Abstract: A urea-urethane compound having one or more urea groups and one or more urethane groups in the molecular structure, the number of said urea groups (A) and the number of said urethane groups (B) satisfying the following numerical formula: 10?(A+B)?3 wherein each of A and B is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new, advantageous method for the preparation of dialkyl ?-fluoromalonates.

Abstract: Fermentation of a nutrient medium with a eubacterium Streptomyces sp. yields a novel antibacterial compound of structural formula (I).

Abstract: A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid in the absence of propane as an inert diluent gas, in which, in the starting reaction gas mixture, cyclopropane is substantially avoided as an impurity and crude propylene is used additionally as a propylene source.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 4-alkoxy-cyclohexane-1-amino-carboxylic esters of the formula (IV) in which R1 and R2 are as defined in the description, to intermediates and processes for their preparation and to their use as intermediates in the synthesis of insecticidal, acaricidal and herbicidal compounds or pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A system and process for separating methacrolein (MA) from methacrylic acid (MAA) and acetic acid in the gas phase product from partial oxidation of isobutylene (IB) in two oxidation steps is disclosed. The process and system maximize recovery of all three components at minimum capital and energy cost, under conditions that minimize polymerization conditions and plugging by solids deposition in compressors, columns, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cinnamic acid dimers, their preparation and the use thereof for treating neurodegenerative disease, which have excellent effect on enhancing the learning and memory-retention ability in vivo and have fewer side-effects by showing no hormone properties, even when administered for a long period of time, and thus which can be used for neurodegenerative disease including dementia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of lipophilic diesters of the chelating agent 1,2-bis(2 aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N?,N?-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) for inhibition of proteolytic activities of certain metalloproteinases and of calpain. The invention further relates to methods for preventing, treating or managing MMP-related and calpain-related diseases or disorders in mammals comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of said lipophilic diesters of the chelating agent BAPTA.

Abstract: A catalytic process for preparing aliphatic straight-chain and ?-alkyl-branched carboxylic acids of 5 to 13 carbon atoms by catalytic oxidation of the corresponding aldehydes by means of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system contains alkali metal carboxylates or alkaline earth metal carboxylates or a mixture thereof in an amount, calculated as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, of 0.5 mmol to 15 mmol per mol of aldehyde used and also metals of groups 4 to 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, cerium or lanthanum in amounts of not more than 5 ppm, based on the aldehyde used, or compounds of such metals, with the catalyst system being the reaction product from an aldehyde oxidation reaction.

Abstract: A method for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial direct oxidation of propane to acrylic acid in the gas phase, in which the reaction gas inlet mixture comprises cyclopropane as an impurity and the acrylic acid, after it has been converted from the product gas mixture into the liquid phase, is operated from the other constituents of the liquid phase with the aid of a separation by crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined hereinabove. The compounds of the present invention are modulators, especially antagonists, of the activity of chemokine CCR5 receptors. Modulators of the CCR5 receptor may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and conditions, and in the treatment of infection by HIV and genetically related retroviruses.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed. The process comprises carbonylating methanol to form a reaction mixture comprising a catalyst, catalyst stabilizer, acetic acid, methanol, methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, and carbon monoxide and introducing at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a distillation column to separate into a bottom steam comprising the catalyst and catalyst stabilizer, a sidedraw stream comprising acetic acid and water, and an overhead stream comprising methanol, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, and water. The process of the invention eliminates the use of flash tank.

Abstract: A method for removing hydrocarbon impurities from an acetic acid production process is disclosed. The method comprises distilling at least a portion of the heavy organic phase from the decanter of the acetic acid production process into a vapor stream comprising the majority of methyl iodide (i.e., over 50% of the methyl iodide from the heavy organic phase) and a bottoms stream comprising the majority of acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide and the hydrocarbon impurity (i.e., over 50% of each of the components from the heavy organic phase); extracting the bottoms stream with water, an acetic acid aqueous solution, or with a methanol aqueous solution to form an organic phase comprising the majority of the hydrocarbon impurity (over 50% of the hydrocarbon impurity from the bottom stream) and an aqueous phase comprising the majority of methyl iodide (over 50% of the methyl iodide from the bottoms stream); and recycling the aqueous phase to the carbonylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of gabapentin tannate in solid dosage form, processes for production of those compositions and methods of use of those compositions. Tannate salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients are used in sustained release applications and to improve certain organoleptic properties such as taste. The process may utilize either natural or synthetic tannic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for purifying a hydroxycarboxylic acid, comprising: a crystallization step of subjecting a hydroxycarboxylic acid aqueous solution to crystallization for purification, a separation step of separating a hydroxycarboxylic acid crystal from a mother liquid, and a washing step of washing the hydroxycarboxylic acid crystal for further purification with a washing liquid, wherein the washing liquid is a hydroxycarboxylic acid aqueous solution. The purified or refined hydroxycarboxylic acid obtained through the above process is suitably used as a starting material for production of a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid. The above process is suitably included in a process for producing a cyclic ester and a process for producing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: There is provided a process for efficiently producing an anti form of an optically active ?-hydroxy-?-aminocarboxylic acid derivative that is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The process for producing optically active ?-hydroxy-?-aminocarboxylic acid derivative of formula (2) or (3) therein R1 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-20 alkyl group, or substituted or unsubstituted C4-12 aromatic group, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-20 alkyl group, or substituted or unsubstituted C4-12 aromatic group, comprising subjecting an ?-aminoacyl acetic acid ester compound of formula (1) wherein R1 and R2 have the same meaning as the above, to hydrogenation by catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation in the presence of an acid by using as a catalyst a rhodium complex containing as a ligand an optically active compound of formula (4), (4?) or (5) characterized in that the hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of an acetic acid salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized system for more efficiently and economically producing terephthalic acid. The system employs an evaporative removal step downstream of oxidative digestion. The evaporative removal step removes a portion of the liquid phase and promotes precipitation of certain aromatic impurities. By promoting precipitation of certain aromatic impurities, the amount of the precipitated impurities in the recycled solvent is advantageously reduced.

Abstract: An annular unsupported catalyst for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propene to acrolein at a propene hourly space velocity on the fixed catalyst bed of ?120 1 (STP)/1·h and a total CO2 and saturated hydrocarbon content of the starting reaction gas mixture of below 15 mol %, the catalysts of the fixed catalyst bed are the annular unsupported catalysts whose active composition is a multimetal oxide in which the molar Co/Fe ratio=from 2 to 4 and the molar Co/Mo ratio=from 0.3 to 0.7.

Abstract: Novel ligand compounds having the structural formula (I): in which: Ar is a radical selected from among the radicals of formulae (a)-(c) below: are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions suited for administration in human or veterinary medicine, or, alternatively into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ionic liquids comprising a docusate, docusate variant, or other sulfonate anion. The ionic liquids may be conveniently made via, for example, metathesis. The ionic liquids are often hydrophobic and useful in many hydrocarbon compositions, polymer compositions, and in supercritical carbon dioxide applications. The ionic liquids are capable of hindering static electricity buildup in the hydrocarbon compositions and can therefore minimize flammability and/or explosiveness.