Abstract: This disclosure relates to treating a connective tissue injury. The treatment involves injecting, or otherwise administering, a therapeutic composition into an animal, such as a human being, in need thereof. The therapeutic composition may contain transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) and/or transforming growth factor ? 2 (TGF-?2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or a secondary agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the co-production and isolation of mycoprotein and ethanol from carbohydrate feedstock material (e.g cereals). The present invention also provides a fermentation system for the co-production of mycoprotein from a carbohydrate feedstock material.

Abstract: The present application provides for compositions comprising high concentrations of acid a-glucosidase in combination with an active site-specific chaperone for the acid ?-glucosidase, and methods for treating Pompe disease in a subject in need thereof, that includes a method of administering to the subject such compositions. The present application also provides methods for increasing the in vitro and in vivo stability of an acid ?-glucosidase enzyme formulation.

Abstract: A method produces xylo-oligosaccharides from a biomass containing xylan and cellulose, which method is convenient and has a high yield of xylo-oligosaccharides because of inhibition of degradation of xylo-oligosaccharides into xylose. In the method of producing xylo-oligosaccharides, a biomass containing xylan and cellulose is hydrolyzed with a cellulase composition having at least activities of xylanase, cellobiohydrolase and ?-glucosidase and substantially free of ?-xylosidase activity during hydrolysis.

Abstract: A low-cost process is provided to render lignocellulosic biomass accessible to cellulase enzymes, to produce fermentable sugars. Some variations provide a process to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (such as sugarcane bagasse or corn stover), comprising introducing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock to a single-stage digestor; exposing the feedstock to a reaction solution comprising steam or liquid hot water within the digestor, to solubilize the hemicellulose in a liquid phase and to provide a cellulose-rich solid phase; refining the cellulose-rich solid phase, together with the liquid phase, in a mechanical refiner, thereby providing a mixture of refined cellulose-rich solids and the liquid phase; enzymatically hydrolyzing the mixture in a hydrolysis reactor with cellulase enzymes, to generate fermentable sugars; and fermenting the fermentable sugars to produce ethanol. Many alternative process configurations are described.

Abstract: Microbiome compositions and uses thereof. The microbiome compositions include a set of microbes. The sets of microbes contain members of Lactobacillaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae. The number of individual physical microbes in the set constitutes a certain percentage of the total number of individual physical microbes in the microbiome composition. The microbiome compositions can be used for producing medium-chain fatty acids from organic substrates through anaerobic fermentation in a medium. The medium can include lignocellulosic stillage.

Abstract: A process for producing an organic aliphatic product (such as butanol) from lignocellulosic biomass is provided, comprising: (a) fractionating lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of a solvent for lignin, a hydrolysis catalyst, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; (b) washing the cellulose-rich solids and separating the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; (c) enzymatically hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to generate a hydrolysate comprising glucose; (d) detoxifying the hydrolysate by neutralizing the hydrolysate, removing insoluble solids, and removing or oxidizing residual hydrolysis catalyst, thereby generating a purified hydrolysate; (e) fermenting the purified hydrolysate using a suitable microorganism to produce a dilute organic aliphatic product, wherein the microorganism is recycled with a membrane; (f) extracting the dilute organic aliphatic product into a water-immiscible extractant, to generate an intermediate material; and (g) disti

Abstract: A method of generating retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) culturing human pluripotent stem cells in a human feeder cell-conditioned medium to obtain a cultured population of human pluripotent stem cells; (b) culturing said cultured population of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium comprising a differentiating agent to obtain differentiating cells; and (c) culturing said differentiating cells in a medium comprising one or more members of the TGF? superfamily.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nutritional composition comprising an oligosaccharide mixture, said oligosaccharide mixture comprising at least one N-acetylated oligosaccharide, one galacto-oligosaccharide and one sialylated oligosaccharide for use in preventing and/or treating allergy symptoms in an infant or a young child, by increasing SFCA production, in particular colonic acetate, propionate and/or butyrate, in said infant or young children.

Abstract: Microorganisms and bioprocesses are provided that convert gaseous substrates, such as renewable H2 and waste CO2 producer gas, or syngas into high-protein biomass that may be used directly for human nutrition, or as a nutrient for plants, fungi, or other microorganisms, or as a source of soil carbon, nitrogen, and other mineral nutrients. Renewable H2 used in the processes described herein may be generated by electrolysis using solar or wind power. Producer gas used in the processes described herein may be derived from sources that include gasification of waste feedstock and/or biomass residue, waste gas from industrial processes, or natural gas, biogas, or landfill gas.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. A solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process. A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation.

Abstract: Provided is a large-scale cell culture system for producing products without harming animals. Also provided is a method for making meat products using this cell culture system. Further provided is a method for making personal care products using this cell culture system, as well as a method for making nutritional supplements using this cell culture system.

Abstract: Provided herein are scaffold biomaterials comprising a decellularised plant or fungal tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids of the tissue are removed, the decellularised plant or fungal tissue comprising a cellulose- or chitin-based 3-dimensional porous structure. Methods for preparing such scaffold biomaterials, as well as uses thereof as an implantable scaffold for supporting animal cell growth, for promoting tissue regeneration, for promoting angiogenesis, for a tissue replacement procedure, and/or as a structural implant for cosmetic surgery are also provided. Therapeutic treatment and/or cosmetic methods employing such scaffolds are additionally described.

Abstract: A fermentation product manufacturing process includes fermenting under fermentation conditions in an aqueous fermentation medium in a fermentation reactor a carbohydrate source with a microorganism capable of converting the carbohydrate into a fermentation product which is a salt or a product with a boiling point above the boiling point of water, during the process withdrawing part of the medium including biomass from the reactor in the form of a recycle stream, providing the stream including biomass to a pressure vessel wherein the pressure is such that the temperature of the stream decreases 1-8° C., as compared to the temperature of the medium in the reactor, by the evaporation of water, and recycling the cooled recycle stream to the reactor. The process makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous temperature profile of the fermentation medium with limited occurrence of hot or cool spots within the reactor which results in improved fermentation performance.

Abstract: A composition that can be used to treat a wide spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, including but not limited to those in biofilm form, and other microbes can be used in cilia-containing areas such as the sinus cavities and middle/inner ear, while resulting in no, or very minimal amounts of, deciliation. Where such a targeted treatment area includes a biofilm, the composition often can detach and assist in removing the biofilm from affected tissue. Many embodiments of the composition are biocompatible.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to construct a more excellent glucose sensor, and to provide GDH more suitable for the glucose sensor. Provided is FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase in which the range of molecular weight distribution observed by SDS-PAGE is within 50 kDa when viewed in a molecular weight distribution in which the relative value of band intensity exceeds 60% of the maximum value.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions that improve the success of organ transplantation. The methods and compositions are directed to exposing a desired organ to stem cells prior to, during, and/or after transplantation. In one embodiment, the stem cells reduce the deleterious effects of ischemia on an organ designated to be harvested for transplantation or that has been harvested for transplantation. In another embodiment in which an organ designated for transplantation is perfused ex vivo, the method involves reducing ischemic reperfusion injury by perfusing the organ with a medium that contains stem cells.

Abstract: A method of generating retinal pigment epithelium cells is disclosed. Cell populations comprising same and uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel isolated bacterial strains, which are members of the genus Paenibacillus, originally isolated from soil and showing antagonistic activity against a broad range of pathogens and being capable of producing antimicrobial metabolites. It was found that the strains Lu16774 and Lu17007 belong to a novel subspecies named Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum while the strain Lu17015 belongs to a novel species which is proposed to be Paenibacillus epiphyticus. The present invention also relates to microbial pesticide compositions comprising at least one of such novel bacterial strains, whole culture broth or a cell-free extract or a fraction thereof or at least one metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of at least one of said novel bacterial strains having all the identifying characteristics of the respective bacterial strain or whole culture broth, cell-free extract, fraction and/or metabolite of the mutant thereof showing antagonistic activity against plant pathogens.