Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide is commercially produced by reacting in the vapor phase ammonia, air, and a hydrocarbon gas, e.g., natural gas, in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst. The operation of this process to obtain optimum hydrogen cyanide production is accomplished by determining HCN production at various natural gas feed rates, i.e., varying the air/natural gas ratio, while maintaining a constant air/ammonia ratio. Once the production peak is located, the natural gas feed is maintained at the corresponding rate.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide scrubber for use with sulfur compound analyzers effectively removes hydrogen sulfide from gas streams, such as ambient air, without removing substantial amounts of other sulfur compounds, particularly sulfur dioxide. The scrubber employs a bed of silver sulfate, silver nitrate, or silver iodide and operates effectively over wide temperature and humidity ranges without requiring temperature control, with minimal interference from ozone, and operates at flow rates employed by conventional sulfur analyzers without excessive pressure drops.

Abstract: A convenient batch process for producing anhydrous sodium dithionite at high productivity by reduction of sulfur dioxide with formate ion in aqueous methanolic solution is described in which sodium carbonate, in the form of a dry powder, is the source of alkali. Minimum amounts of water, in which sodium formate is dissolved, and of methanol, in which sulfur dioxide is dissolved, are used. In one aspect, SO.sub.2 -methanol solution, aqueous sodium formate solution, and powdered sodium carbonate are added to a methanol puddle solution, obtained from a preceding run which contains methyl formate in an equilibrium amount which is usually 4-8%, according to specific schedules which are proportioned to the rate of solution of sodium carbonate in the aqueous methanolic solvent and to the rates of reaction of sulfur dioxide with sodium carbonate and with sodium formate to form sodium metabisulfite.

Abstract: The storage stability of strong or concentrated, aqueous solutions of cyanamide, even those conventionally stabilized with acid, is enhanced by small amounts of lower alkyl esters of carboxylic acids having preferably a pK.sub.a.sup.25.degree. value of 3.8 or less.

Abstract: A method for purifying a spent hydrofluoric acid etching solution containing siliceous by-products which comprises treating the solution with a weak anion exchange resin of the polyamine type to remove SiF.sub.6.sup.= ions therefrom is described. The anion exchange resin may be regenerated with aqueous NaOH.

Abstract: Recovery of high purity aluminum chloride is achieved by use of a series of condensers wherein the first condenser is operated at a high temperature of 80.degree.-110.degree. C to insure minimum condensation of other metal chlorides such as titanium chloride, silicon chloride, or the like, while a second condenser operates at a much lower temperature of from 20.degree.-50.degree. C to trap all impurities while reducing the chloride losses to a minimum. The product of the first condenser may then be used as a feed for the electrolytic reduction of aluminum chloride to metallic aluminum.

Abstract: Cubic calcium carbonate crystals of uniform size are prepared by contacting with CO.sub.2 a starting aqueous suspension containing Ca(OH).sub.2 and cubic CaCO.sub.3 crystals less than 0.1.mu.m in size, adding Ca(OH).sub.2 to the suspension resulting from the first step and contacting the resultant mixture with CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treating scrap metal chips and turnings containing a valuable metal layer of silver, gold, or copper and a ductile layer of ferritic steel or ductile iron to recover the valuable metal. The chips and turnings are treated by carburization and quenching to embrittle the steel layers and then crushed converting the steel to a small mesh powder which can be screened from larger sized agglomerates of valuable metal insensitive to the embrittling process.

Abstract: Process of oxidizing halides, including mixtures thereof, with oxygen, oxygen-containing gases and/or oxygen-liberating substances in a combustion chamber, whereby the vapor pressure of the halides at introduction to the combustion or oxidation chamber is greater than the pressure within the combustion chamber. Recovery of halides at greater purity with substantial decrease of by-product deposits on operating equipment is realized.

Abstract: There is disclosed a countercurrent multi-stage process for separating an organic solvent from a phosphoric acid solvent solution by the addition of an alkali material such that the ratio of Na.sub.2 O to P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in the water phase in each stage is from 0.45:1 to 0.90:1 whereby substantially all the organic solvent is recovered from the starting solution in the final stage of the extractor.

Abstract: Process for the production of gaseous hydrogen chloride by extraction of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid with amines.(a) The aqueous hydrochloric acid is extracted with an amine or with a mixture of an amine and an inert organic solvent which is immiscible with water and has a lower boiling point than the amine employed, the amines utilized being tertiary alkyl amines, tertiary aryl dialkyl amines, secondary arylalkyl amines, primary alkylaryl amines, or mixtures thereof, which contain 14-32 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bound side chains, and among these at most one nitrogen-bound methyl group and at least one aliphatic residue containing at least 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the acid constant K.sub.a of the amine is smaller than 10.sup.-3.(b) An inert, water-immiscible organic solvent which has a lower boiling point than the amine employed is added to the extract, unless the solvent has already been added in stage (a).

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia at elevated temperature and pressure whereby unconverted ammonia, substantially free of carbon dioxide and water is recovered from a urea and ammonium carbamate containing liquid process stream. An urea and ammonium carbamate containing process stream is expanded to a pressure of between about 1 and 25 kg/cm.sup.2 absolute and heated, thereby decomposing ammonium carbamate and forming a gas mixture containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Abstract: A process for making halogen salts which comprises reacting elemental halogen, hydrazine or a hydrazine compound, and a compound selected from the oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Zn, Bi, Sn(II,IV), and Mn(II), the carbonates and bicarbonates of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Sc, Y, Ti(IV), Zr, Hf, V(IV), Nb, Ta, Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni, Cu(I), Ag, Zn, Cd, Hg(II), Al, Ga(III), Tl(III), Sn(II,IV), Pb(II) and Bi and the hydrates thereof, ammonia and ammonium compounds, such as ammonium carbonate, amines such as ethylenediamine, in the presence of a solvent medium selected from water, alcohols, ethers, and mixtures thereof. Thus, lithium carbonate, hydrazine, and elemental iodine react in water to produce lithium iodide which can be isolated from the water solution by evaporation.

Abstract: A urea synthesis effluent is subjected to at least one high pressure decomposition stage and then a low pressure decomposition stage to decompose and recover unreacted materials contained in said effluent for recycle to the urea synthesis. The urea synthesis effluent discharged from a high pressure decomposition stage is cooled to 105.degree. - 170.degree. C. by indirect heat exchange with the urea synthesis effluent in the rectification zone of the low pressure decomposition stage and then is flashed into the top of said rectification zone, whereby the bottom of said rectification zone is heated to 100.degree. - 140.degree. C. and the temperature at the top of said rectification zone is maintained at 60.degree. - 120.degree. C. to minimize the water content in the distillate from the rectification zone.

Abstract: Iodine pentafluoride is produced from gaseous fluorine and molten iodine by contacting the iodine with fluorine in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range of about 114.degree. to about 280.degree. C. The process results in high yields of pure iodine pentafluoride.

Abstract: When sulfur trioxide is reacted with ammonia, a melted reaction product containing mainly the ammonium salts of amidosulfonic acid and imido-disulfonic acid is obtained. According to the invention the melted reaction product is introduced into mineral acids. From the resulting solution, free amidosulfonic acid precipitates in high yield.

Abstract: A method of direct water hydrolysis of phosgene consisting essentially of e step of intimately contacting phosgene with water through means of a porous material submerged in the water through which gaseous phosgene is passed to produce a commercially useful concentration of hydrochloric acid and gaseous carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Strong Lewis acids added to wet HF protonate the water to form stable OH.sub.3.sup.+ salts.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preparing cyanogen chloride by reacting chlorine and hydrogen cyanide in a manganous chloride-containing aqueous medium to form gaseous cyanogen chloride and dissolved hydrogen chloride and to the subsequent conversion of the hydrogen chloride to chlorine employing manganese dioxide and nitric acid as cyclic reagents.

Abstract: A process for hydrolyzing urea in waste water streams which comprises introducing a waste water stream containing urea into a carbon dioxide recovery system such as used in connection with the production of ammonia, and therein hydrolyzing substantially all of the urea in the waste water stream.