrate surface in cooperation with the above each pixel electrode and forming plural pixel electrodes are provided, insulating layers are provided between the common electrode and the gate wiring and an electrode part along the gate wiring of the common el

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to attain proper display free from improper display conditions, such as crosstalk, improper contrast and uneven display. Another object is to obtain a high aperture ratio by reducing a margin for bonding. Light shielding films are used to cover the overlap portion of the source electrode and the semiconductor layer and the overlap portion of the drain electrode and the semiconductor layer of a bottom gate type TFT device, such as a staggered type. This structure can suppress off-current due to light leakage, and can prevent deterioration of display quality.