Abstract: An aqueous hypochlorous acid production process is disclosed wherein the precipitate formed upon carbonating electrolytic cathode cell liquor is contacted in a fluidized bed with a mixture of gaseous chlorine and water vapor and the exit gas from the fluidized bed is absorbed in water.

Abstract: Particulate red phosphorus is obtained by thermal conversion of white phosphorus in an essentially dry process in which liquid white phosphorus is injected onto a bed of red phosphorus particles preheated to a temperature above the thermal conversion temperature while controlling the heat generation.

Abstract: The method for the treatment of phosphate rock that has a content of magnesium compounds in excess of 0.3%. The crushed and screened phosphate rock is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5 by weight. The mixture is acidified with sulphuric acid, and the reaction mixture is filtered and washed before the neutralization point is reached.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfurous by-product materials from high temperature reaction products of chemical processes consisting essentially in:(1) passing a simple or complex metal oxide in the form of a coarsely divided powder entrained in a conveying gas through a high energy transfer zone whereby said powder is heated to a degree sufficient to vaporize said powder and said powder is substantially vaporized to form a hot effluent stream of metal oxide vapor,(2) injecting said hot effluent stream of metal oxide vapor into a gaseous reaction product, including sulfurous by-product materials, from an elevated temperature chemical process,(3) allowing said metal oxide vapor to condense to solid particles with reaction with said sulfurous by-product materials to fix the sulfur content thereof in the form of solid particles, and(4) separating said solid particles containing substantially all of the sulfur content of said sulfurous by-product materials from said gaseous reaction product.

Abstract: Hot reducing gas is desulfurized by contacting the gas with a desulfurizing agent comprising a bed of porous manganese oxide pellets, then regenerating the spent desulfurizing agent by contacting the bed with a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere and then reusing the regenerated desulfurizing agent under the above mentioned conditions for desulfurizing hot reducing gas. The temperature of the bed of pellets is between about 500.degree. C. and about 1300.degree. C. during both the desulfurization and the regeneration steps.

Abstract: Ammonia synthesis processes are disclosed which provide enhanced conversion of hydrogen values to ammonia. In the processes, a purge stream from an ammonia synthesis loop, which purge stream contains ammonia, is contacted at a superatmospheric pressure with the feed side of a separation membrane which exhibits selective permeation of each of hydrogen and ammonia as compared to the permeation of each of methane and argon. A total pressure differential across the membrane is maintained to provide a driving force for the permeation of hydrogen and ammonia through the membrane. A hydrogen-rich permeating gas which contains ammonia is obtained on the permeate exit side of the membrane. The permeating gas is combined with the gas in the ammonia synthesis loop and passed to the ammonia synthesis reaction zone for conversion to ammonia. Ammonia which permeates the membrane can be recovered by the means to remove product ammonia from the gas in the synthesis loop.

Abstract: Ammonia synthesis processes are disclosed which provide enhanced recovery of hydrogen from ammonia synthesis purge streams by selective permeation. The enhanced recovery of hydrogen can provide increased conversion of hydrogen values to ammonia. In the processes, a purge stream from an ammonia synthesis loop at a superatmospheric pressure is passed to at least two permeator stages in series. Each permeator stage contains a separation membrane which exhibits selective permeation of hydrogen as compared to the permeation of each of methane and argon. A total pressure differential is maintained across the thickness of the separation membrane to provide a driving force for the permeation of hydrogen across the separation membrane of each of the permeator stages. Hydrogen permeates through the membrane, and a hydrogen-rich permeating gas is obtained on a permeate exit side of each of the permeator stages. The permeating gas from each of the permeator stages is recycled to the ammonia synthesis reaction zone.

Abstract: Addition of sodium naphthaleneformaldehyde sulfonate to phosphate rock slurry in manufacture of phosphoric acid by the wet process permits reduction of the viscosity and/or water content of the slurry so that increased pumpability of the slurry is obtained.

Abstract: Alkali metal iodates are converted to the corresponding periodate by contacting the iodate with a hydroxide of the same or different alkali metal and an oxygen containing gas at temperatures of from 150.degree. C. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: Ammonia synthesis processes are disclosed which provide enhanced conversion of hydrogen values to ammonia. In the processes, a purge stream from an ammonia synthesis loop is treated to reduce its ammmonia content to less than about 0.5 volume percent. The purge stream is then contacted at a pressure of at least substantially the superatmospheric synthesis pressure of the ammonia synthesis with the feed side of a separation membrane which exhibits selective permeation of hydrogen as compared to the permeation of each of methane and argon. A total pressure differential is maintained across the membrane to provide a driving force for hydrogen permeation through the membrane. A hydrogen-rich permeating gas is obtained on the permeate exit side of the membrane. The permeating gas is combined with gas passing to the ammonia synthesis reaction zone for conversion to ammonia. For instance, the permeating gas can be combined with synthesis feed gas or directly introduced into the ammonia synthesis loop.

Abstract: A method of producing NF.sub.4 PF.sub.6 by a displacement reaction between NF.sub.4 BF.sub.4 and PF.sub.5.

Abstract: An improved startup procedure for the synthesis of ammonia in which preheated feed streams of desulfurized hydrocarbon gas, steam and air are routed through an ammonia train having a primary and secondary reformer, a high and low temperature CO shifter, a CO.sub.2 removal system, a methanator and a synthesis converter system. The improvement comprises simultaneously heating the primary and secondary reformers with steam while heating the low temperature CO shifter with preheated desulfurized hydrocarbon gas. After these systems have been heated sufficiently, feed streams of preheated desulfurized hydrocarbon gas and steam are injected into the reformers along with the addition of air into the secondary reformer to produce reformed gas which is then used to preheat the high temperature CO shifter. Simultaneously, exhaust gas from the low temperature CO shifter along with a portion of the gas converted in the high temperature CO shifter is used to preheat the CO.sub.2 removal system.

Abstract: A method of purifying extracted phosphoric acid containing substantially no metallic impurities which comprises:(a) adjusting the phosphoric acid concentration to from 20 to 65 wt.% as P.sub.2 O.sub.5,(b) adjusting the Si/F atomic ratio in said extracted phosphoric acid to less than 0.2; and(c) contacting said extracted phosphoric acid with silica gel at a temperature of 20.degree.-100.degree. C. to remove the dissolved silica from said extracted phosphoric acid; and(d) recovering extracted phosphoric acid having a reduced silica content.

Abstract: Impure wet-process phosphoric acid is treated with urea by known processes to produce relatively pure urea phosphate which is then treated with oxalic acid to give solid urea oxalate and purified phosphoric acid product. The urea oxalate is either treated with ammonia to give urea and ammonium oxalate or it is pyrolyzed to produce urea and oxamide.

Abstract: Tris-tetrafluorammonium hexafluoraluminate, (NF.sub.4).sub.3 AlF.sub.6, a new compound, is synthesized by forming a mixture of solid aluminum trichloride in a solution of a molar excess tetrafluorammonium bifluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, at a temperature of about -78.degree. C. or less. The mix is then rapidly heated to a temperature of about 40.degree. C. to the decomposition temperature of the product until all the solids dissolve. The solution containing the dissolved aluminum trichloride is evaporated under vacuum conditions to cause crystallization of (NF.sub.4).sub.3 AlF.sub.6.

Abstract: A method for hydrolyzing urea in aqueous solutions such as waste-water streams which comprises heating the aqueous solution containing urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of vanadium pentoxide for sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to effect hydrolysis of substantially all of the urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for obtaining hydroxylammonium salts from aqueous solutions containing hydroxylammonium salts in mixture with ammonium and/or sodium salts. Said solutions are contacted with a water immiscible organic solution containing a cation exchange compound of structure R.sub.1 COOX, or (R.sub.2 O)(R.sub.3 O)POOX, or (R.sub.2 O)PO(OX).sub.2, or mixtures thereof and optionally an additive of structure R.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 PO, or (R.sub.4 O)(R.sub.5 O)(R.sub.6 O)PO, or mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group of from twelve to twenty carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl groups of from six to eighteen carbon atoms, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are alkyl groups of from three to twelve carbon atoms, and X is H, Na or NH.sub.4, whereby hydroxylammonium ions are preferentially extracted from the aqueous phase in exchange for X from the organic phase.

Abstract: Hot reducing gas is desulfurized by contacting the gas with a desulfurizing agent comprising a bed of sintered, porous pellets, comprising the reaction product of manganese oxide and aluminum oxide, then regenerating the spent desulfurizing agent by contacting the bed with a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere and then reusing the regenerated desulfurizing agent under the above mentioned conditions for desulfurizing hot reducing gas. The temperature of the bed of pellets is between about 500.degree. C. and about 1300.degree. C. during both the desulfurization and the regeneration steps. The invention relates to the pellets and to the processes of making and using these pellets.

Abstract: Treatment of wet process phosphoric acid to inhibit post-precipitation by steps including addition of an aluminum silicate material such as perlite or the like to dilute acid from which a major portion of solids has been removed, concentration of the resulting dilute acid, and removal of resulting precipitate.

Abstract: N.sub.2 F.sub.4 and SbF.sub.5 react in anhydrous HF to produce N.sub.2 F.sub.3 SbF.sub.6. The salt is useful as a burn rate modifier in NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generators.